Zune

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Zune refers to Microsoft's digital audio player, client software, and online music store released to the United States on November 14 2006.[1] The device plays music and videos, displays images, receives FM radio, and shares files wirelessly with other Zunes and via USB with Xbox 360s. The Zune Software allows users to manage files on the player, to rip audio CDs, and to buy songs at the online Zune Marketplace.

History

The device was created in close cooperation with Toshiba, which took an existing design mainly the Gigabeat S and redeveloped it under the name Toshiba 1089 as registered with the FCC.[2] Xbox 360 overseer J Allard ran the project, codenamed 'Argo', which consisted of some XBox and MSN Music store developers,[3] who worked on 'Alexandria' and finalized it as Zune Marketplace,[4] then later unveiled both products united under a single brand in the U.S. market as the Zune. The Zune represents Microsoft's attempt to enter the lucrative digital audio player market, which is currently led by Apple's iPod.

Zune

File:Zune3inDisplaywithValeninesDaySkinuv411.JPG
Zune's 3-inch display

Case

The Zune's casing is made from rubberized plastic. Its controls include a circular controller with five buttons, a menu button to the left, a play/pause button to the right, and a hold switch atop the player next to the headphone port.[5] The words "Hello from Seattle" are inscribed on the back of the case, mimicking the message "Designed by Apple in California" on the back of the iPod.[6] Some believe it was meant as a message to Apple;[7] although Microsoft called it simply a greeting.[8]

Colors

The consumer edition was initially offered in light black, chocolate brown, and pearl white, which came with a "doubleshot," or translucent glow in a different colour, of blue, green, and clear, respectively.

The limited edition came in different colours and artwork and were offered in three consecutive months. Red Zunes were put up for auction in various stores in the Los Angeles area on October 2006.[9] Pink and orange Zunes,[10] in quantities of 100 each, were randomly inserted into Zune boxes along with a numbered certificate of authenticity.[11][12] These devices were given to the Zune team as ship gifts. They had "Welcome to the Social November 14, 2006" written on the back and came in white packaging featuring Zune artwork then were released on the very same month.[13][14] "Ambassador" artwork Zunes were given to Microsoft's "Zune Master" college-student marketers on December 15, 2006.[15]

See speculation and rumors for color additions information.

Software

Zune's operating system is based on Windows CE kernel for ARM and uses a distribution like the Portable Media Center found on the Gigabeat S. It natively supports the JPEG format for images, the WMV format for video, and these audio formats: MP3, AAC (.mp4), WMA Pro (2-channel), and WMA Standard. Like iTunes, the Zune Software will transcode, or convert, some other media formats to native ones; e.g., from MP4 video to WMV video.[16] Unlike iTunes, the Zune Software cannot automatically download audio or video podcasts when alerted by an RSS feed. But the device can play podcast files that are unprotected and in a natively supported format.

The Zune's graphical user interface (GUI) has sections for music, video, pictures, radio, community, and settings, using a "twist interface" that provides "two-dimensional navigation" for scrolling though items with its directional pad.[17] In the music section, users can add songs to a quick playlist without reconnecting to the desktop software. In the picture section, the background can be personalized to any image as wallpaper. In the radio section, users can receive and play FM radio internally, with North American, Japanese, and European tuning ranges and show song information on supported FM stations. In the community section, users can broadcast user profile and current activity to others nearby. In the setting section, users can control backlight settings and output analog TV in with purchase of a separate connection.

Version Date Description
1.0 (193)
-
 device default
1.1 (322) 2006-11-14 Improved performance. Added menu item "community," which allows the user to search for nearby Zunes, see their status, and transfer music and pictures.
1.2 (434) 2006-12-19 Fixed compatibility with Windows Vista, and improved browsing performance and a few other things.[citation needed]
1.3 (482) 2007-03-28 Prevents the FM tuner from draining the battery while the device is sleeping. Fixed a bug that caused music from the Zune Marketplace to skip. Improved device detection and syncing.[18]

Updates to the Zune's software added sharing features (send, community, list nearby Zune users) as described in FCC filings.[19][20] Firmware 1.1 allowed device to inherit sharing capabilities described by codename Pyxis. Early firmwares patched software bugs.

Sharing

Zune can stream music, videos, and pictures to an Xbox 360 via USB or from the Zune Software via a home network. Its Wi-Fi communication allows limited sharing of songs, recordings, playlists and pictures with other Zunes up to 30 feet away. Images may be transferred from one Zune to another without restriction. But songs expire after three plays or three days, whichever comes first, unless purchased or downloaded from the Zune Marketplace online store. Recipients cannot re-send music or audio files, but can save the names of expired songs for later purchase. Many songs downloaded from the Zune Marketplace cannot be shared: the ones record companies flag as non-distributable.[21] Both the device and marketplace protect content using a digital rights management system — Windows Media DRM (WMDRM) — that is incompatible with other DRM systems and not part of the PlaysForSure platform or program.[22][23] Multimedia content is transferred though Media Transfer Protocol (MTP); however, its proprietary MTP extensions place an interoperability barrier between the Zune and previous MTP-based software and services.

