Pike Place Market and Hard Candy (Madonna album): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->
{{Infobox_nrhp
|Name = Hard Candy
| name = Pike Place Public Market Historic District
|Type = studio
| nrhp_type = hd
|Artist = [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]
| image = Pike Place Market 1.jpg
|Cover = HardCandyAlbumCover.PNG
| caption =
|Released = {{Start date|2008|04|25}}<br /><small>(see [[#Release history|release history]])</small>
| location = [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], [[Washington]]<br/>{{USA}}
|Recorded = 2007-2008
| lat_degrees = 47 | lat_minutes = 36 | lat_seconds = 36.97 | lat_direction = N
|Genre = [[pop music|Pop]], [[R&B]], [[electropop]], [[dance pop]], [[urban pop]]
| long_degrees = 122 | long_minutes = 20 | long_seconds = 25.01 | long_direction = W
|Length = 56:13 <small>(Standard Edition)</small><br />63:28 <small>(Special Edition)</small><br />
| area =
|Label = [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]
| built = 1903
|Producer = [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[The Neptunes]], [[Timbaland]], [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Danja]]
| architect = Frank Goodwin
|Reviews = * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|2|5}} [http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:dxfuxzejldhe link]
| added = [[March 13]], [[1970]]
* [[BBC Music]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7336448.stm link]
| visitation_num =
* ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' {{rating|4|5}} [http://img233.imageshack.us/img233/8271/blender01qy4.jpg link]
| visitation_year =
* ''[[NME]]'' {{Rating-10|5}} [http://www.nme.com/reviews/madonna/9645 link]
| refnum = 70000644<ref name="nris">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/wa/King/districts.html|title=WASHINGTON - King County - Historic Districts|accessdate=2008-02-01|publisher=National Register of Historic Places}}. See "Pike Place Public Market Historic District"</ref>
* ''[[The Observer]]'' {{rating|4|5}} [http://music.guardian.co.uk/pop/reviews/story/0,,2273969,00.html link]
| governing_body =
* [[Pitchfork Media]] (5.3/10) [http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/50210-madonna-hard-candy link]
}}
* [[PopMatters]] {{Rating-10|5}} [http://www.popmatters.com/pm/reviews/article/59381/madonna-hard-candy/ link]
'''Pike Place Market''' is a [[public market]] overlooking the [[Elliott Bay]] waterfront in [[Seattle]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. The Market, which opened [[August 17]], [[1907]], is one of the oldest continually-operated public farmer's markets in the United States. It is a place of business for many small farmers, craftspeople and [[merchant]]s. It is also one of Seattle's most popular [[tourist]] destinations. Located in [[Downtown, Seattle, Washington|Downtown]], it occupies over 9 acres (36,000&nbsp;m²). It is named after its central street, Pike Place, which runs northwest from Pike Street to Virginia Street.
* ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/20255940/review/20256148/hard_candy link]
* ''[[Slant Magazine]]'' {{rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1368 link]
*''[[USA Today]]'' {{rating|3.5|4}} [http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2008-04-28-madonna-hard-candy_N.htm link]
|Last album = ''[[The Confessions Tour (album)|The Confessions Tour]]''<br />(2007)
|This album = '''''Hard Candy'''''<br />(2008)
|Next album =
{{Singles
|Name = Hard Candy
|Type = studio
|single 1 = [[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]
|single 1 date = March 17, 2008
|single 2 = [[Give It 2 Me]]
|single 2 date = July 15, 2008
|single 3 = [[Miles Away (Madonna song)|Miles Away]]
|single 3 date = September 28, 2008 (Promo Release)
}}}}


'''''Hard Candy''''' is the eleventh [[studio album]] by [[United States|American]] singer-songwriter [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] and was first released on April 25, 2008<ref name="temp release">{{ cite web | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1580782/20080201/jay_z.jhtml | title=Katharine McPhee marries Nick Cokas; Plus Jay-Z, R. Kelly, Amy Winehouse, Madonna, Janet Jackson & more, on for the record | work=MTV | date=2008-02-01 | accessdate=2008-02-03 }}</ref><ref name="rolling stone">{{ cite web | url=http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/02/15/madonnas-new-album-and-video-exclusive-rolling-stone-preview/ | title=Madonna's new album and video: Exclusive Rolling Stone preview | work=Rolling Stone | last=Ganz|first=Caryn | date=2008-02-15 | accessdate=2008-04-11 }}</ref> by [[Warner Bros. Records]]. This release is the final studio album under her contract with Warner Bros., her record company for the past 25 years.
The Market is built on the edge of a steep hill. It has several lower levels below the main level, featuring a variety of unique [[Retailing#Shops and stores|shops]]. [[Antiques|Antique]] dealers, [[comic book]] sellers, and small family-owned [[restaurant]]s are joined by one of the few remaining [[head shop]]s in Seattle. The upper street level features [[fishmonger]]s, fresh [[produce]] stands, and [[craft]] stalls operating in the covered [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]]s. Local [[farmer]]s sell year-round in the arcades from tables they [[Renting|rent]] from the Market on a daily basis, in accordance with the Market's mission and founding goal: allowing consumers to "Meet the Producer." The Market is also home to nearly 500 low income residents who live in 8 different buildings throughout the Market. The Market is run by the quasi-government Pike Place Market Preservation and Development Authority (PDA).


==Album title==
== Location and extent==
Madonna initially wanted the album to be called ''Candy Shop'', after an album track, but Warner Bros. disallowed the name, citing it as too close to the song by [[50 Cent]]. She then wanted to call the album ''[[Give It 2 Me]]'', after the second single, but Warner Bros. again disallowed the name, citing it was too close to the song by [[Timbaland]], [[Give It To Me]]. In the end, she called the album ''Hard Candy'', as a "juxtaposition of toughness and sweetness".
[[Image:Seattle Pike-Market map.JPG|thumb|right|"Pike-Market" neighborhood as represented in the City Clerk's ''Seattle Neighborhood Atlas''. The heavy line on the map labeled "Alaskan W[a]y Viad[uct]" is part of [[Washington State Route 99]] (SR-99). The unlabeled street inland from SR-99 as it passes the market is Western Avenue.]]
The Market is located roughly in the northwest corner of Seattle's [[Downtown, Seattle, Washington|central business district]]. To its north is [[Belltown, Seattle, Washington|Belltown]]. To its southwest are the [[Central Waterfront, Seattle, Washington|central waterfront]] and [[Elliott Bay]]. Boundaries are diagonal to the compass since the street grid is roughly parallel to the Elliott Bay shoreline.<ref name="Seattle Clerk Office Map">{{cite web
| date =n.d.; image Jpeg dated 2002-06-13
| url =http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/public/nmaps/S/NN-1250S.htm
| title ="Pike Market"
| work =Seattle City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas
| publisher =Office of the Seattle City Clerk
| accessdate =2006-07-21
}}</ref><ref name="About Seattle Clerk Office Map">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| date =Revised 2006-04-30
| year =
| month =
| url =http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/about.htm
| title ="About the Seattle City Clerk's On-line Information Services"
| work =Information Services
| publisher =Seattle City Clerk's Office
| accessdate =2006-05-21
}} <br>See heading, "Note about limitations of these data".</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shenk|Pollack|Dornfeld|2002}}</ref>


==Release==
As is common with Seattle neighborhoods and districts,<ref name="About Seattle Clerk Office Map" /> different people and organizations draw different boundaries for the Market. The City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas gives one of the more expansive definitions, defining a "Pike-Market" neighborhood extending from Union Street northwest to Virginia Street and from the waterfront northeast to Second Avenue.<ref name="Seattle Clerk Office Map" /> Despite coming from the City Clerk's office, this definition has no special official status.<ref name="About Seattle Clerk Office Map" />
''Hard Candy'' was released towards the end of April following the full release of its lead single "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]". April 26 was the official release date in [[Australia]] but many retailers chose to sell the album two days prior to this April 24, while a select few European countries saw the album's release on April 25, including [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and [[Belgium]]. On April 28, 2008<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/reviews/story/0,,2255302,00.html | title=10 essential albums for spring | publisher=[[The Observer]] | author=Killian Fox | date=2008-02-10 | accessdate=2008-04-11 }}</ref> the album was released in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Brazil]] and most other [[Europe]]an countries, and on April 29, 2008 in the [[United States]], [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]] and [[Canada]].<ref name="temp release"/>


==Musical style==
The smaller "Pike Place Public Market Historic District" listed on the U.S. [[National Register of Historic Places]] is bounded roughly by First Avenue, Virginia Street, Western Avenue, and a building wall about halfway between Union and Pike Streets, running parallel to those streets.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/nr//travel/seattle/s11.htm Pike Place Public Market Historic District], Seattle: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, National Parks Service. Accessed online 2 October 2008.</ref>
The album, overall, has an [[urban music|urban]] vibe, while remaining a [[Dance music|dance]]-[[Pop music|pop]] record at heart.<ref name="thesun">{{ cite web | url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article24734.ece | title=Madonna taps up Timberlake | work=[[The Sun]] | publisher=[[News International]] | date=2007-04-11 | accessdate=2007-04-11 }}</ref> In the early stages of recording, [[Stuart Price]], the producer of ''Confessions on a Dance Floor'', described the new album as moving in an urban direction. It had initially been defined as having "a lot of producers from a lot of genres in there.", [[The Sun]] proclaiming that "it could be her most ambitious project yet.”<ref name="thesun"/>


Timbaland, one of the featured producers of the record, referred to the album as being "like '[[Holiday (Madonna song)|Holiday]]' with an R&B groove."<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/showbiz/3am/2007/04/13/madge-is-mad-for-it-89520-18897798/ | title=Madge is mad for it | work=[[Daily Mirror]] | publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]] | date=2007-04-13 | accessdate=2007-04-13 }}</ref> Justin Timberlake also defined the album as being "an R&B/pop/dance record." Upon release, [[The New York Times]] reviewed the album as "a set of catchy, easily digestible, mass-appeal songs."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/arts/music/27pare.html?ref=arts | title="Material Woman, Restoring Her Brand" | author=Pareles, Jon | date=2008-04-27 | accessdate=2008-04-28}}</ref>
In a middle ground between those two definitions, the Seattle Department of Neighborhoods' official {{convert|7|acre|m2|adj=on}} "Pike Place Market Historical District"<ref>[http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/pikeplace.htm Pike Place Market Historical District], Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. Accessed online 2 October 2008.</ref> includes the federally recognized Pike Place Public Market Historic District plus a slightly smaller piece of land between Western Avenue and [[Washington State Route 99]], on the side of the market toward Elliott Bay.<ref>[http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/pikeplace_map.htm Pike Place Market Historical District] map, Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. Accessed online 2 October 2008.</ref>


The album features vocal appearances from [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Timbaland]], [[Pharrell]] and [[Kanye West]] along with production credits from Timbaland, Timberlake, [[The Neptunes]], and [[Nate "Danja" Hills]] as well as co-production from Madonna. Additionally, ''Hard Candy'' includes a guest appearance of American [[guitarist]] and [[singer-songwriter]] [[Wendy Melvoin]], best known for her work with [[Prince (artist)|Prince]], contributing with guitars on the song "She's Not Me", on which she is mentioned.
The South Arcade at the corner of First Avenue and Union Street, built in 1985, lies outside of these protected historic areas. It includes [[condominium]] apartments, but also the the Pike Pub & Brewery and several other retail businesses of a similar character to those within the Market boundaries. Its owner, Harbor Properties, describes it a "adjacent to" the Market.<ref>[http://harborportfolio.com/arcade/arcade.htm South Arcade], Harbor Properties. Accessed online 2 October 2008.</ref>


==Promotion==
To some extent, these different definitions of the market district result from struggles between preservationists and developers. For example, the [[National Historic Preservation Act of 1966]] created the Washington Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. [[Victor Steinbrueck]] at one point in the late 1960s convinced the Advisory Council to recommend designating {{convert|17|acre|m2}} as a historical district. Pressure by developers and the "Seattle establishment" soon got that reduced to a tenth of that acreage.<ref name=Crowley-1999>{{Harvnb|Crowley|1999}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Speidel|1967}}<!-- page number would be nice, this is a book.--></ref> The present-day historic district designations lie between these extremes.
Seven songs from the album were also made available during the week prior to the albums official release, a song a day downloadable via mobile phone.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3575836.ece | title=Madonna to release new album via mobile | publisher=[[The Times]] | author=Jonathan Richards | date=2007-03-18 | accessdate=2008-04-11 }}</ref> Beginning on April 21 and ending on April 27, these songs were distributed in order as follows: "Candy Shop", "Miles Away", "Give It 2 Me", "Heartbeat", "Beat Goes On", "Devil Wouldn't Recognize You" and "She's Not Me". Additionally, ''Hard Candy'' and the "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" music video were pre-loaded onto the [[Samsung]] F400 in [[France]].<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3i7d6885cb31509ec4173f1437142f2920 | title=Samsung dials up Madonna deal for France | author=Aymeric Pichevin | work=[[Billboard|Billboard.biz]] | publisher=[[Nielsen Company]] | date=2008-04-04 | accessdate=2008-07-14 }}</ref> A similar deal was made with [[Sony Ericsson]], who offered the album alongside or pre-loaded onto its phones in 27 different countries worldwide.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3i36ba53a2d13a6bd765e61046418fefc4 | title=Madonna's 'Candy' a treat for Sony Ericsson users | author=Lars Brandle | work=[[Billboard|Billboard.biz]] | publisher=[[Nielsen Company]] | date=2008-06-05 | accessdate=2008-07-14 }}</ref>


''Hard Candy'' was also streamed on [[MySpace]] four days before the United States release.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20194994,00.html | title=Madonna releases her new album early | work=[[People (magazine)|People.com]] | publisher=[[Time Inc.]] |date=2008-04-25 | accessdate=2008-04-25 }}</ref> Furthermore, The [[season finale]] of ''[[Ugly Betty]]'''s second season, "[[Jump (Ugly Betty)|Jump]]", solely featured Madonna's music, "Candy Shop", "Spanish Lesson", "She's Not Me" and "[[Miles Away (Madonna song)|Miles Away]]" all played, as well as the 2006 single "[[Jump (Madonna song)|Jump]]". The [[Japanese television drama]] ''[[Change (TV series)|Change]]'' also featured "Miles Away" during the [[closing credits]].
Part of the market sits on what was originally [[mudflats]] below the bluffs west of Pike Place. In the late 19th century, Railroad Avenue (now now Western Avenue) was built on pilings through filled mudflats. Alaskan Way was built farther out as the fill was extended. Piers with warehouses for convenient [[stevedore|stevedoring]] were extended northwest as filling was completed by 1905.<ref>{{Harvnb|Phelps|1978|p=71-73}}</ref>


