Alme (Lippe)
| Alme | ||
 |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | EN : 2782 | |
| location |
Süderbergland
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|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Lippe → Rhine → North Sea | |
| Headwaters | near Brilon - Alme from 104 individual springs 51 ° 26 ′ 56 ″ N , 8 ° 37 ′ 22 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 325 m above sea level NN | |
| Spring discharge |
MNQ MQ MHQ |
300 l / s 800 l / s 1.37 m³ / s |
| muzzle | at Paderborn- Neuhaus Castle in the Lippe Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 20 ″ E 51 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 20 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 99 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 226 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 3.8 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 59.1 km | |
| Catchment area | 762.969 km² | |
| Discharge at the Neuhaus 2 A Eo gauge: 758.92 km² Location: 1.9 km above the mouth |
NNQ (10/21/1991) MNQ 1986/2006 MQ 1986/2006 Mq 1986/2006 MHQ 1986/2006 HHQ (08/23/2007) |
77 l / s 4.11 m³ / s 4.73 m³ / s 6.2 l / (s km²) 46.4 m³ / s 92.6 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Gosse , Harlebach | |
| Right tributaries | Nice , Afte , Altenau | |
| Big cities | Paderborn | |
| Medium-sized cities | Brilon , Büren (Westphalia) | |
The Alme is an approximately 59.1 km long, left and southern tributary of the Lippe in the two North Rhine-Westphalian districts of Hochsauerland and Paderborn .
geography
course
Headwaters
The Almequelle is located in the Hochsauerlandkreis in the north of the Brilon Heights or on the northern edge of the Brilon plateau , which consists of fissured limestone with a thickness of 600 to 1400 m. Above-ground running waters seep into fissures and dissolve the limestone, creating large cavities in the subsurface of the plateau. In the Brilon village of Alme , the water flowing underground comes to the surface again at the lowest point (320 to 322 m above sea level ) in the form of overflow springs. The main spring is a karst spring pond with a diameter of about 30 m and an average discharge of 400 l / s.
The Almequelle stop on the Paderborn-Brilon railway line was operated by passengers until 1974.
Further course
From the village of Alme, more precisely from Oberalme, the Alme, which runs predominantly in northerly directions, flows just below its origin through Niederalme, where federal highway 480 crosses. Then it runs along the dismantled railway line through Harth with its district Ringelstein , Siddinghausen and Weine to Büren . It then flows over Brenken , after which it crosses under the federal motorway 44 , and Ahden , Wewelsburg with the castle of the same name and Niederntudorf to Alfen .
After crossing under the A 33 , from which it is then bridged two more times, the Alme near Borchen takes on the Altenau and flows over Wewer , after which it first again crosses under the Autobahn 33 and then the federal highway 64 and runs past the Paderborn town center. Then it crosses under the Bundesstraße 1 before it flows into the Lippe in Schloss Neuhaus .
muzzle
A few kilometers further north, the Alme flows into the eastern Rhine tributary Lippe near Paderborn's Schloß Neuhaus district .
The Alme is significantly longer to its mouth than the Lippe to this point, but there is usually a little less water there (4.6 m³ / s vs. 6.1 m³ / s). This is also due to the fact that in the middle reaches the Heder, which flows clearly below, and in the lower reaches the Pader which flows directly above into the Lippe (4.2 m³ / s alone, i.e. around 70% of the Lippe water).
- → See also: Diagram of the outflows in the Lippe system and section # Water management
Catchment area
The approximately 762.97 km² catchment area of the Alme lies in the North Sauerland Oberland , in the Paderborn plateau to the east of the Alme and in the Hellwegbörden to the west . It is drained through them via the Lippe and the Rhine to the North Sea.
The catchment area borders
- in the northeast to the catchment areas of the two Lippe tributaries Pader and Beke
- on the east of the Nethe , in the Weser flows
- in the southeast to that of the Diemel , which is also a tributary of the Weser
- in the south on the Hoppecke , which flows into the Diemel
- in the southwest to which the Möhne that in the Ruhr opens
- and in the northwest to the catchment areas of the Lippe tributaries Brandenbäumer Bach , Heder and Gunne .
Tributaries
The tributaries of the Alme include (enumerated downstream) :
- Nice (from the right), 10.4 km, 39.69 km²
- The Nette forms part of the border between the administrative districts of Arnsberg and Detmold and between the Paderborn district and the Hochsauerland district.
