Terrorist attack on two mosques in Christchurch

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Coordinates: 43 ° 32 '  S , 172 ° 37'  E

Masjid al Noor Mosque in Canterbury, Christchurch (2006)
Location of Christchurch on the South Island of New Zealand

In the terrorist attack on two mosques in Christchurch ( New Zealand ) on March 15, 2019 , right- wing terrorist Brenton Tarrant from Australia killed a total of 51 people with firearms and injured another 50, some of them seriously. It was the most fatal act in New Zealand's criminal history since 1943.

The 29-year-old perpetrator deliberately attacked Islamic centers in the city and, analogous to the Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik , invoked a number of right-wing extremist and Islamophobic theories, including those of the so-called Great Exchange . He was arrested, charged with murder , and sentenced to life in prison on August 27, 2020 with no early release option. It is the first time that a court in the country has imposed this highest possible sentence in its judicial system.

Sequence of events

Location of the two mosques in Christchurch

According to eyewitness reports, at around 1:45 p.m. local time, a man wearing an action camcorder and bulletproof vest , black military-style clothing and helmet shot at the Al-Noor Mosque (Christchurch) in the Riccarton district with a semi-automatic firearm aimed at Muslims who were attacking Had gathered Friday prayers . The perpetrator broadcast his action via live streaming on Facebook . The video showed large parts of the course of the crime: Tarrant reached the mosque after a short drive by car, opened fire on people standing in the entrance area, entered the building and struck down many people in a few minutes. Then he shot around in the open air, changed his self-loading weapon on his car, and returned. In the building, he fired again at people who were already on the ground, then at passers-by on the way to his vehicle and on the drive away from the crime scene. 42 people were killed in this first act of terrorism , including 50-year-old Pakistani Naeem Rashid who tried to stop the perpetrator from shooting.

The perpetrator then drove to the Linwood Islamic Center and shot another seven people there. The Afghan-born Australian Abdul Aziz said he first threw a credit card reader, then the offender's gun, which was already empty, yelled at him to distract him, and put him on the run. According to eyewitnesses, the perpetrator would have shot even more people in that mosque. Two police officers followed him, blocked his car, and arrested him.

Victim

A total of 51 people were killed in the attacks. Of these, 42 died in the Masjid Al Noor Mosque in Riccarton, another seven in the Linwood Islamic Center in Linwood and two in the city's Christchurch Hospital . The youngest victim was 3, the oldest 71 years old. According to the police, another 50 people were injured, some seriously.

The attacked visitors to the Friday prayer in the two mosques belonged to the approximately 50,000 Muslim minority of New Zealand (approximately 1.04% of the population). Among those killed and injured are New Zealanders, people from Afghanistan , Bangladesh , India , Palestine , Jordan , Tunisia , Somalia and Syria .

The British Broadcasting Corporation published a full list of victim names with biographical details on each person.

Investigations

The arrested shooter was identified as the 28-year-old Australian Brenton Tarrant and was charged with murder until March 16, 2019. Other weapons and explosive devices were found in his car. According to investigations by the New Zealand police so far, he is a lone terrorist perpetrator. People who were initially suspected of being accomplices were released.

Tarrant had lived alone in a tenement house in the city of Dunedin , south of Christchurch, since at least 2017 . There he had acquired a hunting rifle in 2017 and legally acquired other weapons from December 2018. He had a firearms license that included semi-automatic rifles like the AR-15 and had trained with it as a member of the local rifle club.

Tarrant has made many trips abroad, according to various state authorities. In 2014 he and three Austrians visited North Korea together . In October 2016 he toured Israel for nine days on a tourist visa , followed by Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . There he traveled to historical sites where battles against Muslims had taken place. In spring 2017 he visited France , Spain and Portugal , from November 9 to 15, 2018 Bulgaria , then Romania and Hungary . After photographs on Tarrant's Facebook profile he had then in Austria Friesach, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Vienna and Steyr in Germany visited Neuschwanstein Castle. He is said to have followed "in the footsteps of the crusaders ". According to the Austrian government, Tarrant was in the country from November 27 to December 4, 2018, coming from Hungary and then drove to Tallinn ( Estonia ) in a rental car .