===Hard Candy Promo Tour===
==History==
{{main|History of the Pike Place Market}}
===Before the Market===
[[Image:Lib washington edu Seattle, E fr. waterfront ~Pike St, n.d. (1891-1907); 398, 296382125102001 602.jpg|thumb|Looking east from the Elliott Bay waterfront between Stewart and Virginia Streets. The dirt track rising at left is part of Stewart Street. The first Washington Hotel (1891-1906, center, background) sits atop the small, steep Denny Hill, [[Regrading in Seattle|regraded]] in 1906-1907. This is taken from somewhere near Railroad Avenue, the present-day Alaskan Way.]]
[[Image:Sanborn Seattle 1904-1905 map 135.jpg|thumb|This 1905 [[Sanborn Maps|Sanborn]] map, dating from just before the founding of the Market (and before Pike Place was built), shows the the heart of today's Market. The intersection near the center of the map is the corner of First and Pike.]]
Before the creation of the Pike Place Market in 1907, local Seattle area farmers sold their goods to the public in a three-square block area area called The Lots, located at Sixth Avenue and King Street. Most produce sold at The Lots would then be brought to commercial wholesale houses on Western Avenue, which became known as Produce Row. Most farmers, due to the amount of time required to work their farms, were forced to sell their produce on consignment through the wholesalers on Western Avenue. The farmers typically received a percentage of the final sale price for their goods. They would sell to the middleman on commission, as most farmers would often have no time to sell direct to the public, and their earnings would be on marked up prices and expected sales. In some cases, the farmers made a profit, but just as often found themselves breaking even, or getting no money at all due to the business practices of the wholesalers. During the existence of the wholesale houses, which far predated the Market, there were regular rumors as well as instances of corruption in denying payment to farmers.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=15-16}}</ref>


To promote the album, Madonna embarked on the '''Hard Candy Promo Tour''', the first venture as part of Madonna's new contract with concert promoters [[Live Nation]] with media content provided by "[[Frank the Plumber]] LLC" .<ref>{{cite press release |title=Madonna Live In New York&nbsp;— Official Press Release |publisher=Warner Bros. Records |date=2008-04-29 |url=http://madonna.com/news/news.php?uid=227 |format= |language= |accessdate=2008-08-02 |quote= }}
Consumers were also unhappy with the system. Manipulated prices often forced them to pay unexpectedly high prices for staple foods. For example, in 1906 and 1907, the price of food skyrocketed mysteriously. Onion prices climbed from 10 cents a pound in 1906 to a dollar a pound in 1907 (from [[United States dollar|US$]]0.10 to $1.00).<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=17}}</ref> By comparison, a pair of shoes cost $2.00 at the time.<ref name=official-web-history/>
</ref> The show consisted of a 40 minute set featuring six songs, with dates in [[New York City]], [[Paris]] and [[Maidstone]]. During the performance at the Roseland Ballroom in New York, [[Justin Timberlake]] accompanied Madonna onstage for the performance of "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]". [[Pharrell]] also appeared on video screens during the performance of "[[Give It 2 Me (Madonna song)|Give It 2 Me]]". Alongside these and album tracks, "[[Miles Away]]" and "Candy Shop", Madonna performed a rock-infused version "[[Hung Up]]", featuring a few lines from "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]". "[[Music (Madonna song)|Music]]", was also remixed using a sample of [[Fedde Le Grand]]'s "[[Put Your Hands Up For Detroit]]".


In an interview with the BBC, Madonna stated:<ref>{{cite video |people=Madonna (performer), Jo Whiley (host) |date2=01 |month2=May |year2=2008 |title=Jo Whiley meets Madonna Part 1: Madonna talks about her live performance in New York and what people can expect at Radio 1's Big Weekend |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/bigweekend/2008/artists/madonna/index.shtml#emp |format= Flash (streaming video)|medium=Interview |publisher=BBC |location=London, England |accessdate=2008-08-03 |time=2:40 |quote=I'm very excited about it... }}</ref> {{cquote|Obviously, I want to do new stuff because I'm very excited about it. I feel that's what people come to hear but I also want to do a few of my oldies but goodies. I chose Hung Up because that was the biggest hit from my last record and I chose Music because it's a crowd pleaser, it's anthemic and it brings people together.}}
===Founding===
As consumers and farmers grew increasingly vocal in their unhappiness over the situation, [[Thomas P. Revelle]], a Seattle [[Seattle City Council|city councilman]], lawyer, and newspaper editor, took advantage of an 1896 Seattle city ordinance that allowed the city to designate tracts of land as public markets. The area of Western Avenue above the [[Elliott Bay]] tideflats and the area of the commission food houses had just been turned into a wooden planked road, called Pike Place, off of Pike Street and First Avenue. Through a city council ordinance vote, he had Pike Place designated temporarily as the city's first public market on August 5, 1907.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=18-19}}</ref>


The April 30 New York set was shown live via MSN in association with Control Room and [[Live Nation]]. The May 10 Maidstone concert was shown live on [[BBC Three]] and later a special program ''Madonna Live at [[Radio One]]'s Big Weekend'' was shown on [[BBC One]], both including interview footage with [[Jo Whiley]]. Highlights of the show were also shown all that week on [[BBC]] Interactive. The Maidstone show caused controversy with Madonna's use of swearing causing complaints to be made to the BBC. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23690062-5006024,00.html|title=Madonna shocks Radio 1 crowd with swear words and demands|date=2008-05-13|accessdate=2008-07-29|last=|first=|work=Herald Sun}}</ref>
On Saturday, [[August 17]], [[1907]] City Council President [[Charles Hiram Burnett Jr.]], filling in for the elected Mayor as Acting Mayor of Seattle, declared the day Public Market Day and cut the ribbon. <ref name=official-web-history>{{cite web | title=History of the Market | work=Pike Place Market | url=http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/site.asp?p=history | accessmonthday=December 15 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> In the week leading up to the opening of the Pike Place Market, various rumors and stories of further corruption were reported by the ''[[Seattle Times]]''.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=20}}</ref> Roughly ten farmers pulled up their wagons on a [[boardwalk]] adjacent to the Leland Hotel.<ref name=Crowley-1999 /> The ''Times'' alleged several reasons for the low turnout of farmers: Western Avenue wholesale commission men who had gone to the nearby valleys and farms to buy all the produce out ahead of time to ruin the event; threats of violence by commission men against farmers; and farmers' fear of possible boycotts and lack of business with the commission men if the Market idea did not succeed in the long term.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=20}}</ref>


*'''Setlist:'''
As the ribbon was cut to open the Market, fifty customers, the ten farmers with produce wagons, a policeman, and various city officials were present. Once the opening ceremony completed, the fifty customers were reported to have pushed past and over the policeman, and began to buy out the first wagon of vegetables before the farmer could even pull the wagon to the curb.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=13}}</ref> One porter, who worked for the Western Avenue wholesalers, apparently grew angry at the direct competition by the farmers, and climbed into one of the produce wagons. He began to freely give away the farmer's goods, before the angry spectators pulled him down. Other farmers complained of their goods being smashed in the street by young men and boys, who were accused of trying to start a riot.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=14}}</ref> In ''Soul of the City'', one farmer was quoted speaking to a reporter describing that first day:
#"Candy Shop"
#"[[Miles Away (Madonna song)|Miles Away]]"
#"[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]] (featuring [[Justin Timberlake]])"
#"[[Hung Up]]" (Rock Remix)
#"[[Give It 2 Me]]"
#"[[Music (Madonna song)|Music]]" (Fedde Le Grand Remix)


Further promotion of the album will include the [[Sticky & Sweet Tour]], which started at the end of August 2008 with dates in Europe, North & South America in 2008.
<blockquote>"The next time I come to this place, I'm going to get police protection or put my wagon on stilts. I got rid of everything, all right, but I didn't really sell a turnip. You see, those society women stormed my wagon, crawled over the wheels and crowded me off to respectable distance, say 20 feet. When I got back the wagon was swept as clean as a good housewife's parlor, and there in a bushel basket was a quart of silver."<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=14}}</ref></blockquote>


==Singles==
Hundreds of more customers soon arrived, and before noon that day, all the farmers' produce had sold out.<ref name=Crowley-1999 />
The lead single, "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]", was released digitally on March the 18th, 2008 worldwide and was physically released in April 19, 2008. The single features [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Timbaland]]. It is currently the most successful release from the album, reaching #1 in twenty-four countries including the United World Chart and becoming one of Madonna's biggest-selling singles.


The second single, "[[Give It 2 Me]]", was released to radio on June 4, 2008 in [[Europe]] and June 24, 2008 in the United States, where it peaked at #57. It currently has gone #1 in [[the Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Turkey]], [[Spain]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Brazil]] and on the U.S. Dance and Airplay Chart. It is also in the top 5 in seven other countries. The single reached also the top 10 in eight other countries such as [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[Germany]] and [[Mexico]]. It has only had moderate success in [[Australia]] reaching #23, while in [[Japan]] only in the top 40.
===First expansion years===


A promotional single of "Miles Away" was released on 17 July 2008 in Japan regions, where the song had increased Airplay and Digital Downloads.
In 1907 [[Frank Goodwin]] owned Goodwin Real Estate Company in Seattle, together with his brothers Frank and John. Headquarterd in the city's [[Alaska Building]], they owned the [[Leland Hotel]] on Pike Street and the undeveloped tracts of land that surrounded Pike Place along the Western Avenue bluff.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=23}}</ref> On the opening day of the Market, Goodwin observed the early morning chaos of farmers dealing with large crowds. Sensing that their land was about to appreciate in value, they began to heavily advertise adjoining plots for sale. Goodwin immediately began to sketch plans for enclosures to house farmers along the company property he owned on Pike Place, and began to develop business plans to lease stalls in those enclosure them to farmers. Funded by Goodwin Real Estate, work began immediately on what is today the Main Arcade of the Pike Place Market, northwest of and adjoining the Leland Hotel.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=25}}</ref>


The third single, "[[Miles Away (Madonna song)|Miles Away]]" is going to be released to US radio on October 13th, but has already been played in many Canadian radio station already. So far there are no plans for the release of a video. Many think the video will include live footage from "Sticky & Sweet Tour" but nothing is officially planned.
The first building at the Market, the Main Arcade, opened November 30, 1907.<ref name=Crowley-1999 /> At its opening, a forty-piece band performed for a large cheering crowd.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=25}}</ref> During the early years of the Pike Place Market, Seattle city ordinances limited its hours of operation to only 5 am to 12 noon, Monday through Saturday, and placed initial supervision of the facility with the city Department of Streets and Sewers. Local police gave out vendor stalls to farmers on a first come, first served basis. By 1911, demand for the Market had grown so much that the number of available stalls had doubled, and extended north from Pike Street to Stewart Street, doubling in size since the opening of the Main Arcade. The west side of the stall lines were soon covered in an overhead canopy and roofing, becoming known as the "dry row". The daily rent for any stall in 1911 was $0.20 a day.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=28}}</ref>


==Reception==
[[Image:13 Pike Place Market flower vendor displays.jpg|thumb|left|Flowers for sale in Main Arcade daystalls, 2008.]]
===Critical reception===
Also in 1911, the City of Seattle created the first full-time jobs to support Market farmers and customers. The Market Inspector, his assistant, and a janitor were the first ever employees of the Pike Place Market. The Inspector, which was renamed Market Master shortly afterward, assigned stalls to farmers and collected their daily fees.<ref name=Jones-12>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=12 (p. 24 of the PDF)}}</ref> The first Market Master, John Winship, initiated a lottery scheme to replace the previous first-come system. To buy a lottery ticket for a stall, farmers had to pay the next day's fee ahead of time. The Pike Place Market had many Japanese farmers, and Winship at first had them choose from a roll of tickets that made it more likely they would receive vendor stalls furthest from the heaviest customer foot traffic. Once the Japanese and other farmers complained about the practice, he quickly stopped it to ensure a fair lottery.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=28-30}}</ref>
[[Image:Hardcandy madonna jellybeans.JPG|left|thumb|Album cover made entirely of Jelly Beans at [[Madame Tussaud's]] in [[London]].]]As with Madonna's 2005 effort ''[[Confessions on a Dancefloor]]'',<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/madonna/confessionsonadancefloor?q=madonna | title=Confessions On A Dancefloor | work=[[Metacritic]] | publisher=[[CNET Networks]] | date=2005-11 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> the album received generally favorable reviews.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/madonna/hardcandy | title=Hard Candy | work=Metacritic | publisher=CNET Networks | date=2008-04 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> [[Reuters]] noted: "As parting gifts go, Madonna's 11th studio album&nbsp;— and her last before she exits long-term record label Warner Bros.&nbsp;— is unusually generous, if early reviews are to be believed. [...] Released internationally this week, and hitting U.S. stores on Tuesday, ''Hard Candy'' scored solidly among rock critics."<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL2992546220080429?feedType=RSS&feedName=entertainmentNews| title=Sweet reviews for Madonna's "Hard Candy" | work=[[Reuters]] | publisher=[[Reuters]] | date=2008-04 | accessdate=2008-04-29 }}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' said that ''Hard Candy'' is the work of "a songwriting team of American chart royalty" that help "revisit her roots as an urban-disco queen."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/20255940/review/20256148/hard_candy | title=Hard Candy | work=Rolling Stone | publisher=[[Jann Wenner|Wenner Publishing]] | author=Caryn Ganz | date=2008-04 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> ''[[The Observer]]'' wrote that "whenever Hard Candy threatens to get boring, something always happens to recapture your interest."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/pop/reviews/story/0,,2273969,00.html | title=Hard Candy | work=[[The Observer]] | publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] | date=2008-04-20 | accessdate=2008-04-29 }}</ref>