Model

Image Capacity Changes Introduced Connection Original Release Date Launch Price (US$)
File:Zune-color-negro.jpg 30 GB First release. Available in white, black, and brown with limited edition colours orange and pink. USB, Wi-Fi USA- November 14th, 2006 $249.99
- 30 GB New shade of pink. USB, Wi-Fi USA- May 2007 $249.99

Specifications

  1. Discharge: 13-14 hours music (on-off Wi-Fi), 4 hours video[31]
  2. Charge: 2-3 hours (90%-full)[32]

Preloaded content

The device comes with the following songs, videos, and images. These can be erased upon synchronization.[41]

Audio tracks
Title Artist(s) Label
"Wicked Gil" Band of Horses Sub Pop
"The Mating Game" Bitter:Sweet Quango Music Group
"Alala (Microsoft edit)" C.S.S. Sub Pop
"At the End of the Sky (edit)" Darkel Astralwerks
"Munich" Editors Kitchenware Records
"Signs of Life" Every Move a Picture V2 Records
"Can't Let Go" Landon Pigg RCA Records
"Stay" Small Sins Astralwerks
"Tell Me Tell Me" The Adored V2 Records
"Open Book" The Rakes V2 Records
"A Pillar of Salt" The Thermals Sub Pop
Music videos
Title Artist(s) Label
"The Kill" 30 Seconds to Mars Virgin Records
"1.618" BT DTS Entertainment
"Red Hot Drops" Chad VanGaalen Sub Pop
"True Skool" Coldcut
(featuring Roots Manuva)		 Ninja Tune
"Let's Make Love and Listen to Death From Above" CSS Sub Pop
"Live: The Wind That Blew My Heart Away" Fruit Bats Sub Pop
"Elevate Myself" Grandaddy V2 Records
"Over and Over" Hot Chip Astralwerks
"Keep Me Home" Kraak & Smaak
(featuring Dez.)		 Quango Music Group
"Live: The Snowy Parts of Scandinavia" Kinski Sub Pop
"Faster Kill Pussycat" Paul Oakenfold
(featuring Brittany Murphy)		 Maverick Records
"Drain Cosmetics" Serena-Maneesh Playlouderecordings
Short films
Film Company Sport
"A New York Skateboarding Minute" 5 Boro Skateboarding
"Kranked -- Progression" Radical Films Mountain Biking
"The North Face" TGRTV Skiing/Snowboarding
Images
The device initially came with 12 classic rock posters from Art of Modern Rock,[42] 8 pictures of Records and DJs, and pictures of graffiti art.

Accessories

The Zune comes with earphones, USB data cable, and carrying bag. Accessories sold separately include:

  • Charging devices (car adapter, AC wall-socket adapters, external battery).
  • I/O adapters (A/V composite, FM transmitters, headphones, USB data cable).
  • Docks (charging, multimedia large speaker, vertical hands-free assist).
  • Protection (glass screen protection, hardened/cushioning material case protection).
  • Carrying cases (standard issue, armband type).
  • Replacement parts and upgrades (battery, hard drive, LCD, etc.).

Among the firms that make Zune accessories are Microsoft, Altec Lansing, Belkin Corp., Digital Lifestyle Outfitters (DLO), Dual Electronics, Griffin Technology, Harman Kardon and JBL, Integrated Mobile Electronics, Jamo International, Klipsch Audio Technologies, Logitech, Monster Cable Products Inc., Speck, Targus Group International Inc. and VAF Research.[43] Some accessories carry the Designed for Zune logo.[44]

Zune Software

File:Zune-marketplace.png
The Zune Marketplace

Zune Software functions as management software for the device and library and as a client to the online music store. As a modified version of Windows Media Player, with additional DirectShow decoders for AAC, MPEG-4 and H.264, it supports the following formats — for audio: MP3 (.mp3), AAC (Low complexity) (.mp4,.m4a,.m4b,.mov), WMA (.wma); for video: MPEG4 (.mp4,.m4v,.mov), H.264 (.mp4,.m4v,.mov), WMV (.wmv), ASF (.asf); and for still images: JPEG (.jpg). It synchronizes music, pictures, and videos to the device. It streams files to the Xbox 360. It organizes the media in its library and allows users to add to the library by ripping from CDs and to organize the metadata. It receives from the Zune Marketplace which it uses to automatically pull down album art and metadata for all content in the library. There is also an inbox feature in the desktop client software as well on the device, which keeps track of flagged music (for later purchase) as well as songs swapped with other Zune users. The software also modifies any audio files that you listen to, changing the date of the file and adding extra information in the file to keep track of how many times you have played it.