On March 25, 2019, at the request of the Graz Public Prosecutor's Office, the police searched the Vienna apartment of Martin Sellner , who heads the right-wing extremist Identitarian Movement (IB) in Austria, and seized data carriers. The reason was that an Australian named Tarrant had donated 1500 euros to Sellner. The amount of the donation was already noticed by the Austrian authorities in 2018. Sellner announced the search on the Internet, but emphasized that apart from a short thank you email, he had no contact with the donor. The Austrian Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and the Fight against Terrorism is also investigating Tarrant's stay in Austria the previous year. On March 28, 2019, the Austrian government confirmed that the assassin was the donor and that he had visited Austria in November 2018. If the suspicion of the formation of a terrorist organization is confirmed, the IB will be dissolved and banned.

Tarrant's deleted Facebook data could be inferred from metadata and a text archive. They show his radicalization process: from April 2016 he supported the right-wing extremist Australian groups United Patriots Front (UPF) and True Blue Crew (TBC) with numerous hateful comments. He threatened critics of the UPF leader Blair Cottrell that he would hold the rope that would hang the “traitors”. With the UPF he celebrated the election of US President Donald Trump in November 2016 as a triumph of “patriots and nationalists over globalists and Marxists ” and a breakthrough in the imminent victory of the “emperor” Cottrell. In January 2017, when Cottrell was on trial for a suspected beheading of Muslims, Tarrant backed him again. He was also one of the UPF's donors. She distanced herself from him after the murder; he does not belong to the UPF and acted alone. You condemn politically motivated violence. Cottrell did not rule out contacts between UPF members and Tarrant. The Australian secret service had mainly observed Islamists since 2002; A closer observation of the alt-right is now expected . Experts see them as a radicalization network that attracts violent right-wing extremists.

Perpetrator ideology

On March 13, 2019, two days before the attack, Tarrant posted a photo of the Masjid al-Noor mosque on his Facebook page amid a collage of violence memes and images of the mass murderers Anders Breivik and Timothy McVeigh ( bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City ). He mounted the picture of the mosque on top of the picture of a great medieval knight holding a much smaller person in a headlock. In two other collages, the knight holds Imam Ali , the founder of the Shia , and a woman wearing the niqab . Another collage shows the rapper Drake pointing disapprovingly at the picture of the mosque, but approvingly at the picture of a burning mosque in Victoria, Texas , which a right-wing extremist set on fire in 2017. Despite these clues, no one had warned of Tarrant's possible intentions.

On Tarrant's weapons and ammunition magazines there were Cyrillic and Eastern European inscriptions with the names of historical battles, fighters against the Ottoman Empire and earlier anti-Muslim terrorists, as well as the number "14", which refers to the Fourteen Words . Among them were the names of Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg , who had fended off the Second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 , the Venetian officer Marcantonio Bragadin , the terrorist Alexandre Bissonnette, who shot six people in the attack on the Center culturel islamique de Québec in 2017 , and Ebba Åkerlund, who was killed in the 2017 attack in Stockholm . Her mother publicly distanced herself from using her daughter's name. On the way to the deed, Tarrant also played a Serbian nationalist battle song by Željko Grmuša (“ Karadžić , lead your Serbs”), which has been circulating on the Internet for several years with an anti-Muslim meme.

Tarrant has published a manifesto on the Internet under the title "The Great Exchange". He was referring to the popular hypothesis of neo-Nazism and the New Right of an alleged planned population exchange of white Europeans by Muslims and an “Islamization” of Europe. In the manifesto he called himself “ racist ”, “ethnonationalist” and “eco-fascist”. According to him, he had been planning such attacks for two years and the specific attack on the mosques in Christchurch for three months. Originally he wanted to attack the Al-Huda mosque in his place of residence. A major act of violence that had never occurred in New Zealand would show that nowhere in the western world is it safe for immigrants. He wanted to defend “his country” against “attackers” and create an atmosphere of fear in order to enable “revolutionary measures”. The attackers are all non-white immigrants. His inspiration is the right-wing extremist Norwegian terrorist and mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik . In the act he mentioned the Youtuber PewDiePie as an influence. This distanced himself. Tarrant also posted photos of his weapons on Twitter with the names of other right-wing attackers in white.