The album was however still criticized for being "an attempt to harness the urban market",<ref name="bbc">{{ cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7336448.stm | title=Hard Candy | work=[[BBC Music]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | author=Mark Savage | date=2008-04-08 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> with Mark Savage, of [[BBC Music]], writing that "Timbaland's tracks are frequently reminiscent of his (superior) work for [[Nelly Furtado]]" and later stated that "if a handful of the tracks had been delivered to more producers with a touch more subtlety, ''Hard Candy'' could have ranked alongside Madonna's best."<ref name="bbc"/> [[The Times]] felt similarly, noting that while "Hard Candy is no disaster, " the album's producers have "already done the same thing with [[Nelly Furtado]], [[Britney Spears]] and [[Gwen Stefani]]."<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/live_reviews/article3701646.ece | title=Hard Candy | work=[[The Times]] | publisher=[[News International]] | date=2008-04-08 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> ''[[The Independent]]'' said that the album reflects "how a once diverse talent has ossified into simply satisfying the sweet tooth of functional dance-pop."<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-madonna-hard-candy-warner-brothers-807609.html | title=Hard Candy | work=[[The Independent]] | publisher=[[Independent News & Media]] | author=Andy Gill | date=2008-04-11 | accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> ''[[PopMatters]]'' wrote that the album "is overpopulated with recycled pop that is indistinguishable and artificial, something Madonna’s soothing arpeggiating vocals cannot alleviate".<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/59381/madonna-hard-candy/ | title=Hard Candy | work=[[PopMatters.com]] | publisher=[[PopMatters]] | author=Thomas Hauser | date=2008-06-10 | accessdate=2008-07-08 }}</ref>
The Market Master and his assistant were also responsible to ensure that farmers used no questionable practices on their customers. Some farmers had weighed down bags of produce for the scales with rocks and gravel, had tried to sneak unripe or spoiled fruit into purchases and, according to one customer, a butcher let his hands "lovingly linger" whenever he weighed meat on his scales. Vendors caught cheating customers would be denied stall rentals for a period of time.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=28-30}}</ref>


===Chart performance===
The Public Market & Department Store Company was founded in 1911 by the Goodwins to manage their Pike Place Market properties. They began to design a series of expansions to the Market properties they owned, including the North Arcade, which they planned to build down the bluff along Pike Place. They planned to have all their building expansions set at all times a minimum of ten feet from the sidewalk, to allow extra space for vendors. At the time Frank Goodwin's designs, plans, and intended visual appearance of the Market were considered idiosyncratic.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=32}}</ref>
The album peaked at number one in twenty-seven countries worldwide, including [[United Kingdom]], [[Ireland]], [[Australia]], [[Germany]], [[Turkey]], [[Austria]], [[Canada]], the [[United States]], [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Greece]], [[Japan]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Netherlands]], [[Portugal]], [[Poland]], [[South Africa]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Spain]], [[Finland]], [[Hungary]], [[Belgium]], [[Chile]], [[Brazil]], [[Mexico]], [[Argentina]], [[Singapore]] and [[Slovakia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sugarcainentertainment.com/?p=680|title=Madonna's Hard Candy Debuts At #1 Around The World|date=2008-05-11|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Sugarcain Entertainment}}</ref>


During its first day of release in the Netherlands, ''Hard Candy'' sold over 60,000 copies, earning a platinum certification. The album also received a Gold certification on its first day of release, selling over 15,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.www.theloquitur.com/media/storage/paper226/news/2008/04/24/AE/hard-Candy.Cracks.The.Charts-3366841.shtml|title='Hard Candy" cracks the charts|date=2008-04-28|accessdate=2008-08-02|last=Michaluk|first=Christina|work=The Loquitur|publisher=mtvU}}</ref> Furthermore, after only two days of release, Hard Candy debuted at number one on the French albums chart, selling 38.000 copies. It also debuted at number one on the [[Oricon]] weekly album chart in Japan, selling about 55,462 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/search/result.php?kbn=ja&types=rnk&year=2008&month=5&week=2&submit5.x=19&submit5.y=15|title=検索結果-ORICON STYLE アーティスト/CD検索|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Oricon}}</ref>
At the same time as the Goodwins were planning to dramatically expand the Market, the farmers began increasingly to complain about it. They wanted the per-day stall rental fee cut from $0.20 to $0.10, which they were granted. They complained about having to haul produce up the bluff from Western Avenue, and unsuccessfully demanded a mechanical conveyor. Complaints about overcrowding were constant. The farmers also wanted a wooden planked floor set up directly below the Main Arcade for storage. Quickly having grown unhappy with a lack of progress on the part of the city, the farmers used Washington State's then new [[Ballot initiative#Initiative in the United States|ballot initiative system]] to obtain a $150,000 municipal bond issue for their desired improvements.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=30}}</ref>


''Hard Candy'' also debuted at number one on the [[UK Albums Chart]], where Madonna joined a selected group of artists to achieve ten number one albums, behind [[Elvis Presley]], with eleven, and [[The Beatles]], with fifteen.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7383141.stm | title=Madonna celebrates chart double | work=[[BBC News]] | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=2008-05-04 | accessdate=2008-05-07 }}</ref> Madonna achieved a similar feat in [[Australia]], where it became her seventh album to reach number one on the [[ARIA Albums Chart]]. The album was certified gold in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/chartifacts.htm|title=Chartifacts&nbsp;— Week Commencing: May 4, 2008|date=2008-05-04|accessdate=2008-05-09|work=ARIA}}</ref> "4 Minutes" has also remained in the Australian Top Ten for over eleven weeks.
Seattle Mayor [[George Cotterill]], an engineer, was not in favor of some of the farmer's plans and the idea of such a large muncipal bond. Cotterill appointed a committee to study the various requests and complaints of the farmers, and the committee came to the conclusion that the planned floor expansion and conveyor system the farmers wanted would be unsanitary, difficult to maintain, and far more expensive than they had projected. In response, Cotterill drafted an alternate ballot initiative, for a $25,000 municipal bond. Cotterill's initiative would result in Pike Place becoming a paved road rather than the wood road it currently was, would expand the sidewalks along the arcades by 15 feet, and would improve all the Market roadsides for wagon stalls and tables, placing them all under roofing. On March 13, 1913, Seattle voters rejected the farmer initiative, and passed the mayor's initiative. The first major expansion work on the Market began immediately.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=30}}</ref>


According to [[Nielsen SoundScan]], ''Hard Candy'' sold 100,000 copies in the United States upon its first day of release.<ref name ="billboard0507">{{ cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003796943 | title=First day sales put Madonna on track for 7th No. 1 | work=[[Billboard.com]] | publisher=[[Nielsen Company]] | author=Keith Caulfield | date=2008-04-30 | accessdate=2008-05-07 }}</ref> It debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] with over 280,000 copies sold. ''Hard Candy'' became her seventh number one album, making her the female artist with the second most number one albums, behind only [[Barbra Streisand]].<ref name="billboard0507"/> It was certified [[Gold]] on June 4, 2008, a month after its release. <ref name="riaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=3&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=madonna&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=Gold & Platinum Database&nbsp;–Madonna|date=2008-06-04|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=RIAA}}.</ref>
[[Image:Pike Place Market from Western Avenue in Seattle.jpg|thumb|Pike Place Market in 2008, as seen from above Western Avenue. The top floor, above the painted text, is street level with Pike Place. The historic "Main Arcade" is on that level, and below this building a large bluff extends down to Western Avenue, which is the visible street level.]]
In 1914, spurred by the public initiative of the preceding year, the Goodwins implemented the expansion plans they had been preparing for the Market properties they owned. The Main Arcade was expanded downward, along Pike Place's sheer bluff to Western Avenue below, creating five additional lower floors in a massive, "labyrinthine" structure. By the time the expansions were completed, Pike Place Market extended 240 feet to the west, past the edge of the bluff. New space was created for several restaurants, bakeries, a creamery, butchers, additional stalls and rows in the lower sections for farmers to sell their goods, grain markets, public toilets, two floors dedicated to storage of meats and produce, 100 retail stores, a theater, and a printing plant. The entire expansion was done modestly, aside from its scale. The basic design elements were steel and wood beams, simple railings of rounded metal, basic wooden banisters, and simple wood and tile floors. Frank Goodwin had wanted always to emphasize the Market's products, rather than its design. There was, at the time. little ornamentation, except for ornate columns at the Pike and Pike Place entrance, and occasional carved reliefs of seafood or produce on the various columns throughout the Market. Goodwin even went so far as to exclude a ceremonial cornerstone from the Market design.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=32-33}}</ref>


In [[Latin America]] the album was also well-received, reaching number nineteen on the [[AMPROFON|Mexican Top 100 Albums]] chart based on three-day sales alone,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greaves.tv/amprofon3/Top100.pdf|title=Semana Del 07 al 13 de Julio de 2008|date=2008-13-07|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas}}
* 1916: Goodwins buy the Bartell Building at First & Pike turning it into the Economy Market.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=33}}</ref>
</ref> and after three weeks in the chart, the album has peaked at number four.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mexicancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Madonna&titel=Hard+Candy&cat=a|title=Madonna–Hard Candy (2008)|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=mexicancharts.com|publisher=eMedia Jungen}}</ref>. In [[Argentina]], after debuting at number-four based on shipments, it climbed to number one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?CodOp=ESVP|title=Ranking Quincenal de Venta al Público|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=CAPIF&nbsp;— Representando a la Industria Argentina de la Música}}</ref>


In [[New Zealand]] ''Hard Candy'' debuted and peaked at number five and only managed to stay on the chart for nine weeks. <ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.madonna-charts.com/hardcandy/hardcandy.htm Hard Candy around the world<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===1917-1920s===
* Life in the early market under the Goodwins, concluding with Frank selling the business to Arthur.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shorrett|2007|p=34-35}}</ref>


So far, ''Hard Candy'' has sold approximately 654,000 copies in the United States and over 3 million copies worldwide in just 5 months.


==Formats==
---
* CD&nbsp;— containing the 12-track album.
* CD Japanese Edition&nbsp;— 13-track edition including the bonus track "Ring My Bell".
* CD Limited Collectors Edition Candy Box&nbsp;— 14-track edition containing the album, two exclusive "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" remixes in a hinged DVD-sized "Candy" box with a 16-page booklet and approximately 35 Starlite Mint candies packaged in clear cello bag.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.play.com/Music/CD/4-/5345781/Hard-Candy/Product.html|title=Hard Candy (Special Edition w/ Starlite Mints Candy)|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=play.com}}</ref>
* CD Philippine Edition&nbsp;— Disc available in blue ripple and a rare pink ripple (first pressing only).
* LP Limited Edition&nbsp;— full length 12-track album on two pink & white and blue & white "candy swirled" vinyl discs, plus a DJ Remix 12" (on black vinyl) with two exclusive-to-this set remixes of "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" by Tracy Young and Peter Rauhofer, and a bonus CD of the album housed in a plain white cd sleeve, all housed in a three-pocket deluxe gatefold Stoughton jacket. A misprint was released in Europe mainly by the CD retailing store [[HMV]]. The misprint consisted of the original album (like the USA release) on 3 vinyl discs, but the main color of the album itself was plain pink and plain blue respectively. This version of the album is highly desired by Madonna collectors everywhere and can range from $70-$100 [[USD]] on sites such as [[eBay|Ebay]] and [[Amazon.com]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatrecords.co.uk/items/46192.htm|title=Hard Candy Limited Edition Colured Vinyl 3LP Set + Bonus CD album|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=What Records}}</ref>
* [[iTunes]] Deluxe Pre-order version&nbsp;— 16-track edition containing the album, two "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" remixes, bonus track "Ring My Bell", digital booklet and a "Give It 2 Me" remix.
* iTunes Pre-order version&nbsp;— 13-track edition containing the album, digital booklet and bonus track "Ring My Bell".
* Deluxe Digital version&nbsp;— 15-track edition containing the album, two "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" remixes, digital booklet and a "[[Give It 2 Me]]" remix.
* Digital version&nbsp;— 12-track edition containing the album and digital booklet.
* Vodafone Exclusive&nbsp;— from April 21, 2008, seven tracks from the album were released at a rate of one a day counting down the week before the album was available. Each track remained live for 24 hours for download before being replaced by the next one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mad.co.uk/BreakingNews/BreakingNews/Articles/4567f4f41edc4552bbaf18e4d21b30bc/Madonna-to-release-album-on-Vodafone.html|title=Madonna to release album on Vodafone|date=2008-03-18|accessdate=2008-08-02|last=Varley|first=Melinda|work=mad.co.uk|publisher=Centaur Communications Ltd. }}</ref>


==Track Listing==
* 1921: City council vote, market control goes to farmer vendors.
# "Candy Shop" <small>([[Pharrell|P. Williams]], Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 4:15
# "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]" (featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Timbaland]]) <small>(Madonna, [[Timbaland|T. Mosley]], [[Justin Timberlake|J. Timberlake]], [[Danja|N. Hills]])</small>&nbsp;— 4:03
# "[[Give It 2 Me]]" <small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 4:48
# "Heartbeat" <small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 4:04
# "[[Miles Away (Madonna song)|Miles Away]]" <small>(Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills)</small>&nbsp;— 4:49
# "She's Not Me" (Guitar work by Wendy Melvoin)<small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 6:05
# "Incredible" <small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 6:20
# "Beat Goes On" (featuring [[Kanye West]] and [[Pharrell]]) <small>(P. Williams, Madonna, K. West)</small>&nbsp;— 4:26
# "Dance 2night" (feat. Justin Timberlake) <small>(Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, H. Lane)</small>&nbsp;— 5:03
# "Spanish Lesson" <small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 3:40
# "Devil Wouldn't Recognize You" <small>(Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, [[Joe Henry|J. Henry]])</small>&nbsp;— 5:09
# "Voices" <small>(Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, H. Lane)</small>&nbsp;— 3:39


===Bonus tracks===
* 1922: last building changes to the present 2008 form that remains.
*iTunes Deluxe Pre-order Version, iTunes Pre-order Version & Japanese CD Version:
#<li value="13"> "Ring My Bell" <small>(P. Williams, Madonna)</small>&nbsp;— 3:58


*iTunes Deluxe Pre-order Version, Deluxe Digital Version:<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPreorder?id=276716834&s=143441 | title=iTunes: Hard Candy Deluxe Version) | publisher=iTunes | accessdate=2008-04-23 }}</ref>
* 1922: market library opens.
#<li value="13"> "4 Minutes (Bob Sinclar Space Funk Edit)"&nbsp;— 3:23
# "4 Minutes (Junkie XL Remix Edit)"&nbsp;— 4:38
# "Give It 2 Me (Paul Oakenfold Edit)"&nbsp;— 4:59


*CD Limited Collectors Edition Candy Box:
* 1926: market replacement plan rejected
#<li value="13"> "4 Minutes (Tracy Young House Edit)"&nbsp;— 3:33
# "4 Minutes (Rebirth Remix Edit)"&nbsp;— 3:42


*LP Limited Edition:
* 1926: Art Goodwin buys buildings from Frank.
#<li value="13"> "4 Minutes (Tracy Mixshow)"&nbsp;— 6:19
# "4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York)"&nbsp;— 10:52


==Album credits==
* 1927: the modern signs and clock go up
===Production===
*Executive Producer: Madonna
*Tracks 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and "Ring My Bell": Produced by [[The Neptunes]]. Co-produced by Madonna.
*Tracks 2, 5, 11, 12: Produced by Timbaland, Justin Timberlake and Danja.
*Track 9: Produced by Timbaland and Justin Timberlake. Co-produced by Hannon Lane. Additional Production by Demacio "Demo" Castellon.
*Track 12: Co-produced by Hannon Lane.
*"4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York Edit)" and "4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York)": Remix by [[Peter Rauhofer]] for Unique Productions. Additional Production by Eric Kupper.
*"4 Minutes (Junkie XL Remix Edit)": Produced, MIxed and Mastered by [[Junkie XL]] in the Computer Hell Cabin. Additional Sound Design by André Ettema and Sam Estes.
*"Give It 2 Me (Paul Oakenfold Edit)": Remix by [[Paul Oakenfold]]. Additional Production by Ian Green.
*"4 Minutes (Tracy Young House Edit)" and "4 Minutes (Tracy Mixshow)": Produced and Remixed by Tracy Young. Additional Production by Joseph Carrano.
*"4 Minutes (Rebirth Remix Edit)": Produced by Demacio "Demo" Castellon. Additional Production and Remixing by Vincent di Pasquale and Larry Grant.