Zune Marketplace

Zune Marketplace is an online music store that integrates with the device. It offers more than two million songs that may be downloaded in protected WMA format for a per-song fee. Payment is through an unwieldy system called Microsoft Points, in which users prepay $5 for a block of 400 points that can be applied to downloads at 79 points per song. This works out to about $1 per song; cost and minimum purchase varies with foreign currency exchange rates and taxes.

Somewhat fewer songs are available through a US$14.99-per-month subscription called "Zune Pass." Songs downloaded under this service can only be burned to CD for an extra fee, and unburned songs become unplayable when the subscription lapses.[45]

Sales and marketing

Marketing

Microsoft had launched several campaigns to jumpstart the Zune. The company had planned a $100 million campaign to promote Zune with "music the way it wants to be" as a major theme.[46] Also, the company had enlisted about 300 "Zune masters" to advertise the device on American college campuses, to promote the item, and to run Zune-related events as expected. In exchange, they have received free merchandise, including a Zune.[47]

The choice of branding and distribution were part of the Zune as a decision of "two strategies in the market right now: cross-brand ecosystems [...] and singular brand ecosystems [...]. The former is gaining in share and units sold, but the latter has enormous share and won’t give that up easily"[23] with history showing that the company, after adopting the cross-brand strategy with its much-ballyhooed PlaysForSure ecosystem, reversed course to embrace a vertically-integrated strategy in which it controls everything end-to-end from the device to the store.

As an effort to promote the tagline "the social" and Wi-Fi (wireless sharing) as a key differentiator, as Chris Stephenson, Microsoft general manager for marketing, said, "we see a great opportunity to bring together technology and community to allow consumers to explore and discover music together."[23] Technology reviewers comment its narrow use as being useless as they cite their own DRM research. Pundants say get rid of it all together.[48]

Sales

NPD Group
Zune's Hard Disk Unit Share
D '06 J '07 F M
10.2% 9.9% 8.7% N/A

At its initial release, the Zune was met with mostly consumer indifference. Sales were not terrible, but the heavy marketing failed to launch Zune as a genuine threat to the iPod.[49] A survey of 40 retailers conducted by Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster found only 8% of the salespeople recommended Zune, far less than the 75% who recommended the iPod, and that most of the salespeople did not even know what Zune was or who made it.[50]

During its launch week, the Zune was the second-most-sold player with a 9% unit share of portable media devices; far behind the market-leading iPod's 63%.[51] Also, in the same week, according to hourly updated data on online retailer Amazon.com site,[52] the most popular Zune model (the black one) was ranked "7 out of 10" on the "top 10 best-selling MP3 players list" compared to a number of competing products on launch week by analysis from Munster.[53]

For the holiday shopping month of December 2006, the Zune captured 12% of drive-based player market according to market research firm Current Analysis but did not earn top 10 spot against Apple and Sandisk in overall sales, tracking sales from "Best Buy, Circuit City, CompUSA, Staples and RadioShack" but doesn't include many other outlets such as Wal-Mart and Apple stores.[54] Another analysis by NPD Group, retail market researching group, revealed that Zune showed 10.2% unit share for hard drive music player market, figures from Microsoft themselves.[55]

For the month of January 2007, Microsoft was third ranked in the MP3 category with 3.2% unit share followed by Sandisk's 8.9% and Apple's 72.7% for "top retail computer hardware sales" according to NPD Group.[56][57] Another analysis of NPD Group data revealed that Zune showed 9.9% unit share for hard drive music player market, figures from Microsoft themselves.[55]

For the month of February 2007, the Zune showed 8.7% share for hard-drive based portable music players in the United States according to numbers by NPD Group, figures from Microsoft themselves.[58][59]

For the month of April 2007, as of April 12, 2007, according to hourly updated data on online retailer Amazon.com site,[60] the most popular Zune model (the black one) ranks #12, behind 7 iPod models, 2 SanDisk players and the Toshiba Gigabeat in the MP3 Players category; other models (white, brown and pink) have much lower sales.