Tarrant stated in the manifesto that he supported Donald Trump as a "symbol of renewed white identity", not as a political leader. He cited texts by Dylan Thomas , Rudyard Kipling and William Ernest Henley . He named the British Fascist Oswald Mosley as a role model historically closest to his views and quoted him: "It" [the salvation of the white race] will come in one single way, not through existing governments, lobbies, parliaments and congresses, but under the compulsion of necessity, as a great wave of popularity, as the “great awakening of the soul of Europe”. Candace Owens has influenced him most of all to believe in violence rather than weakness, although he disapproves of some of her views as too extreme even for him. He expects to be set free after 27 years and then to receive the Nobel Peace Prize , which the terrorist Nelson Mandela received for the same deeds after the victory of his people . He called for the murder of Chancellor Angela Merkel because she had allowed large numbers of asylum seekers to come to Germany and was the "mother of all anti-white and anti-German things", of London's first Muslim mayor Sadiq Khan and of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . He hopes that his mass murder will widen the gap between the majority Christian NATO countries and Turkey as well as the gun owners and opponents, the races and political camps in the USA , hopefully trigger a second civil war there and "Balkanize" the USA to the white To renew supremacy and to seal the death of the "melting pot" of cultures. He supported everyone who stood up against ethnic and cultural genocide and named the racist assassin Luca Traini ( attack in Macerata 2018) and the Islamophobic mass murderers Anders Breivik, Dylann Roof ( attack in Charleston 2015), Anton Lundin Pettersson ( Trollhättan rampage in 2015 ) and Darren Osborne ( attack in London on June 19, 2017 ). He had brief contact with Breivik; he blessed his mission. He supported Brexit as a countermeasure against mass immigration, cultural displacement and globalism .

Ten minutes before his act, Tarrant emailed a copy of the manifesto to more than 70 recipients, including New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern . He did not provide details of the crime, so that it could no longer be prevented. At his first appearance before the magistrate, he introduced himself with a typical right-wing extremist gesture. On his Facebook profile he had linked many articles with reference to Europe, including a report on right-wing extremist soldiers in the German Bundeswehr , and wrote: "My blood is European". According to press reports, he is said to have met groups of the extreme right during a trip to Europe. In addition to the racist thesis of the “ Great Exchange ”, he represents a mixture of different, contradicting and absurd theses and slogans. The terrorism researcher Peter R. Neumann classifies Tarrant as a racist right-wing extremist on the basis of all these indications .

Tarrant distributed his manifesto on the same websites that the terrorist group Islamic State used. Like these, he used symbolism, coded language, and a historical narrative to regain a past glory. He placed links on social media in such a way that they reach as many readers as possible. Terrorism experts see it as a targeted recruitment and an ideological response of white nationalism to Islamism .

Political scientist Matthias Quent classifies Tarrant's terrorist attack as a means of spreading racist ideology around the world. He points out that Tarrant deliberately selected Muslims in mosques as victims, presented his act as supporting nationalist and populist movements, repeatedly referred to birth rates with which Muslims would supposedly replace the “white race” that condemned democracy, God for “death des conservatism ”and blamed“ cultural Marxists ”, social equality, individualism and globalization for the supposed social decline. The talk of the “Great Exchange”, of “ Umvolkung ”, “Volkstod” or “Genocide against the whites” is the core of this ideology, which denies migrants their right to exist and dehumanizes them. This ideology connects the new right, right-wing extremist “identities”, the American Alt-Right, in Germany Thilo Sarrazin , Akif Pirinçci , Gottfried Curio , Alexander Gauland , Björn Höcke and other representatives of the Alternative for Germany party (AfD) with right-wing terrorists and mass murderers like Breivik, his imitators and Uwe Mundlos ( National Socialist Underground ). Quent refers to the origin of the ideological core from National Socialism : Friedrich Burgdörfer had already spoken in the 1930s of the "death of the people" by "underpopulation" of whites compared to the supposedly more fertile blacks, who were described as inferior, and of the threatened "racial suicide" of whites caused by Jews . The National Socialists had justified the Second World War , the Holocaust and the euthanasia murder program with birth rates . Like earlier National Socialists, Tarrant had planned to murder Muslim children and young people because, in his view, they were future enemies and, from birth, guilty of the future increase in "invaders". This extreme use of force is inherent in every ethnocentric ideology, even if only a few took action. It is therefore wrong and disrespectful to the victims to portray Tarrant's act as any form of “hatred, violence and terror” or “extremism”.

Reactions

Social media

When requested by the New Zealand police, Facebook (30 minutes after the crime), Youtube , Google and Twitter blocked the perpetrator's footage. By then this had already been distributed millions of times and continues to circulate on the internet. Reddit blocked a variety of forums that shared the video or praised the act, including those that tried to stop it from being spread. Australian and New Zealand ISP also blocked 4chan , 8CHAN , LiveLeak and other Internet sites on which footage was made available.