===Personnel===
* 1929: farmer protests vs "full time" vendors and stores
*Vocals: Madonna
*Track 2: Vocals by Madonna, Justin Timberlake, Timbaland
*Track 8: Rap by Kanye West
*Additional Vocals: Pharrell Williams
*Tracks 5, 9, 11, 12: Background Vocals: Justin Timberlake
*Recorded by Spike Stent, Andrew Coleman and Alex Dromgoole at [[Sarm Studios]], London
*Recording Assistants: Graham Archer and Nate Herwick
*Mixed by Spike Stent and Andrew Coleman at the Record Plant, CA
*Engineered by Anthony Asher
*Tracks 2, 5, 11, 12: Recorded by Marella "Ms. Lago" Araica and Demacio "Demo" Castellon
*Programmed and Mixed by Demacio "Demo" Castellon
*Assistant Engineers: Julian Vasquez, Vadim Chislov, Graham Archer and Fareed Salamah
*SCE Assistants: José and Joseph Castellon
*Track 9: Recorded by Demacio "Demo" Castellon
*Guitars: Justin Timberlake, Dan Warner, [[Wendy Melvoin]], Darrell Pearson and Monte Pittman
*Keyboards: Hannon Lane and Danja
*Drums: Timbaland
*Bass: Darrell Pearson
*Scratching: DJ Remo
*Protools Editing: Ron Taylor
*Strings: Stevie Blacke
*Mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound
*Photography by [[Steven Klein]]
*Art Direction by Giovanni Blanco
*Management: [[Guy Oseary]]


==Certifications, peaks and sales==
===Great Depression era===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
1935: Economy building hosts a dance hall for the first time
!align="left"|Country/Region
!align="left"|Peak<br />position
!align="left"|Certification
!align="left"|Sales/shipments
|-
|Argentina
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| 2x Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Madonna&album=Hard+Candy&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=P&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP|title=Discos de Oro y Platino|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=CAPIF - Representando a la Industria Argentina de la Música}}</ref>
|align="center"| 80,000+
|-
|Australia
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_physical_album.asp?chart=1A50|title=Top 50 Albums Chart|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=ARIA}}</ref>
|align="center"| 70,000+
|-
|Austria
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold<ref name="madcharts">{{cite web|url=http://madonna-charts.com/hardcandy/hardcandy.htm|title=Hard Candy around the world|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Madonna on the World Charts}}</ref>
|align="center"| 10,000+
|-
|Belgium
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a|title=ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=ultratop}}]</ref>
|align="center"| 30,000+
|-
|Canada
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name="madcharts"/>
|align="center"| 155,000+
|-
|Czech Republic
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name="madcharts"/>
|align="center"| 10,000+
|-
|Denmark
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlisten.nu/|title=Album Top-40|date=2008-08-01|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=hitlisten.nu}}</ref>
|align="center"| 30,000+
|-
|Europe
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.amprofon.com.mx/certificaciones.php?artista=Madonna&titulo=&disquera=&certificacion=todas&anio=todos&categoria=todas&Submitted=Buscar&item=menuCert&contenido=buscar Certificaciones<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center"| 1,400,000+
|-
|Finland
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold<ref name="madcharts"/>
|align="center"| 20,000+
|-
|France
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name="madcharts"/>
|align="center"| 204,000+
|-
|Germany
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank.html|title=Gold/Platin-Datenbank|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Bundesverband Musikindustrie}}</ref>
|align="center"| 200,000+
|-
|Greece
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.gr/chart01.htm|title=Top 50 Ξένων Aλμπουμ|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=IFPI}}</ref>
|align="center"| 15,000+
|-
|Hungary
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| <ref>[http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=arany_es_platinalemezek&menu2=adatbazis&ev=2008 mahasz.hu - Arany- és platinalemezek<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center"|
|-
|Ireland
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum
|align="center"| 30,000+
|-
|Italy
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| 2x Platinum
|align="center"| 162,000+
|-
|Japan
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name="madcharts"/>
|align="center"| 253,000+
|-
|Mexico
|align="center"| 3
|align="center"| Platinum<ref name=autogenerated2 />
|align="center"| 80,000+
|-
|New Zealand
|align="center"| 5<!--- WHOEVER KEEPS CHANGING THIS TO NUMBER ONE IS WRONG, IT HAS ALSO NOT BEEN CERTIFIED GOLD, LOOK AT THE LINK IT IS PROOF THAT YOU ARE WRONG --->
|align="center"| <ref name=autogenerated1 />
|align="center"| 7,500+
|-
|The Netherlands
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>[http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461#resultaat NVPI, de branchevereniging van de entertainmentindustrie - Goud/Platina<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center"| 75,000+
|-
|Norway
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"| <ref>[http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm IFPI Norsk platebransje<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center"|
|-
|Poland
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>[http://www.zpav.pl/plyty.asp?page=zlote&lang=pl Związek Producentów Audio-Video :: Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center"| 30,000+
|-
|Portugal
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold
|align="center"| 10,000+
|-
|Serbia
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum
|align="center"| 6,000+
|-
|Slovakia
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum
|align="center"| 6,000+
|-
|Slovenia
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum
|align="center"| 3,000+
|-
|South Korea
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold
|align="center"| 4,000+
|-
|Spain
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.org/listassemanales/albumes/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES-%20Week%2039.pdf|title=Spain Top 100 Albums Chart|accessdate=2008-10-01|work=PROMUSICAE}}</ref>
|align="center"| 40,000
|-
|Sweden
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/|title=Veckolista Album&nbsp;— Vecka 31, 31 juli 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-02|work=Sverige Topplistan|publisher=Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening}}</ref>
|align="center"| 20,000+
|-
|Switzerland
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=a|title=SWISS CHARTS&nbsp;— ALBUMS TOP 100|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community}}</ref>
|align="center"| 40,000+
|-
|Turkey
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold
|align="center"| 17,000+
|-
|United Kingdom
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=22&storycode=1034836|title=Coldplay still top in static top three|date=2008-07-14|accessdate=2008-08-02|last=Jones|first=Alan|work=Music Week|publisher=CMPi Ltd}}</ref>
|align="center"| 300,000+
|-
|United States
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| Gold<ref name="riaa"/>
|align="center"| 651,127<ref name="madcharts"/><!--To-Date SoundScan; Through 10/11/08 Issue; Hard Candy: 651,127-->
|-
|}


==Release history==
1938: Mark Tobey begins his art of the market
{|class="wikitable"
! Region
! Date
|-
| [[Netherlands]]
| rowspan="10"|April 25, 2008
|-
| [[Poland]]
|-
| [[Finland]]
|-
| [[France]]
|-
| [[Worldwide]]
|-
| [[Singapore]]
|-
| [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|-
| [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Thailand]]
|-
| [[Germany]]
|-
| [[Australia]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.warnermusic.com.au/newsfeature,conmap,314975 | title='Hard Candy' Delicious New Madonna Album | publisher=[[Warner Music Australasia]] | accessdate=2008-03-14 }}</ref>
| April 26, 2008
|-
| [[Brazil]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2523617&ID=C935B0BF7D804150E02000918| title='Hard Candy' New Madonna Album | accessdate=2008-04-21 }}</ref>
| rowspan="5"| April 28, 2008
|-
| [[Israel]]
|-
| [[Philippines]]
|-
| [[Portugal]]
|-
| [[Greece]]
|-
| [[United Kingdom]]
|-
| [[Canada]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.amazon.ca/Hard-Candy-Madonna/dp/B0015D3Z4O/ | title=Amazon.ca: Hard Candy: Madonna: Music | publisher=[[Amazon.com]] | accessdate=2008-03-14 }}</ref>
| rowspan="6"| April 29, 2008
|-
| [[Chile]]
|-
| [[Argentina]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.musimundo.com/Default.aspx?pId=7063004988492 | title= Hard Candy&nbsp;– Madonna | accessdate = 2008-04-28 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Mexico]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=https://www.mixup.com.mx/mixup/product.asp?sku=93624988496&dept_id=1&subdept_id=71 | title=MixUp.com: Preventas > Madonna | publisher=MixUp | accessdate=2008-04-22 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Romania]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.europafm.ro/showbiz/vedete/candy-shop-este-piesa-preferata-a-madonnei-de-pe-albumul-hard-candy~n15900/| title="Candy Shop" is Madonna's favourite track from the "Hard Candy" album| publisher=EuropaFM.ro | accessdate=2008-09-04 }}</ref>
|-
| [[United States]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.amazon.com/Hard-Candy-Madonna/dp/B0015D3Z4O/ | title=Amazon.com: Hard Candy: Madonna: Music | publisher=[[Amazon.com]] | accessdate=2008-03-14 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Japan]]<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.madonnatribe.com/news/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1747 | title= Japanese Candy On April 30 | publisher=Madonna Tribe News | date=2008-02-26 | accessdate=2008-03-14 }}</ref>
|April 30, 2008
|-
| [[Russia]]
| rowspan="2"|May 5, 2008
|-
| [[Ukraine]]
|-
| [[Turkey]]
|May 9, 2008
|-
| [[United Kingdom]]
|May 12, 2008
|-
| [[Portugal]]
|May 19, 2008 (Special Edition CD)
|-
| [[United States]]
|June 10, 2008 (Vinyl)
|}


==References==
Market's role in the Depression
{{reflist|3}}


{{start box}}
===World War II era===
{{succession box
1941: enter Joe Desimone
|title=[[Irish Album Chart]] [[Number-one albums of 2008 (Ireland)|number-one album]]

|before=''25 Years - 25 Songs'' by [[Mary Black]]
1941-42: Sanitary building fire days after [[Pearl Harbor]] attacks, loss of Japanese farmers and vendors, "yellow scare" in Seattle in the context of the market (Washington had one of the largest Japanese populations at the time)
|after=''The Two of Us'' by [[Christie Hennessy]]

|years=April 29, 2008}}
By the 1940s, more than two-thirds of the stalls in Pike Place Market were owned by [[Japanese-American]]s. Following the [[bombing of Pearl Harbor]] December 7, 1941, President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signed [[United States Executive Order 9066|Executive Order 9066]] February 19, 1942, which forced all Americans of Japanese ancestry in the "exclusion zone" of western [[Washington]], western [[Oregon]], [[California]], and southern [[Arizona]] into internment camps in California. Their property, including any stalls at Pike Place, was confiscated and sold.
{{succession box

|title=[[UK Album Chart]] [[List of number-one albums (UK)|number-one album]]
1942: Curtis brothel in the La Salle
|before=''[[The Age of the Understatement]]'' by [[The Last Shadow Puppets]]

|after=''[[Jumping All Over the World]]'' by [[Scooter (band)|Scooter]]
1946, through 1949: death of Desimone, market business declines from suburban expansion and car life
|years=May 4, 2008 - May 11, 2008}}

{{succession box
===Market threatened===
|title=[[ARIA Charts|Australian ARIA Albums Chart]] [[Number-one albums of 2008 (Australia)|number-one album]]
1950: Harlan Edwards proposes replacing the market with a parking garage, plan is scuttled.
|before=''[[Rattlin' Bones]]'' by [[Kasey Chambers]] and [[Shane Nicholson (singer)|Shane Nicholson]]

|after=''[[Waltzing Matilda (album)|Waltzing Matilda]]'' by [[André Rieu]] and [[Mirusia]]
1951: Market vendor rates at all-time low
|years=May 5, 2008 - May 12, 2008}}

{{succession box
1953: Viaduct is built, market gets "seedy"
|title=[[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] [[Number-one albums of 2008 (U.S.)|number-one album]]

|before=''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'' by [[Mariah Carey]]
In 1963, a proposal was floated to demolish Pike Place Market and replace it with ''Pike Plaza'', which would include a [[hotel]], an [[apartment building]], four [[office building]]s, a [[hockey]] arena, and a [[parking garage]]. This was supported by the [[mayor]], many on the [[city council]], and a number of market property owners. However, there was significant community opposition, including help from [[Betty Bowen]], [[Victor Steinbrueck]], and others from the board of Friends of the Market, and an [[initiative]] was passed on [[November 2]], [[1971]] that created a [[historic preservation]] zone and returned the Market to public hands. The Pike Place Market Preservation and Development Authority was created by the city to run the Market.
|after=''[[Home Before Dark]]'' by [[Neil Diamond]]

|years=May 11, 2008 - May 17, 2008}}
Hippies & the rise of crafts in the Market
{{succession box

|title=United World Chart number-one albums
1968: Another parking lot proposal and battle is defeated.
|before=''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'' by [[Mariah Carey]]

|after=''[[Here I Stand (Usher album)|Here I Stand]]'' by [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]]
Over the course of the 1970s, all the Market's historic buildings were restored and renovated using the original plans and blueprints and appropriate materials.
|years=May 17, 2008 - June 7, 2008}}

{{end box}}
===Preservation and second expansion of the Market===
53,000 sign petitions in 1969 to save the market

1970, the historic district is created. Starbucks opens

1973: The PDA is formed

1974: Warren G. Magnuson arranges US$60 million in federal funds to go with US$75 million in private money to save and rebuild the market

1977: Senior center opens.