- Harlebach (from left), 7.7 km, 8.96 km²
- Gosse (river) (from left), 5.3 km, 7.17 km²
- Afte (from the right), 24.4 km, 171.99 km²
- Altenau (from the right), 28.7 km, 335.05 km²
Localities
The villages on the Alme are (enumerated downstream) :
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Water flow
General
The mean flow rate of the alpine pastures is 4.6 m³ / s. In the summer months, however, the alpine pasture section between Büren- Ahden and Borchen (Altenau confluence) temporarily dries out due to the karst subsoil . The alpine pastures in Niederntudorf dry out when the total runoff in Büren and Weine is less than 1.5 m³ / s. Due to this geological feature, the average low water discharge in dry seasons is only 0.3 m³ / s. When, after extensive sealing measures on ponors (generally referred to as Schwalglöcher on the Alme), a spring in the nearby village of Geseke led noticeably less water in 1895 , it was determined by color tests that the water seeping away above Brenken reappeared in Geseke while the Ponore south of Brenken are connected to the source of the Heder in Salzkotten - Upsprunge, about 8 km to the north . This result was confirmed in 2003.
Another special feature are the spring alluvial cones and Quickspringe that form in the valley floors of the Alme .
Alpine flood 1965
In July 1965 an extraordinary flood disaster occurred in the Almetal, which went down in history as a local flood of the century under the name " Heinrichsflut " and whose level was not exceeded until 2007. After torrential rains on July 15, 16 and 17, cellars were flooded. A bridge collapsed in Wewelsburg , and pioneers of the Bundeswehr had to be deployed. Roads turned into rivers, sidewalks were flooded, and trains and buses had to be stopped.
As a result of the flooding, which also extended to the tributaries of the Alme and the Lippe , the Upper Lippe Water Association was founded with the aim of preventing such disasters in the future by creating flood retention basins (HRB). Thus the HRB Husen-Dalheim was created at its tributary Altenau and the HRB Sudheim and the HRB Ebbinghausen at its tributary Sauer .
Alpine flood 2007
On August 22, 2007, the Alme in the area of the old district of Büren burst its banks after up to 70 liters of rain per square meter had fallen in one night in places. The old record level of 1965 in the village of Weine was exceeded by 23 cm. At 30 m in places, the river reached about ten times the usual width. In other localities the level remained below that of 1965. Although the flood was much less dramatic due to the measures taken since 1965, some schools in Büren had to close earlier, and at times Bahnhofsstraße was only passable by truck. 220 firefighters from the volunteer fire brigade of the entire city area were deployed, also ten workers from the THW , other workers from the DLRG , the DRK and the Maltese relief service were on duty to pump out cellars and protect lower-lying houses with sandbags against the water.
nature and environment
biology
The Alme is largely a karst body of water with alkaline water that is rich in microorganisms, which are the lowest link in the food chain. An electrical test fishing by the fisheries department of the Detmold regional council and the Wewelsburg fishing club in 1986 found that the Alme near Wewelsburg is the habitat for brown trout , rainbow trout , grayling , aland , chub , roach , tench , eel , minnow , stickleback , loach , gudgeon , Bullhead and dwarf catfish . With the exception of the rainbow trout, all of these fish have their natural occurrence there; in addition to natural reproduction, the river trout is regularly introduced into the river as saplings through statutory stocking measures.
Large parts of the banks are planted with willows , which secure the bank reinforcement and are regularly maintained by bird and nature conservationists with the support of the local fishing clubs.
Protected areas
The Almetal is designated as a FFH area forests and springs of the Almetal with a size of 473 ha.
There are also two nature reserves :
- the nature reserve Almetal , an approximately 3 km long section of the valley in the upper river area between the place Niederalme near Brilon and the settlement Multhäupter Hammer near Büren with a size of 41.5 ha, as well
- the nature reserve Almehänge near Ahden and Wewelsburg , five non-contiguous areas near the two villages with a total size of around 19 hectares.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b East of the Alme
- ↑ a b West of the Alme
- ↑ Martin Bürgener: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 111 Arolsen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ^ Sofie Meisel: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 98 Detmold. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 5.4 MB)
- ↑ a b German basic map 1: 5000
- ↑ Information board at the Almequellen
- ↑ a b c Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook 2007 / Neuhaus 2 gauge ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Almequelle ( Memento from July 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (private homepage, therefore only limitedly usable as individual records)
- ↑ Wolfgang Feige: Das Bürener Land, series of publications of the Heimatverein Büren eV
- ^ Chronicle of the community of Wewelsburg, Büren city archive
- ^ Mission report of the volunteer fire brigade in Büren
- ↑ Wolfram Czeschick: Petri Heil! - Comments on the Wewelsburger Almefischerei. In: Die Warte, home magazine for the Paderborn and Höxter districts, No. 134, summer 2007, pp. 23–28 (23 f.)
- ↑ ibid., P. 25.
- ↑ List of Natura 2000 area proposals in the Detmold administrative district ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Almetal land order procedure , Detmold district government.
- ^ "Almetal" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 24, 2017.
- ↑ "Alpine slopes near Ahden and Wewelsburg"
- ↑ Sign for the nature reserve "Almehänge bei Ahden und Wewelsburg" in Wewelsburg on Bodelschwinghstraße
Web links
- Alme river profile (PDF file; 183 kB)
- Upper Lippe Water Association
- Alme on OSM