On March 19, Facebook stated that the original perpetrator video had only been viewed around 4,000 times before it was removed, 200 times during the crime. No user complained about it; It was reported for the first time 12 minutes after the end of the live stream. The video, as well as Tarrant's Facebook and Instagram accounts, were deleted minutes after the New Zealand police reported this. More than 1.5 million copies were deleted in the first 24 hours after the attack and another 1.2 million copies were prevented from being uploaded. Try using software technology to track down and delete videos with the same content.

On YouTube, the video was uploaded once every second on March 15th. That is why the YouTube security team transferred content detection and deletion entirely to algorithms, used them as automatic deletion filters and also used upload filters. The emergency measures only worked to a limited extent; often copies were not recognized and harmless videos were blocked instead.

After severe criticism, criminal charges and legislative initiatives by several governments, Facebook admitted on March 30 that it had not done enough to prevent the video from being distributed. Software is being developed to track down videos with the same content and prevent uploads, and the upload rules for live streams and rules against hate postings will be tightened. Pages with content of white nationalism and separatism will be banned from Facebook and Instagram from April.

After the crime, right-wing extremists spread anti-Semitic conspiracy theories on the Internet , according to which Israeli (or US American) secret services were responsible for the attack.

New Zealand and Australia

Victim commemoration event, March 17th, 2019, in New Zealand's oldest cricket ground, Basin Reserve , in Wellington .

In her first response on March 15, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern described the attack as an unambiguous, carefully planned terrorist attack. There is nowhere in the world a place for the perpetrator's views. He said he chose New Zealand precisely because of its multicultural, friendly, compassionate citizens, because they gave refuge to people in need. But these values ​​cannot and will not be shaken by the attack. You are a proud nation of more than 200 ethnicities and 160 languages. She strongly condemned the perpetrator ideology. On March 19, she began a keynote address in front of parliament with the Islamic peace salutation Salam Alaikum and then turned to the families of the victims: “We cannot know your grief, but we can go every step of the way with you. We will surround you with everything that defines us. ”She praised those who had put their lives to prevent further deaths and thanked all first responders. You will never give the name of the assassin, so as not to fulfill his wish for fame. Ask them to say the names of the victims, not the perpetrators, and to keep the memory of them alive. New Zealanders wanted every member of the Muslim community to feel safe, free from fear of violence, free from racism and hatred. Everyone can do something about it. She concluded with the sentence: "We are one, they are us."

On March 20, Jacinda Ardern called for a worldwide fight against the racist right-wing extremist ideology of the perpetrator. Although this came from Australia, this ideology could not be completely ruled out in New Zealand despite large majorities. But she is strictly against the assumption that New Zealand's welcoming culture has promoted this ideology in any way. It is important to permanently deprive her of the breeding ground. That is a global task. A safe, tolerant and inclusive world cannot be guaranteed within national borders.

On March 21, 2019, the New Zealand government banned the sale with immediate effect, and from April 11, 2019 also the possession of assault rifles, semi-automatic weapons and large or extended ammunition magazines. The state wants to buy back legally acquired weapons of this kind and provide 120 million euros for them. Jacinda Ardern called on New Zealand gun owners to report their holdings to the police.

In solidarity with Muslim women and victims' relatives, many New Zealanders wore a headscarf demonstratively in the following days , including Jacinda Ardern and policewomen who were used to guard mosques. They wanted to reduce the fear of many Muslims of further attacks, give them a sense of home and show that they reject a division in society. The action met with praise and criticism. Liberal Muslim women pointed out that Islam does not require women to wear a head covering, but women who refuse to wear it are punished for it in some Islamic states such as Iran and Saudi Arabia .

Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison declared that Australia stood by the New Zealanders. Like Australia, New Zealand is a home for people of all faiths, cultures and backgrounds. There is absolutely no place in these countries for hatred and intolerance, which has brought about extremist, terrorist violence. Numerous other countries condemned the attack and expressed their condolences.

The Australian right-wing Senator Fraser Anning blamed New Zealand's immigration policy and Islam for the attacks. This sparked strong criticism at home and abroad. A 17-year-old Australian who smashed an egg on his head at a press conference to protest Anning's theses was hugely popular on social media.