1978: Victor Steinbrueck Park

1980: Market Authority buys 80% of the market land footprint

===New York ownership battle===
[[Image:Pike-place-market.jpg|thumb|left|Pike Place Market, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue]]
In the 1980s, federal welfare reform squeezed the social services based in the Market. As a result, a nonprofit group, the Pike Place Market Foundation, was established by the PDA to raise funds and administer the Market's free clinic, senior center, low-income housing, and childcare center.

1980: Urban Group in NYC first aligns with the PDA to raise capital

The 1983 Hildt Amendment (named after [[Seattle City Council]] member Michael Hildt) struck a balance between farmers and craftspeople in the daystalls. The precise formula it laid out stood for over 15 years, and it set the precedent for today's allocation of daystalls, in that it gave craftspeople priority in the North Arcade and farmers priority elsewhere.<ref>Mark Worth, [http://www.seattleweekly.com/1998-05-27/news/daystalled-again/ Daystalled again], ''Seattle Weekly'', May 27, 1998. Accessed 10 October 2008.</ref>

Also in the 1980s the wooden floors on the top arcade were replaced with tiles (so as to prevent water damage to merchandise on the lower floors) that were laid by the PDA after staging a hugely successful capital campaign - people could pay US$35 to have their name(s) inscribed on a tile. Between 1985 and 1987, more than 45,000 tiles were installed and nearly 1.6 million dollars was raised.

1986: enter Rachel

1989: the garage is completed

1991: Urban group is defeated in court for attempting to foreclose on and hijack the Market from the PDA deals it struck

===Modern day===
[[Image:Seattle Steinbrueck Park - B.jpg|thumb|300 px|Victor Steinbrueck Park, September 2006]]
1998: End of the Hildt Amendment era, vendors' strike, etc. and emergence of a new consensus rather similar to Hildt.

[[Victor Steinbrueck Park]], directly north of the market, was named in 1985 after the architect who was instrumental in the market's preservation.

Pigs on Parade

====Centennial====
[[Image:Pike Place Market 100th Anniversary concert 02A.jpg|thumb|left|Pike Place Market Centennial celebration, August 17, 2007: start of concert]]
Pike Place Market celebrated its 100 year anniversary on August 17, 2007. A wide variety of activities and events took place, and a concert was held in Victor Steinbrueck Park in the evening.<ref>[http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/site.asp?p=centennialcelebration 100 Years, 100% Seattle], Pike Place Market, 2007. Accessed online 1 February 2008.</ref>

==How the Market functions==
===Organizations===
The Pike Place Market is overseen by the Pike Place Market Preservation & Development Authority ("the PDA"), a [[public development authority]] (a form of [[government-owned corporation]] established under Washington State law. It is overseen by a 12-member volunteer council. Its members serve four-year terms. Four members are appointed by mayor, four by the current council, and four by the Pike Place Market Constituency. The Market PDA sets the policies by which the Pike Place Market is managed and hires an executive director to carry out those policies.<ref>[http://www.seattle.gov/html/citizen/pda.htm Public Development Authorities], City of Seattle. Accessed online 6 October 2008.</ref><ref name="Market organizations official">[http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/site.asp?p=marketorganizations Market organizations], official Pike Place Market site. Accessed online 6 October 2008.</ref>

Established in 1973, the PDA manages 80% of the properties in the city-recognized Market Historical District. Its founding law—the Market Charter—requires it to preserve, rehabilitate and protect the Market's buildings; increase opportunities for farm and food retailing in the Market; incubate and support small and marginal businesses; and provide services for low-income people. PDA revenues derive from the Market's tenants through rent, utilities, and other property management activities.<ref name="Market organizations official" />
<ref name="Market organizations merchant">[http://www.pikeplacemerchantsassociation.com/organizations.html Organizations Directory], Pike Place Merchants Association. Accessed online 6 October 2008.</ref>

The same 1973 charter that established the PDA also established the Pike Place Market Constituency. The Constituency elects one member to the PDA Council each year. Anyone 16 years of age or older who lives in Washington State, can become a member of the Constituency by paying US$1 yearly dues.<ref name="Market organizations official" /><ref name="Market organizations merchant" />

Operating independently of the PDA, the Market Historical Commission (established by the 1971 initiative to preserve the Market) has the specific mandate to preserve the Market's physical and social character as "the soul of Seattle."<ref>[http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/pikeplace.htm Pike Place Market Historical District], Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. Accessed 7 October 2008.</ref> The Commission must approve any substantive change in the use or design of buildings and signage in the Historical District, even when these actions are taken by the PDA itself. Members of the 12-member commission are appointed to three-year terms by the mayor. At any time, the commission consists of two members each from the Friends of the Market, Inc., [[Allied Arts of Seattle]], Inc., and the Seattle chapter of the [[American Institute of Architects]]; two owners of property within the District; two Market merchants, and two District residents. They meet 22 times a year. The Seattle Department of Neighborhoods provides them with a staff person, and the city's Department of Design, Construction and Land Use (DCLU) can enforce their decisions.<ref name=Jones-5>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=5 (p. 17 of the PDF)}}</ref>

Another key organization in the affairs of the Market is the Pike Place Merchants Association.<ref name=merchants-mission>[http://www.pikeplacemerchantsassociation.com/ Mission Statement], Pike Place Merchants Association. Accessed online 6 October 2008.</ref> Officially incorporated in 1973,<ref name=Jones-22>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=22 (p. 34 of the PDF)}}</ref> it traces its history back to the Farm Association established in the 1920s. The Association connects market vendors to legal, accounting, bookkeeping, business insurance, and health insurance services<ref name=merchants-mission /> and provides free online advertising for its members. It also represents its members and attempts to advance their interests and opinions. All PDA tenants are required to be members; daystall vendors also have the option to join.<ref name=Jones-22 /> Since 1974, the Association has published the monthly ''Pike Place Market News'', which promotes the Market and its neighborhood.<ref name="Market organizations merchant" /> For over three decades, the Association sponsored a [[Memorial Day]] fair at the market; financial difficulties caused cancellation of the fair in 2004.<ref>Kathy Mulady, [http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/175378_market28.html Pike Place Market's money woes cancel annual Memorial Day festival], ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', May 28, 2004. Accessed online 7 October 2008.</ref>

A separate Daystall Tenants Association (DTA) formed in the late 1980s to represent the specific interests of daystall vendors. The DTA formed in response to proposed increases in daystall rental rates. Most members pay a US$2 annual membership fee; the fee is optional. The DTA meets on the Desimone Bridge in the Market at least once each quarter and "as needed". Similarly, the United Farmers Coalition (UFC) formed in 1998 to represent daystall farmers who sell produce, flower, and processed food; the UFC represents only these food vendors, as against craft vendors.<ref name=Jones-22 /> The Pike Market Performers' Guild, founded 2001, represents Market street performers.<ref>[http://www.pikemarketbuskers.org/ Home page], Pike Market Performers' Guild official site. Accessed online 7 October 2008.</ref> Among its members are [[Artis the Spoonman]] and [[Jim Page]].<ref>[http://www.pikemarketbuskers.org/buskers.html Meet the Members of the Pike Market Performers' Guild], Pike Market Performers' Guild official site. Accessed online 7 October 2008.</ref>

Friends of the Market, which spun out of Allied Arts in 1964 and over the next seven years spearheaded the activist work that saved the Market<ref>[http://www.lib.washington.edu/SpecialColl/findaids/docs/papersrecords/FriendsoftheMarketSeattleWash1985.xml Preliminary Guide to the Friends of the Market Records 1963-1971], University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 7 October 2008.</ref> is no longer a driving force in the Market. Still, as noted above, they have two seats on the Historical Commission. The also give tours of the Market.<ref>[http://seattle.wheretraveler.com/near/30/39889 Museums + Attractions Near Pike Place Market in Seattle], wheretraveler.com. Accessed online 7 October 2008.</ref>

The Market Foundation (established 1982) was originally founded to support the Market's services for low-income people. The foundation now also supports heritage programs, improvements and repairs to historic buildings, and programs that assist the Market's farmers.<ref name=Foundation>[http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/site.asp?p=marketfoundation Market Foundation], official Pike Place Market site. Accessed online 6 October 2008.</ref>

===Conflicts and policies===
The PDA is a public trustee charged with many potentially conflicting goals. Its charter mandates it to "ensure that the traditional character of the Public Market is preserved." It is specifically mandated to

<blockquote>...afford... a continuing opportunity for Public Market farmers, merchants, residents, shoppers, and visitors to carry on their tradition and market activities... upgrad[e] structures and public amenities... initiate programs to expand food retailing in the Market Historical District, especially the sale of local farm produce; to preserve and expand the residential community, especially for low-income people; to promote the survival and predominance of small shops, marginal businesses, thrift shops, arts and crafts, and other enterprises, activities, and services which are essential to the functioning of the Public Market.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=3 (p. 15 of the PDF)}}</ref></blockquote>

The City Auditor's office has stated that there is an "inherent conflict... between the PDA's need to operate the Market as a successful business entity and its Charter obligation to support small owner-operated tenant businesses."<ref>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=40 (p. 52 of the PDF)}}</ref> As early as 1974, a Seattle Department of Community Development study noted space conflicts between farmers and craft vendors.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=12 (p. 24 of the PDF)}}</ref> Further, the farmers who were the Market's original ''raison d'etre'' do not necessarily do well when the Market becomes more of a tourist attraction than venue for shopping for produce and groceries.<ref name="Seattle Times May 27 2008">{{cite web|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004440068_pikeplace27m.html|title=Pike Place Market becoming less-fertile ground for farmers|publisher=Seattle Times|year=2008|accessdate=2007-05-27}}</ref> "The Market," wrote the City Auditor's office,
<blockquote> can be “lost” in either of two ways: It can stray from its traditional character or it can fail financially as a business entity. If the Market is to survive and thrive as a business entity in the face of increasing competition from other farmers’ markets, modern full-service grocery stores, and retail shopping destinations in Seattle’s Central Business District, the PDA must strike a balance between the Market’s original old-world market character and modern business practices.<ref>{{Harvnb|Jones|1999|p=34 (p. 46 of the PDF)}}</ref></blockquote>

>> distinguish stores, daystalls

The Market's "Meet the Producer" mandate now includes craftspeople as well as farmers. Both can rent daystalls. Farmers take historic precedence, but the PDA "acknowledges the rightful and permanent position of handmade arts and crafts as an integral use of the Market's Daystalls" and their rules seek to encourage a lively mix.<ref name=regs-3>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=3}}</ref> Some "grandfathered" vendors are allowed to sell merchandise not of their own making on essentially the same terms as craftspeople.<ref name=regs-4>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=4}}</ref> Currently, there are rules to make sure that new crafts vendors demonstrate themselves to be skilled craftspeople making their own wares with minimal use of assistants.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=29–33, 46–53}}</ref>

A standard Farm Table consists of two adjacent daystalls; a standard Craft Table is a single daystall. Daystalls are between {{convert|4|ft|m}} and {{convert|5.5|ft|m}} wide. Craftspeople have priority on the Desimone Bridge, the west side of the Market arcade north of the Desimone Bridge and the outdoor slabs between the arcade and Virginia Street; farmers have priority everywhere else. If farmers do not fill their priority tables, craftspeople may rent those, and ''vice versa''.<ref name=regs-4 /> Priority is further set by separate seniority lists, one for farmers and one for craftspeople.<ref name=regs-6>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=6}}</ref> For farmers, other factors besides seniority come into play, mainly how often the person sells at the Market. Farmers can pass permits through their family.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=26–28}}</ref> The rules for joint and family crafts businesses are far more complex.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=30–33}}</ref>

While farmers and craftspeople may make some use of "agents" to sell on their behalf (including vendors functioning on different days as one another's agents), in order to maintain their seniority farmers must be physically present one day a week and craftspeople two days a week. To sell on a Saturday, vendors must sell at the Market a minimum of two weekdays of the preceding week. There are also allowances for taking vacations and sabbaticals without losing one's seniority. Senior Crafts Permit Holders—craftspeople who have sold in the Market for 30 years or more—need only rent (and use) a daystall once a week to maintain their seniority.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=11–13, 16}}</ref>

The definition of permitted farm products includes (among other items) produce, flowers, eggs, cultivated mushrooms, meat, cultured shellfish, and dairy products. There is also a broader category of supplemental farm products such as wild-harvested berries and mushrooms, non-edible bee products, or holiday wreaths. These may be sold in conjunction with permitted farm products, but there are strict limitations to prevent these from becoming anyone's primary products. Rules vary significantly at different times of year.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=24–26}}</ref>

Farmers, craftspeople, and performers all must pay for an annual permit. As of 2008, the fee is $35 for farmers and craftspeople, $30 for performers. Craftspeople who vend "off season"—January through March—pay an additional $35 for a separate permit. For performers, this annual fee is their only fee. Farmers and craftspeople pay day rent for any daystalls they use. Depending on the season and the day of the week, a daystall may rent for anywhere from $5.60 for a stall on a Monday-Thursday off season to $32.60 on a Sunday in peak season. There are also separate rents for lockers and coolers.<ref name=regs-7>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=7}}</ref>

Compared to farmers and craftspeople, performers have a lesser role in the Market, but still one formally recognized by the PDA. "The PDA's mission with regard to performers is to maintain locations within the Market where performing artists may entertain Market shoppers in a fashion consistent with and complimentary (''sic'') to the needs of the Market's commercial business activities and Market residents.<ref name=regs-3 /> Performers may receive donations and may display their recordings for sale, but prohibited from active solicitation of donations and from active sale of "any product associated with the performance".<ref name=regs-6 />

In keeping with their lack of day fees, individual performers are not assigned specific places and times to perform. There are only positions in a (virtual) "line" or "queue" for each marked, sanctioned performance location. Queuing runs on an honor system. Each performance is limited to one hour if any other licensed performer is waiting for the spot. Electronic amplification is not allowed, nor are brass instruments or drums. Certain performance locations are further limited to "quiet" performances where (for example) even hand-clap percussion is not allowed.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pike Place Market|2008|p=40–45}}</ref>

===Housing and social services===
The Market is also a significant provider of low-income housing and social services. The Market Foundation supports the Pike Market Medical Clinic, Pike Market Senior Center, Downtown Food Bank, and Pike Market Childcare and Preschool (all within the Market), as well as [[low-income housing]] in and near the Market. The money placed in the Market's [[#Rachel and Pigs on Parade|giant piggybank]] goes to this foundation, as do the funds raised by several annual fundraiser, including [[#Rachel and Pigs on Parade|Pigs on Parade]].<ref name=Foundation />

>> More on housing (and maybe on some of the rest of this).