Criticism

Digital rights management

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, which opposes DRM, wrote, "Microsoft's Zune will not play protected Windows Media Audio and Video purchased or 'rented' from Napster 2.0, Rhapsody, Yahoo! Unlimited, Movielink, Cinemanow, iTunes, or any other online media service. The Zune will not even play content previously purchased from Microsoft's own MSN Music service. That's right — the media that Microsoft promised would Play For Sure doesn't even play on Microsoft's own device."[61] The EFF calls this "a stark example of DRM under the DMCA giving customers a raw deal."[62]

DRM critics say Zune's wireless-transfer policy is restrictive and unfair. They claim the Zune is more restrictive than the face value of this common phrase — "three days or three plays whichever comes first."[63][64][65] Because among other things, restrictions are applied to songs for which the recipient owns a paid-for and current Zune Pass;[66] to material that is self-recorded automatically wrapped in 'three-days three-plays' DRM but previously released under Creative Commons licenses or similar licenses with stipulations of unprotected DRM which "does not violate the letter of the CC license but it certainly violates the spirit of the license" said Creative Commons general counsel Mia Garlick;[65][67] to a song that expires in three days even if it has not been played at all;[citation needed] to playing just a portion of a song — within few seconds of a song,[68] or pausing/stopping the song,[64] or the intentional standard of one minute into the song or halfway into the song whichever is shorter[69] — counts as one "play"; and to prevent someone attempting to re-trade a traded song.[69]

DRM critics also note that researchers have reported that about 40% of the most popular Zune store downloads cannot be shared, which trigger the message "cannot send some songs due to rights restrictions."[70] A Microsoft spokesperson attributed the problem as being a "new experience, and its implementation is in a version 1.0 stage" and saying that the company "is working to expand the number of songs that can be shared."[71] Initially, observers criticized two music publishers, UMG and Sony, for what was assumed to be an intentional restriction, while criticizing the Zune Marketplace for not disclosing which songs could not be shared.[72] Music publishers denied having placed any such restrictions.[71]

Leo Laporte, technology reviewer of G4techTV (Canada), said in his November 11, 2006, radio show that Zune may be the "beginning of the end" for DRM as a business tactic.[73]

Usability

James Kim, formerly a senior editor for CNET, criticized the Zune for failing to: play TV shows recorded using Windows Media Center's digital video recorder (DVR) software, function as a hard drive, wirelessly sync to its host computer, support seamless music transitions with gapless playback (although the average gap between songs is typically less than 1/2 second), and playback exact high quality renditions with lossless audio.[74][22]

Michael Kaplan, the technical lead from globalization infrastructure, fonts, and tools at Microsoft who works on collation, locales, unicode, and native language support claims the Zune can only display English text and can't even get his music files to properly describe themselves on the device.[75]

The Zune is restricted to specific Windows platforms,[76] with its proprietary MTP protocol rendering it unusable with Mac OS X or GNU/Linux. Initially, the Zune Software had been criticized for faulty device detection and buggy installation.[77] Web 2.0 users find that a lack of podcast support, gaining popularity as a medium for information, disappointing as it is not part of the Zune Software package found in competing products. They also find it disappointing that there is no support for Audible.com's audiobooks found in competing products.

Zune users frequently have difficulty finding others with whom to wirelessly share files, with the "no nearby Zune devices found" message appearing.[78] Ina Fried, CNET reporter, took two rounds through San Francisco to locate one Zune to share after two weeks of the device launch.[78] Technology journalist Steven Levy conducted a survey "in the wild" and within Microsoft's events and found only one Zune user out of a crowd of many in both occasions are willing to share music.[79][80]

American shoppers find it cumbersome to work with the music store's Microsoft Points system. As columnist Andy Ihnatko jokingly put it, "The Zune Marketplace doesn't even take real money."[81] To illustrate this confusion, a song costs 79 points, which corresponds to $0.99, which gives the impression that songs cost 79 cents; points can only be purchased in blocks of at least 400 points, leading to possible over-purchase and unused points.[68][82]

Speculation and rumors

Many have speculated on a European release date. Czech Business Weekly claims a scheduled date for "the first half of 2007."[83] UK site Tech.co.uk, in an article dated January 15, 2007, mentioned the Zune is coming to the UK in "two-to-three months."[84]. However, in a product review published in April 2007, UK site PC Pro has indicated that the UK release could be as late as 2008.[85]

Chris Stephenson, general manager of global marketing for the Zune project, has also said in an interview with Engadget that some phone functionality is in store for the Zune at a later date.[86] There is increasing evidence from Microsoft and the Zune Team that there may be an upcoming addition to the Zune "family" of products called the ZunePhone, which would be a Zune based cellphone as a possible Apple iPhone competitor.[87]

At the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Bill Gates said little about the Zune; a ZDNet reporter summarized it as "no Zune news", told readers not to expect any new Zune devices soon, and inferred from Gates' remarks that Microsoft will promote the device at its own Zune-specific events.[88] At the same event, however, Peter Moore, vice president of Microsoft's Interactive Entertainment and Devices Division, mentioned that the Zune will support videogames by mid-2008.[89]

Cesar Menendez from the Microsoft Zune team confirmed that starting mid-May,[90] the Pink Zune will be available alongside the original Brown, Black, and White Zunes. As of April 13th, the Pink Zune is avaivable for purchase.[91] More colours—Watermelon Red, and Orange, differing in hue—are being added to the Zune line, outside of special edition.

A third party is working to port Linux to the Zune.[92]

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See also

External links

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