Ahmed Bhamji , chairman of the largest mosque in New Zealand, suspected Mossad and Zionists as secret attack planners as a speaker at a demonstration . A demonstrator shouted that Israel was behind it. Representatives of the Jewish community and the New Zealand Human Rights Committee condemned Bhamji's statements.

On April 24, 2019, Jacinda Ardern launched the Christchurch Call, a global initiative against terrorist content on the Internet. She and French President Emmanuel Macron announced a summit meeting in Paris with politicians and heads of tech companies such as Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft and Google in order to involve them in the global fight against extremism and to exclude the live broadcast of a mass murder in the future. However, official control of file sharing platforms was seen as hardly possible. The meeting took place in Paris on May 15 at the Tech for Humanity meeting of the G7 countries. Participants included British Prime Minister Theresa May , Jordan's King Abdullah II , Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and EU Commission Head Jean-Claude Juncker . The US did not participate, signaling that it would not sign Ardern's appeal. The latter criticized that it was incomprehensible to them that, despite all the experience with massacres, there was no legal ban on semi-automatic weapons and assault rifles in the USA.

Other states

The German Chancellor Angela Merkel described the attack as an attack on the open and tolerant society and declared that she was on the side of the people in New Zealand.

British Home Secretary Sajid Javid emphasized, “Online platforms have a responsibility not to do the terrorists' work for them. This terrorist filmed his shooting with the intention of spreading his ideology. Tech companies need to do more to prevent its messages from being broadcast on their platforms ”. Internet companies that allow the distribution of prohibited content should prepare to face the full force of the law.

On March 15, AfD politician Harald Laatsch posted on Twitter that the perpetrator was an “immigrant” and that climate protection activists were responsible for the attack. To this end, he linked the name of Greta Thunbergs , the founder of the Fridays for Future protests . Nadine Leichter commented in the Frankfurter Rundschau that the AfD deliberately downplayed the danger from the right and misused it for incitement. The Berliner Zeitung described these tweets as "an apparent breach of a taboo and a bizarre context that can only be deduced from a right-wing extremist worldview". It is the AfD's calculation to get a lot of attention in this way. Viktoria Bolmer wrote on Bento that this behavior shows that right-wing politicians are not concerned with compassion and coming to terms with things , but rather with generating enemy images.

When asked on March 16, 2019, US President Donald Trump denied that the perpetrator ideology of white nationalism or white supremacy was a growing danger. In the same context he described the (statistically decreasing) immigration to the USA as "invasion". New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern had asked Trump after the attack to show sympathy and love to all Muslim communities and rejected his trivialization of right-wing extremist ideology. Since 2011, the amount and number of victims of racist and anti-Islamic mass murders have increased worldwide. In the United States, right-wing extremist violence and anti-Muslim hate groups have grown significantly since Trump took office.

The Turkish President Erdoğan used the perpetrator video in the Turkish local election campaign and accused the West of a crusade against Turkey. He threatened that anti-Muslim Australians would suffer the same fate as soldiers who fought against the Ottoman Empire in World War I. He demanded the death penalty for the perpetrator . Morrison accused Erdoğan of insulting Australian and New Zealand soldiers who died in World War I. New Zealand's Foreign Minister Winston Peters strongly condemned Erdoğan's use of the footage and announced that he would travel to Turkey to "confront" Erdoğan. Australia summoned the Turkish ambassador because of Erdoğan's statements.

Erdoğan's ally Devlet Bahçeli from the far-right MHP said Turkey would "drown the crusaders in its own blood".

Trial and verdict

Tarrant initially pleaded not guilty in the criminal trial, but surprisingly found himself guilty of 51 murder, 40 attempted murder and an act of terrorism in March 2020. He waived his right to speak in court. This saved those affected from grueling evidence and dispelled fears that Tarrant would use the process to self-portray and spread his racism.

On August 24, 2020, the prosecutor described the course of events in detail. This was the first time that it became known more precisely how Tarrant had planned his act: he moved to Dunedin and used a drone to scout out the mosques in Christchurch , obtained information about the mosques, their prayer times and photographs of the interiors on the Internet. He had previously obtained around 7,000 rounds of ammunition and firearms. He changed these so that they enabled a higher rate of fire. He also carried incendiary devices with him during the attack in order to burn down the mosques. In the Al-Nur mosque, he immediately opened fire on the around 190 believers present and shot at two fleeing groups one after the other. On the way to the second mosque, he commented on the act in the live stream and was amused by some of what had happened. He originally wanted to attack a third mosque in the Ashburton suburb, but was arrested by police on the way. During interrogation, he later regretted that he had not used the incendiary devices and that he had killed even more people.