There are over 500 units of low-income housing in the Market.

==Major attractions==
[[Image:Pike Pl Fish Market 2002.jpg|250px|thumb|Flying Fish attraction]]
[[Image:Fruits and Vegetables at Pike Place Market.jpg|250px|thumb|The market is famous for its displays of fruits and vegetables]]
Currently, the longest tenured vendor at the Pike Place Market is Sol Amon's Pure Food Fish. Inheriting the business from his father, Sol has donned his apron at Pure Food Fish for over fifty years. Sol's presence can often be seen outside his stall chatting with visitors and helping them choose the best fish to bring home to their families. He helps them package his special Alderwood Smoked Salmon or Copper River Salmon to enjoy in their homes after their trip. In honor of Sol, in 2006 the [[Seattle City Council]] permanently designated [[April 11]] as Sol Amon Day commemorating his 50 years of service to the market.<ref>"King Gets His Day", [http://pikeplacemerchantsassociation.com/News/April_06/ppmn_April_06_web.pdf Pike Place Market News, April 2006], Pike Place Market Merchant Association, p. 2. Accessed online 1 February 2008.</ref>

One of the Market's major attractions is [[Pike Place Fish Market]], where employees throw three-foot salmon and other [[fish]] to each other rather than passing them by hand. When a customer orders a fish, an employee at the Fish Market's ice-covered fish table picks up the fish and hurls it over the countertop, where another employee catches it and preps it for sale.

According to the employees, this tradition started when the [[fishmonger]]s got tired of having to walk out to the Market's fish table to retrieve a salmon each time someone ordered one. Eventually, the owner realized it was easier to station an employee at the table, to throw the fish over the counter. The "flying fish" have appeared in an episode of the television [[sitcom]] ''[[Frasier]]'' that was shot on location and have been featured on [[The Learning Channel]] and was also in the opening credits of [[MTV]]'s [[The Real World: Seattle]]. This attraction has also appeared on numerous prime-time installments of NFL games when the Seahawks host games at nearby Qwest Field.

[[Starbucks Coffee]] was founded near Pike Place Market, at 2000 Western Avenue, in 1971. By three partners: Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel and Gordon Bowker. They were inspired by Alfred Peet of Peet's Coffee to open the store and sell high-quality coffee beans. The first store relocated to Pike Place Market in 1976, where it is still in operation. The sign outside this branch, unlike others, features the original logo - a bare-breasted [[siren]] that was modelled after a 15th century Norse woodcut. It also features a large [[pig]] [[statue]], a landmark throughout the market.

===Rachel and Pigs on Parade===
{{main|Rachel (pig)}}
[[Image:Pike Place Piggy 2008.JPG|200px|thumb|The Pike Place Market's official bronze mascot, Rachel]]
Pike Place Market's official mascot, Rachel, a [[bronze]] cast [[piggy bank]] that weighs nearly 600 pounds, is located at the corner of Pike Place under the "Public Market Center" sign. Rachel was designed by local artist Georgia Gerber and modeled after a pig (also named Rachel) that lived on [[Whidbey Island]] and was the 1977 [[Island County]] prize-winner. Rachel receives roughly US$9,000 annually in just about every type of world currency, which is collected by the Market Foundation to fund the Market's social services. Locals make a habit of emptying their pockets and rubbing Rachel's snout for good luck.

== Notable people ==
[[Victor Steinbrueck]] was the leading architect-activist in defining the Pike Market neighborhood, and artist [[Mark Tobey]] in visualizing and recording, in developing his "Northwest Mystic" style of the internationally-recognized Northwest School of art. Internationally recognized in the 1940s, Tobey explored the neighborhood with his art in the 1950s and early 1960s,<ref>{{Harvnb|Lehmann|2001}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Long|2002}}</ref> as the area was being increasingly characterized by the Seattle Establishment as overdue for [[urban renewal]], particularly replacement with a parking garage, high-rise housing and modern, upscale retail.<ref name=Crowley-1999 /> People of city neighborhoods and citizen preservation activists struggled through the 1960s, culminating in 1971 with 2 to 1 passage of a citizen initiative for protection and citizen oversight of the core Pike Place Market that has since largely protected the neighborhood.<ref name=Crowley-1999 /><ref name=Lange-1999 /><ref name=Wilma-1999>{{Harvnb|Wilma|1999}}</ref>

[[George Rolfe]], the first director of the Pike Place Market Preservation and Development Authority (PDA), played a key role in the economic revitalization of the Market after it was saved by the 1971 referendum. It was under his management that the direction of automobile traffic on Pike Place was reversed and the pedestrian-friendly brick paving was introduced. Rolfe also emphasized the construction of pedestrian routes to the waterfront so that the Market became the center of a pedestrian network. Sol Amon, owner of Pure Food Fish, is also notable as the longest running vendor at the Pike Place Market. He was named by the Seattle City Council as "King of the Market in 2006" in commemoration of Pure Food Fish's golden anniversary. Sol, aka "The Cod Father", is a large supporter of the Market Foundation and has helped in the Foundation's efforts to fund services for low-income people. On April 11, 2006, Sol Amon Day, he donated all of the day's profits from Pure Food Fish to the Market Foundation.<ref>Erik Lacitis, [http://www.freshseafood.com/Articles_Newsletters/ArticlePage.aspx?pageId=63 Selling fish still his "first love"], originally in ''Seattle Times'', May 1, 2007, <!-- page # would be good, because it is not on ''Seattle Times'' web site --> [http://www.freshseafood.com/Articles_Newsletters/ArticlePage.aspx?pageId=63 reproduced on FreshSeafood.com], accessed there 1 February 2008.</ref>

== Notable buildings ==
[[Image:Original Starbucks.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The first Starbucks store, founded nearby in 1971, moved to its present location at Pike Place Market in 1976]]
Few of the historic buildings in the Pike-Market neighborhood are individually designated as landmarks or registered as historic places. Buildings included in the federally and locally designated historic districts gain most of the benefits that would accrue from individual designation, so there is little reason to go through the difficult process of obtaining separate designation.

Within the Market proper, the Main Arcade (1907) is the original Main Market. Other buildings that have contained market stalls for over 90 years include the Outlook Hotel and Triangle Market (1908), Sanitary Market (1910), North Arcade (1911), Corner Market building (1912), Fairley Building (1914), and Economy Market (c. 1914–17, née Bartell Building, 1900). The Sanitary Market was so named for its innovation at the time, that no horses were allowed inside.<ref name=Crowley-1999 /><ref name=Lange-1999>{{Harvnb|Lange|1999}}</ref>

===Listed buildings near the Market===

Along the southwest side of First Avenue, within the present-day historic district but outside of the original Market, the Alaska Trade Building (1915), 1915–1919 1st Avenue and the Late Victorian style Butterworth Building (originally the Butterworth mortuary, 1903), 1921 1st Avenue, are both listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP). Outside the historic districts but within the City Clerk's definition of the Pike-Market neighborhood are the J. S. Graham Store (1919, designed by [[A. E. Doyle]]), 119 Pine Street; and the U.S. Immigration Building (1915), 84 Union Street. Other NRHP-listed buildings near the Market but outside of those boundaries include the Guiry and Schillestad Building (Young Hotel or Guiry Building 1903, Mystic Hotel or Schillestad Building 1908), 2101-2111 1st Avenue; the Renaissance-style New Washington Hotel (now Josephinum Hotel, built 1900–1949), 1902 Second Avenue; and the [[Moore Theatre (Seattle, Washington)|Moore Theatre and Hotel]] (1907), 1932 2nd Avenue.<ref name=NRHP-2006>{{Harvnb|NRHP|2006}}</ref><ref name=Crowley-Dorpat-88>Reference for date of Alaska Trade Building, Butterworth Building, J. S. Graham Store, Terminal Sales Building: {{Harvnb|Crowley|Dorpat|1999|p=88, 108}}.</ref><ref>Reference for date of Butterworth Building: Stuart Eskenazi, [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003761417_mymarketghost25m.html Ghost stories haunt Pike Place Market], ''Seattle Times'', June 25, 2007. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref><ref>Reference for date of U.S. Immigration Building: [http://www.maritimeheritage.net/attractions/attraction_select.asp?id=94 Immigration Bldg/Longshoreman's Hall], Maritime Heritage Network. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref><ref>Reference for date of Guiry and Schillestad Building: [http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/Context_Waterfront06.pdf. Context Statement: The Central Waterfront], Historic Preservation Program, Department of Neighborhoods, p. 31. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref><ref>Reference for date of the Josephinium: Paul Dorpat, [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/pacificnw06192005/nowandthen.html A Second Chance], ''Seattle Times'', June 19, 2005. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref><ref>Reference for date of the Moore: [http://www.themoore.com/about/history.asp History of Moore Theatre], Moore Theatre official site. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref>

Also in the Pike-Market neighborhood but outside the historic districts are at least two [[List of Landmarks in Seattle|city-designated landmark]] not on the NRHP: the Terminal Sales Building (1923–1925), 1932 1st Avenue; and Pier 59, now home to the [[Seattle Aquarium]].<ref>[https://www.cityofseattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/landmarks_listing.htm Individual Landmarks] (and the A–Z links), Landmarks and Designation, Department of Neighborhoods, City of Seattle. Accessed online 28 December 2007.</ref><ref name=Crowley-Dorpat-88 /><ref>Reference for date completion of Terminal Sales Building, [http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=70866 Terminal Sales Building], SkyscraperPage.com. Accessed online 3 October 2008.</ref>

== Nearby attractions ==
The [[Moore Theatre (Seattle, Washington)|Moore Theatre]] (1907) on the corner of 2nd Avenue at Virginia Street is the oldest still-active theater in Seattle.<ref>{{Harvnb|Flom|2002}}</ref>

The [[Seattle Aquarium]] (1977) is on the waterfront at Pier 59. The waterfront includes the turn-of-the-century piers 59, 61, 62, and 63. The city purchased piers 59–61 in 1971 after the central waterfront had been abandoned by freight shipping for years, supplanted by [[container ship]]ping. Historic Piers 60 and 61 were later removed for aquarium expansion. In 1979 an OMNIMAX theatre opened (now ''Seattle IMAXDome''), at the time one of only about half a dozen in the world.<ref>{{Harvnb|McRoberts|2000}}</ref> The theater is an early tilted dome iteration of [[IMAX]].

==Additional Images==
<center><gallery>
Image:Pike Place Market 06.JPG|Approaching the entrance as crowds of people form during a spring day
Image:20 Pike Place Market main arcade foot traffic 2.jpg|The Pike Place Market is always busy with foot traffic
Image:08 Pike Place Market down under on fifth floor.jpg|Inside, showing sign above staircase
Image:21 Pike Place Market main arcade foot traffic.jpg|Inside the market
Image:11 Pike Place Market entrance to the Lowells diner overhead signage.jpg|Lowell's Restaurant
Image:Chilis at Pike Place Market.JPG|[[Chili pepper]]s offered for sale at the Pike Place Market
Image:GreengrocerSeattle200511 KaihsuTai.jpg|A [[greengrocer]]
Image:FishmongerSeattle200511 KaihsuTai.jpg|A [[fishmonger]]
</gallery></center>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{citation
| last =Crowley
| first =Walt
| authorlink = Walt Crowley
| date =1999-07-29
| year = 1999
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1602
| title ="Pike Place Market (Seattle) -- Thumbnail History
| publisher =HistoryLink.org
| accessdate =2006-07-21}}.
* {{citation
| last =Crowley
| first =Walt
| title=National Trust Guide Seattle
| location=New York
| publisher=Preservation Press, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
| year=1978}}.
* {{citation
| last =Crowley
| first =Walt
| last2= Dorpat
| first2 = Paul
| title=National Trust Guide Seattle
| location=New York
| publisher=National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States / John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
| year=1998
| isbn=0471180440}}.
* {{citation
| last =Flom
| first =Eric L.
| year=2002
| date =2002-06-20
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3852
| title =Moore Theatre (Seattle)
| publisher =HistoryLink.org
| accessdate =2006-07-21}}.
* {{citation
| last =Jones
| first =David G.
| year=1999
| date =1999-12-08
| url=http://www.seattle.gov/audit/report_files/9910-PikePlaceMkt_PDA.pdf
| title =Management Review of the Pike Place Market Preservation and Development Authority
| publisher =Office of the City Auditor
| accessdate =2008-10-07}}. Jones was Deputy City Auditor at the time of publication.
* {{citation
| last =Lange
| first =Greg
| year=1999
| date =[[1 January]] [[1999]], lead paragraph updated 2006 |
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1949
| title =Seattle's Pike Place Market opens on [[August 17]], [[1907]].
| publisher =HistoryLink.org
| accessdate =2006-07-21}}.
* {{citation
| last =Lehmann
| first =Thelma
| date =2001-10-25
| year =2001|
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3617
| title =Masters of Northwest Art: Mark Tobey -- Guru of Seattle Painters
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2006-04-21}}. Rewrite of work originally published in Hans and Thelma Lehmann, ''Out of the Cultural Dustbin: Sentimental Musings on the Arts & Music in Seattle from 1936 to 1992'' (Seattle: Lehmann, 1992), 73-75.
* {{citation
| last =Long
| first =Priscilla
| date =2002-07-17
| year = 2002|
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3894
| title =Mark Tobey paints the first of his influential white-writing style paintings in November or December 1935.
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2006-04-21}}
* {{citation
| last = McRoberts
| first =Patrick
| date =2000-03-16
| year =2000
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2203
| title =Seattle Aquarium
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2006-04-21}}
* {{citation
| last = NRHP<!-- a value here is mandatory for Harvard referencing -->
| authorlink = National Register of Historic Places
| year =2006<!-- a value here is mandatory for Harvard referencing; year is somewhat arbitrary, page is continually added to as new places gain status-->
| url =http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/WA/King/state.html
| title =WASHINGTON - King County
| work =
| publisher =National Register of Historic Places
| accessdate =2006-07-21}}. Link is to first of 5 pages. "Alaska Trade Building" (added 1971) and "Butterworth Building" (added 1971) are on p. 1 of 5. "Guiry and Schillestad Building" (added 1985) is on p. 2 of 5. "Moore Theatre and Hotel" (added 1974) and "New Washington Hotel" (added 1989) are on p. 3 of 5.
* {{citation
| last=Phelps
| first=Myra L.
| title=Public works in Seattle
| year=1978
| publisher=Seattle Engineering Department
| location=Seattle | isbn= 0-9601928-1-6 }}.
* {{citation
| last=Pike Place Market <!-- need something here for Harvard notes -->
| title=Daystall Rules and Regulations
| url=http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/livefiles/documents/3/RulesRegs0809.pdf
| year=2008
| date=2008-03-25
| publisher=Pike Place Market
| acccessdate=2008-10-09
}}.
* {{citation
| last =Shenk
| first =Carol
| last2 =Pollack
| first2 =Laurie
| last3 =Dornfeld
| first3 =Ernie
| last4 =Frantilla
| first4 =Anne
| last5 =Neman
| first5 =Chris
| date =2002-06-26, maps .jpg c. 2002-06-15
| year = 2002
| url=http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/nmaps/aboutnm.htm
| title =About neighborhood maps
| work =Seattle City Clerk's Office Neighborhood Map Atlas
| publisher =Office of the Seattle City Clerk, Information Services
| accessdate =2006-04-21}}. Shenk et al. provide a substantial bibliography with extensive primary sources.
* {{citation
| last =Seattle City Clerk <!-- a value here is mandatory for Harvard referencing -->
| year =2006
| date =Revised 2006-04-30
| url=http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/about.htm
| title =About the Seattle City Clerk's On-line Information Services
| work =Information Services
| publisher =Seattle City Clerk's Office
| accessdate =2006-05-21}}. See heading, "Note about limitations of these data".
* {{citation
| last=Speidel
| first=William C.
| authorlink=Bill Speidel
| title=Sons of the profits; or, There's no business like grow business: the Seattle story, 1851-1901 |
| year=1967
| publisher=Nettle Creek Publishing Company
| location=Seattle
| isbn= 0-914890-00-X }}. Also ISBN 0-914890-06-9. Speidel provides a substantial bibliography with extensive primary sources.
* {{citation
| last =Wilma
| first =David
| date =1999-06-27
| year =1999
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1426
| title =Voters preserve Seattle's historic Pike Place Market on [[November 2]], [[1971]].
| publisher=HistoryLink
| accessdate =2006-04-21}}
*{{citation
| last = Shorrett
| first = Alice
| coauthors = Murray Morgan
| title = Soul of the City: The Pike Place Public Market
| publisher = University of Washington Press
| date = 2007-08-30
| isbn = 978-0295987460 }}
</div>


{{Madonna}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Pike Place Market}}
*[http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/ Official site]
*[http://www.freshseafood.com/ Pure Food Fish - Celebrating over 50 Years at the Market]
*[http://www.savorseattletours.com/ Pike Place Market Food & Cultural Tours]
*[http://www.pikeplacefish.com/ Pike Place Fish]
*[http://www.marketghost.com/ Market Ghost Tours]
*[http://www.greatwindup.com/ The Great Wind-Up]
*[http://www.historylink.org/_output.CFM?file_ID=1602 Pike Place Market: Thumbnail History]
*[http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~archives/altvote.htm Vote No on Initiative 1]
*[http://MoviePlaces.tv/aspx/search.aspx?SearchFor=Pike+Street+Market Movies that filmed at Pike Place Market]
*[http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/washington/seattle/pike-place-market.php Virtual Tour inside market]
*[http://resist.ca/~kirstena/pagepikeplacemarketbuskerhistory.html The History of Pike Place Market Buskers Project]
*[http://www.seattle.gov/html/citizen/pda.htm#pike Pike Place Market Preservation and Development Authority]
*[http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv26684 Guide to the Department of Community Development's Pike Place Market Records 1894-1990]
*[http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv59515 Guide to the Pike Place Market Visual Images Collection 1894-1984]
*[http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv26004 Guide to the Pike Place Market Historical District Records 1971-1989]
{{Pike Place Market}}


[[Category:2008 albums]]
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Revision as of 04:20, 10 October 2008

Untitled

Hard Candy is the eleventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna and was first released on April 25, 2008[1][2] by Warner Bros. Records. This release is the final studio album under her contract with Warner Bros., her record company for the past 25 years.

Album title

Madonna initially wanted the album to be called Candy Shop, after an album track, but Warner Bros. disallowed the name, citing it as too close to the song by 50 Cent. She then wanted to call the album Give It 2 Me, after the second single, but Warner Bros. again disallowed the name, citing it was too close to the song by Timbaland, Give It To Me. In the end, she called the album Hard Candy, as a "juxtaposition of toughness and sweetness".

Release

Hard Candy was released towards the end of April following the full release of its lead single "4 Minutes". April 26 was the official release date in Australia but many retailers chose to sell the album two days prior to this April 24, while a select few European countries saw the album's release on April 25, including Ireland, Germany, Austria and Belgium. On April 28, 2008[3] the album was released in the United Kingdom, Brazil and most other European countries, and on April 29, 2008 in the United States, Argentina, Mexico and Canada.[1]

Musical style

The album, overall, has an urban vibe, while remaining a dance-pop record at heart.[4] In the early stages of recording, Stuart Price, the producer of Confessions on a Dance Floor, described the new album as moving in an urban direction. It had initially been defined as having "a lot of producers from a lot of genres in there.", The Sun proclaiming that "it could be her most ambitious project yet.”[4]

Timbaland, one of the featured producers of the record, referred to the album as being "like 'Holiday' with an R&B groove."[5] Justin Timberlake also defined the album as being "an R&B/pop/dance record." Upon release, The New York Times reviewed the album as "a set of catchy, easily digestible, mass-appeal songs."[6]

The album features vocal appearances from Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell and Kanye West along with production credits from Timbaland, Timberlake, The Neptunes, and Nate "Danja" Hills as well as co-production from Madonna. Additionally, Hard Candy includes a guest appearance of American guitarist and singer-songwriter Wendy Melvoin, best known for her work with Prince, contributing with guitars on the song "She's Not Me", on which she is mentioned.

Promotion

Seven songs from the album were also made available during the week prior to the albums official release, a song a day downloadable via mobile phone.[7] Beginning on April 21 and ending on April 27, these songs were distributed in order as follows: "Candy Shop", "Miles Away", "Give It 2 Me", "Heartbeat", "Beat Goes On", "Devil Wouldn't Recognize You" and "She's Not Me". Additionally, Hard Candy and the "4 Minutes" music video were pre-loaded onto the Samsung F400 in France.[8] A similar deal was made with Sony Ericsson, who offered the album alongside or pre-loaded onto its phones in 27 different countries worldwide.[9]

Hard Candy was also streamed on MySpace four days before the United States release.[10] Furthermore, The season finale of Ugly Betty's second season, "Jump", solely featured Madonna's music, "Candy Shop", "Spanish Lesson", "She's Not Me" and "Miles Away" all played, as well as the 2006 single "Jump". The Japanese television drama Change also featured "Miles Away" during the closing credits.

Hard Candy Promo Tour

To promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Hard Candy Promo Tour, the first venture as part of Madonna's new contract with concert promoters Live Nation with media content provided by "Frank the Plumber LLC" .[11] The show consisted of a 40 minute set featuring six songs, with dates in New York City, Paris and Maidstone. During the performance at the Roseland Ballroom in New York, Justin Timberlake accompanied Madonna onstage for the performance of "4 Minutes". Pharrell also appeared on video screens during the performance of "Give It 2 Me". Alongside these and album tracks, "Miles Away" and "Candy Shop", Madonna performed a rock-infused version "Hung Up", featuring a few lines from "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction". "Music", was also remixed using a sample of Fedde Le Grand's "Put Your Hands Up For Detroit".

In an interview with the BBC, Madonna stated:[12]

Obviously, I want to do new stuff because I'm very excited about it. I feel that's what people come to hear but I also want to do a few of my oldies but goodies. I chose Hung Up because that was the biggest hit from my last record and I chose Music because it's a crowd pleaser, it's anthemic and it brings people together.

The April 30 New York set was shown live via MSN in association with Control Room and Live Nation. The May 10 Maidstone concert was shown live on BBC Three and later a special program Madonna Live at Radio One's Big Weekend was shown on BBC One, both including interview footage with Jo Whiley. Highlights of the show were also shown all that week on BBC Interactive. The Maidstone show caused controversy with Madonna's use of swearing causing complaints to be made to the BBC. [13]

  • Setlist:
  1. "Candy Shop"
  2. "Miles Away"
  3. "4 Minutes (featuring Justin Timberlake)"
  4. "Hung Up" (Rock Remix)
  5. "Give It 2 Me"
  6. "Music" (Fedde Le Grand Remix)

Further promotion of the album will include the Sticky & Sweet Tour, which started at the end of August 2008 with dates in Europe, North & South America in 2008.

Singles

The lead single, "4 Minutes", was released digitally on March the 18th, 2008 worldwide and was physically released in April 19, 2008. The single features Justin Timberlake and Timbaland. It is currently the most successful release from the album, reaching #1 in twenty-four countries including the United World Chart and becoming one of Madonna's biggest-selling singles.

The second single, "Give It 2 Me", was released to radio on June 4, 2008 in Europe and June 24, 2008 in the United States, where it peaked at #57. It currently has gone #1 in the Netherlands, Poland, Turkey, Spain, Bulgaria, Brazil and on the U.S. Dance and Airplay Chart. It is also in the top 5 in seven other countries. The single reached also the top 10 in eight other countries such as United Kingdom, Canada, Germany and Mexico. It has only had moderate success in Australia reaching #23, while in Japan only in the top 40.

A promotional single of "Miles Away" was released on 17 July 2008 in Japan regions, where the song had increased Airplay and Digital Downloads.

The third single, "Miles Away" is going to be released to US radio on October 13th, but has already been played in many Canadian radio station already. So far there are no plans for the release of a video. Many think the video will include live footage from "Sticky & Sweet Tour" but nothing is officially planned.

Reception

Critical reception

File:Hardcandy madonna jellybeans.JPG
Album cover made entirely of Jelly Beans at Madame Tussaud's in London.

As with Madonna's 2005 effort Confessions on a Dancefloor,[14] the album received generally favorable reviews.[15] Reuters noted: "As parting gifts go, Madonna's 11th studio album — and her last before she exits long-term record label Warner Bros. — is unusually generous, if early reviews are to be believed. [...] Released internationally this week, and hitting U.S. stores on Tuesday, Hard Candy scored solidly among rock critics."[16] Rolling Stone said that Hard Candy is the work of "a songwriting team of American chart royalty" that help "revisit her roots as an urban-disco queen."[17] The Observer wrote that "whenever Hard Candy threatens to get boring, something always happens to recapture your interest."[18]

The album was however still criticized for being "an attempt to harness the urban market",[19] with Mark Savage, of BBC Music, writing that "Timbaland's tracks are frequently reminiscent of his (superior) work for Nelly Furtado" and later stated that "if a handful of the tracks had been delivered to more producers with a touch more subtlety, Hard Candy could have ranked alongside Madonna's best."[19] The Times felt similarly, noting that while "Hard Candy is no disaster, " the album's producers have "already done the same thing with Nelly Furtado, Britney Spears and Gwen Stefani."[20] The Independent said that the album reflects "how a once diverse talent has ossified into simply satisfying the sweet tooth of functional dance-pop."[21] PopMatters wrote that the album "is overpopulated with recycled pop that is indistinguishable and artificial, something Madonna’s soothing arpeggiating vocals cannot alleviate".[22]

Chart performance

The album peaked at number one in twenty-seven countries worldwide, including United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Germany, Turkey, Austria, Canada, the United States, Italy, France, Greece, Japan, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Finland, Hungary, Belgium, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Singapore and Slovakia.[23]

During its first day of release in the Netherlands, Hard Candy sold over 60,000 copies, earning a platinum certification. The album also received a Gold certification on its first day of release, selling over 15,000 copies.[24] Furthermore, after only two days of release, Hard Candy debuted at number one on the French albums chart, selling 38.000 copies. It also debuted at number one on the Oricon weekly album chart in Japan, selling about 55,462 copies.[25]

Hard Candy also debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, where Madonna joined a selected group of artists to achieve ten number one albums, behind Elvis Presley, with eleven, and The Beatles, with fifteen.[26] Madonna achieved a similar feat in Australia, where it became her seventh album to reach number one on the ARIA Albums Chart. The album was certified gold in its first week.[27] "4 Minutes" has also remained in the Australian Top Ten for over eleven weeks.

According to Nielsen SoundScan, Hard Candy sold 100,000 copies in the United States upon its first day of release.[28] It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with over 280,000 copies sold. Hard Candy became her seventh number one album, making her the female artist with the second most number one albums, behind only Barbra Streisand.[28] It was certified Gold on June 4, 2008, a month after its release. [29]

In Latin America the album was also well-received, reaching number nineteen on the Mexican Top 100 Albums chart based on three-day sales alone,[30] and after three weeks in the chart, the album has peaked at number four.[31]. In Argentina, after debuting at number-four based on shipments, it climbed to number one.[32]

In New Zealand Hard Candy debuted and peaked at number five and only managed to stay on the chart for nine weeks. [33]

So far, Hard Candy has sold approximately 654,000 copies in the United States and over 3 million copies worldwide in just 5 months.

Formats

  • CD — containing the 12-track album.
  • CD Japanese Edition — 13-track edition including the bonus track "Ring My Bell".
  • CD Limited Collectors Edition Candy Box — 14-track edition containing the album, two exclusive "4 Minutes" remixes in a hinged DVD-sized "Candy" box with a 16-page booklet and approximately 35 Starlite Mint candies packaged in clear cello bag.[34]
  • CD Philippine Edition — Disc available in blue ripple and a rare pink ripple (first pressing only).
  • LP Limited Edition — full length 12-track album on two pink & white and blue & white "candy swirled" vinyl discs, plus a DJ Remix 12" (on black vinyl) with two exclusive-to-this set remixes of "4 Minutes" by Tracy Young and Peter Rauhofer, and a bonus CD of the album housed in a plain white cd sleeve, all housed in a three-pocket deluxe gatefold Stoughton jacket. A misprint was released in Europe mainly by the CD retailing store HMV. The misprint consisted of the original album (like the USA release) on 3 vinyl discs, but the main color of the album itself was plain pink and plain blue respectively. This version of the album is highly desired by Madonna collectors everywhere and can range from $70-$100 USD on sites such as Ebay and Amazon.com[35]
  • iTunes Deluxe Pre-order version — 16-track edition containing the album, two "4 Minutes" remixes, bonus track "Ring My Bell", digital booklet and a "Give It 2 Me" remix.
  • iTunes Pre-order version — 13-track edition containing the album, digital booklet and bonus track "Ring My Bell".
  • Deluxe Digital version — 15-track edition containing the album, two "4 Minutes" remixes, digital booklet and a "Give It 2 Me" remix.
  • Digital version — 12-track edition containing the album and digital booklet.
  • Vodafone Exclusive — from April 21, 2008, seven tracks from the album were released at a rate of one a day counting down the week before the album was available. Each track remained live for 24 hours for download before being replaced by the next one.[36]

Track Listing

  1. "Candy Shop" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 4:15
  2. "4 Minutes" (featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland) (Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills) — 4:03
  3. "Give It 2 Me" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 4:48
  4. "Heartbeat" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 4:04
  5. "Miles Away" (Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills) — 4:49
  6. "She's Not Me" (Guitar work by Wendy Melvoin)(P. Williams, Madonna) — 6:05
  7. "Incredible" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 6:20
  8. "Beat Goes On" (featuring Kanye West and Pharrell) (P. Williams, Madonna, K. West) — 4:26
  9. "Dance 2night" (feat. Justin Timberlake) (Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, H. Lane) — 5:03
  10. "Spanish Lesson" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 3:40
  11. "Devil Wouldn't Recognize You" (Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, J. Henry) — 5:09
  12. "Voices" (Madonna, T. Mosley, J. Timberlake, N. Hills, H. Lane) — 3:39

Bonus tracks

  • iTunes Deluxe Pre-order Version, iTunes Pre-order Version & Japanese CD Version:
  2. "Ring My Bell" (P. Williams, Madonna) — 3:58
  • iTunes Deluxe Pre-order Version, Deluxe Digital Version:[37]
  2. "4 Minutes (Bob Sinclar Space Funk Edit)" — 3:23
  3. "4 Minutes (Junkie XL Remix Edit)" — 4:38
  4. "Give It 2 Me (Paul Oakenfold Edit)" — 4:59
  • CD Limited Collectors Edition Candy Box:
  2. "4 Minutes (Tracy Young House Edit)" — 3:33
  3. "4 Minutes (Rebirth Remix Edit)" — 3:42
  • LP Limited Edition:
  2. "4 Minutes (Tracy Mixshow)" — 6:19
  3. "4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York)" — 10:52

Album credits

Production

  • Executive Producer: Madonna
  • Tracks 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and "Ring My Bell": Produced by The Neptunes. Co-produced by Madonna.
  • Tracks 2, 5, 11, 12: Produced by Timbaland, Justin Timberlake and Danja.
  • Track 9: Produced by Timbaland and Justin Timberlake. Co-produced by Hannon Lane. Additional Production by Demacio "Demo" Castellon.
  • Track 12: Co-produced by Hannon Lane.
  • "4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York Edit)" and "4 Minutes (Peter Saves New York)": Remix by Peter Rauhofer for Unique Productions. Additional Production by Eric Kupper.
  • "4 Minutes (Junkie XL Remix Edit)": Produced, MIxed and Mastered by Junkie XL in the Computer Hell Cabin. Additional Sound Design by André Ettema and Sam Estes.
  • "Give It 2 Me (Paul Oakenfold Edit)": Remix by Paul Oakenfold. Additional Production by Ian Green.
  • "4 Minutes (Tracy Young House Edit)" and "4 Minutes (Tracy Mixshow)": Produced and Remixed by Tracy Young. Additional Production by Joseph Carrano.
  • "4 Minutes (Rebirth Remix Edit)": Produced by Demacio "Demo" Castellon. Additional Production and Remixing by Vincent di Pasquale and Larry Grant.

Personnel

  • Vocals: Madonna
  • Track 2: Vocals by Madonna, Justin Timberlake, Timbaland
  • Track 8: Rap by Kanye West
  • Additional Vocals: Pharrell Williams
  • Tracks 5, 9, 11, 12: Background Vocals: Justin Timberlake
  • Recorded by Spike Stent, Andrew Coleman and Alex Dromgoole at Sarm Studios, London
  • Recording Assistants: Graham Archer and Nate Herwick
  • Mixed by Spike Stent and Andrew Coleman at the Record Plant, CA
  • Engineered by Anthony Asher
  • Tracks 2, 5, 11, 12: Recorded by Marella "Ms. Lago" Araica and Demacio "Demo" Castellon
  • Programmed and Mixed by Demacio "Demo" Castellon
  • Assistant Engineers: Julian Vasquez, Vadim Chislov, Graham Archer and Fareed Salamah
  • SCE Assistants: José and Joseph Castellon
  • Track 9: Recorded by Demacio "Demo" Castellon
  • Guitars: Justin Timberlake, Dan Warner, Wendy Melvoin, Darrell Pearson and Monte Pittman
  • Keyboards: Hannon Lane and Danja
  • Drums: Timbaland
  • Bass: Darrell Pearson
  • Scratching: DJ Remo
  • Protools Editing: Ron Taylor
  • Strings: Stevie Blacke
  • Mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound
  • Photography by Steven Klein
  • Art Direction by Giovanni Blanco
  • Management: Guy Oseary

Certifications, peaks and sales

Country/Region Peak
position 		Certification Sales/shipments
Argentina 1 2x Platinum[38] 80,000+
Australia 1 Platinum[39] 70,000+
Austria 1 Gold[40] 10,000+
Belgium 2 Platinum[41] 30,000+
Canada 1 Platinum[40] 155,000+
Czech Republic 1 Platinum[40] 10,000+
Denmark 1 Platinum[42] 30,000+
Europe 1 Platinum[43] 1,400,000+
Finland 1 Gold[40] 20,000+
France 1 Platinum[40] 204,000+
Germany 1 Platinum[44] 200,000+
Greece 1 Platinum [45] 15,000+
Hungary 1 [46]
Ireland 1 Platinum 30,000+
Italy 1 2x Platinum 162,000+
Japan 1 Platinum[40] 253,000+
Mexico 3 Platinum[43] 80,000+
New Zealand 5 [33] 7,500+
The Netherlands 1 Platinum[47] 75,000+
Norway 2 [48]
Poland 1 Platinum[49] 30,000+
Portugal 1 Gold 10,000+
Serbia 1 Platinum 6,000+
Slovakia 1 Platinum 6,000+
Slovenia 1 Platinum 3,000+
South Korea 1 Gold 4,000+
Spain 1 Gold[50] 40,000
Sweden 1 Gold[51] 20,000+
Switzerland 1 Platinum[52] 40,000+
Turkey 1 Gold 17,000+
United Kingdom 1 Platinum[53] 300,000+
United States 1 Gold[29] 651,127[40]

Release history

Region Date
Netherlands April 25, 2008
Poland
Finland
France
Worldwide
Singapore
Ireland
Italy
Thailand
Germany
Australia[54] April 26, 2008
Brazil[55] April 28, 2008
Israel
Philippines
Portugal
Greece
United Kingdom
Canada[56] April 29, 2008
Chile
Argentina[57]
Mexico[58]
Romania[59]
United States[60]
Japan[61] April 30, 2008
Russia May 5, 2008
Ukraine
Turkey May 9, 2008
United Kingdom May 12, 2008
Portugal May 19, 2008 (Special Edition CD)
United States June 10, 2008 (Vinyl)

References

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  2. ^ Ganz, Caryn (2008-02-15). "Madonna's new album and video: Exclusive Rolling Stone preview". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  3. ^ Killian Fox (2008-02-10). "10 essential albums for spring". The Observer. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  4. ^ a b "Madonna taps up Timberlake". The Sun. News International. 2007-04-11. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  5. ^ "Madge is mad for it". Daily Mirror. Trinity Mirror. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
  6. ^ Pareles, Jon (2008-04-27). ""Material Woman, Restoring Her Brand"". Retrieved 2008-04-28.
  7. ^ Jonathan Richards (2007-03-18). "Madonna to release new album via mobile". The Times. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  8. ^ Aymeric Pichevin (2008-04-04). "Samsung dials up Madonna deal for France". Billboard.biz. Nielsen Company. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
  9. ^ Lars Brandle (2008-06-05). "Madonna's 'Candy' a treat for Sony Ericsson users". Billboard.biz. Nielsen Company. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
  10. ^ "Madonna releases her new album early". People.com. Time Inc. 2008-04-25. Retrieved 2008-04-25.
  11. ^ "Madonna Live In New York — Official Press Release" (Press release). Warner Bros. Records. 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  12. ^ Madonna (performer), Jo Whiley (host). Jo Whiley meets Madonna Part 1: Madonna talks about her live performance in New York and what people can expect at Radio 1's Big Weekend (Flash (streaming video)) (Interview). London, England: BBC. Event occurs at 2:40. Retrieved 2008-08-03. I'm very excited about it... {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  13. ^ "Madonna shocks Radio 1 crowd with swear words and demands". Herald Sun. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
  14. ^ "Confessions On A Dancefloor". Metacritic. CNET Networks. 2005-11. Retrieved 2008-04-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ "Hard Candy". Metacritic. CNET Networks. 2008-04. Retrieved 2008-04-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "Sweet reviews for Madonna's "Hard Candy"". Reuters. Reuters. 2008-04. Retrieved 2008-04-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Caryn Ganz (2008-04). "Hard Candy". Rolling Stone. Wenner Publishing. Retrieved 2008-04-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Hard Candy". The Observer. Guardian Media Group. 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  19. ^ a b Mark Savage (2008-04-08). "Hard Candy". BBC Music. BBC. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
  20. ^ "Hard Candy". The Times. News International. 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
  21. ^ Andy Gill (2008-04-11). "Hard Candy". The Independent. Independent News & Media. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
  22. ^ Thomas Hauser (2008-06-10). "Hard Candy". PopMatters.com. PopMatters. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
  23. ^ "Madonna's Hard Candy Debuts At #1 Around The World". Sugarcain Entertainment. 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  24. ^ Michaluk, Christina (2008-04-28). "'Hard Candy" cracks the charts". The Loquitur. mtvU. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  25. ^ "検索結果-ORICON STYLE アーティスト/CD検索". Oricon. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  26. ^ "Madonna celebrates chart double". BBC News. BBC. 2008-05-04. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  27. ^ "Chartifacts — Week Commencing: May 4, 2008". ARIA. 2008-05-04. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
  28. ^ a b Keith Caulfield (2008-04-30). "First day sales put Madonna on track for 7th No. 1". Billboard.com. Nielsen Company. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  29. ^ a b "Gold & Platinum Database –Madonna". RIAA. 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2008-08-02..
  30. ^ "Semana Del 07 al 13 de Julio de 2008" (PDF). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. 2008-13-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ "Madonna–Hard Candy (2008)". mexicancharts.com. eMedia Jungen. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  32. ^ "Ranking Quincenal de Venta al Público". CAPIF — Representando a la Industria Argentina de la Música. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  33. ^ a b Hard Candy around the world
  34. ^ "Hard Candy (Special Edition w/ Starlite Mints Candy)". play.com. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  35. ^ "Hard Candy Limited Edition Colured Vinyl 3LP Set + Bonus CD album". What Records. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  36. ^ Varley, Melinda (2008-03-18). "Madonna to release album on Vodafone". mad.co.uk. Centaur Communications Ltd. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  37. ^ "iTunes: Hard Candy Deluxe Version)". iTunes. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  38. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino". CAPIF - Representando a la Industria Argentina de la Música. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  39. ^ "Top 50 Albums Chart". ARIA. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g "Hard Candy around the world". Madonna on the World Charts. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  41. ^ "ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS". ultratop. Retrieved 2008-08-02.]
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  44. ^ "Gold/Platin-Datenbank". Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
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  46. ^ mahasz.hu - Arany- és platinalemezek
  47. ^ NVPI, de branchevereniging van de entertainmentindustrie - Goud/Platina
  48. ^ IFPI Norsk platebransje
  49. ^ Związek Producentów Audio-Video :: Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry
  50. ^ "Spain Top 100 Albums Chart" (PDF). PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  51. ^ "Veckolista Album — Vecka 31, 31 juli 2008". Sverige Topplistan. Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  52. ^ "SWISS CHARTS — ALBUMS TOP 100". The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  53. ^ Jones, Alan (2008-07-14). "Coldplay still top in static top three". Music Week. CMPi Ltd. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
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  57. ^ "Hard Candy – Madonna". Retrieved 2008-04-28.
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  61. ^ "Japanese Candy On April 30". Madonna Tribe News. 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
Preceded by
25 Years - 25 Songs by Mary Black
 Irish Album Chart number-one album
April 29, 2008 		Succeeded by
The Two of Us by Christie Hennessy
Preceded by UK Album Chart number-one album
May 4, 2008 - May 11, 2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Australian ARIA Albums Chart number-one album
May 5, 2008 - May 12, 2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard 200 number-one album
May 11, 2008 - May 17, 2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United World Chart number-one albums
May 17, 2008 - June 7, 2008 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pike_Place_Market&oldid=244300001"