On four days of the trial, more than 90 survivors and victims' relatives reported the lasting physical and mental consequences of the attacks; some spoke directly to the perpetrator. Several relatives said their Islamic community had been strengthened by the experience. The public prosecutor's office highlighted Tarrant's particularly underhanded approach: he had planned his act meticulously and shot people in the back who were kneeling on the floor in prayer. On August 27, 2020, the judge followed the indictment and sentenced Tarrant to life imprisonment with no parole and no early release option. Before doing this, he read out the names of all those killed, gave some details of their lives and those of their bereaved, then the names of the survivors and described their injuries. The perpetrator was motivated by his hatred of people whom he viewed as different from himself. He showed no mercy. An honest remorse for his inhuman act was not apparent. His crimes are so vicious that even if he remains in custody until his death, the required sentence will not be achieved. The sentence was the highest under New Zealand law and the first New Zealand verdict under the Terrorism Suppression Act of 2002. Prior to the verdict, Tarrant announced that he would not oppose the indictment. Prime Minister Jocinda Ardern welcomed the verdict and hoped that the perpetrator's name would never be spoken publicly again. He had achieved the opposite of what he wanted to achieve. He deserves to "spend the rest of his life in complete silence". It is up to the families whether they believe that justice has now been done. Hopefully they would have felt New Zealand's assistance throughout the process. The process and New Zealand's handling of the crime were widely praised as exemplary.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mass shooting suspect obtained guns legally, NZ prime minister says. abc15.com, March 16, 2019
  2. ↑ Christchurch shootings: 49 dead in New Zealand mosque attacks. BBC News, March 15, 2019
  3. ↑ 'Come here!': The man who chased away the Christchurch shooter , The Guardian, March 17, 2019.
  4. ↑ Christchurch perpetrators and identity boss frequently exchanged emails , NZZ, May 15, 2019
  5. ^ What we know so far about the New Zealand shooting. Guardian, March 15, 2019
  6. ↑ Turkish citizen hurt in Christchurch attacks dies, NZ death toll at 51: Minister. May 2, 2019, accessed October 26, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Christchurch mosque shooting: The faces of the victims. Otago Daily Times , March 16, 2019
  8. ↑ Assassination attempt in Christchurch: Police find more dead. Spiegel Online, March 16, 2019
  9. ↑ More than 40 dead in terrorist attack in New Zealand. Spiegel Online, March 15, 2019
  10. ↑ Christchurch shootings: First victim named as families wait anxiously. BBC, March 16, 2019; Elle Hunt: Several nationalities among Christchurch mosque victims. Guardian, March 15, 2019
  11. ↑ Christchurch shootings: The people killed as they prayed. BBC, March 21, 2019
  12. ↑ Assassination attempt in Christchurch: Police find more dead. Spiegel Online, March 16, 2019
  13. ↑ Conan Young: Lone gunman responsible for Christchurch terror attacks - police. Radio New Zealand, March 16, 2019
  14. ^ A b Vaughan Elder, Tim Miller: Otago rifle club 'in shock', accused 'bought gun in Dunedin'. Otago Daily Times, March 16, 2019
  15. ↑ a b c Austria may disband far-right group over link to NZ attack suspect. BBC, March 28, 2019
  16. ↑ a b Fabian Schmid: Christchurch assassin posted several photos from Austria. Standard.at, March 18, 2019
  17. ↑ Ministry of the Interior confirms the house search of identity spokesman Sellner - donation over 1,500 euros was known for a long time Standard.at, March 26, 2019
  18. ↑ Alex Mann, Kevin Nguyen, Katherine Gregory: Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell. ABC, March 23, 2019
  19. ↑ Nick Dole et al .: Accused Christchurch shooter posted Facebook image of Al Noor mosque days before attack. ABC News, March 29, 2019
  20. ↑ Yeni Zelanda'da glucamides katliam yapan terörist Brenton Tarrant'ın kullandığı tüfeğin şifreleri. Takvim.com.tr, March 16, 2019
  21. ↑ Christchurch: The assassin was interested in right-wing extremist soldiers in the Bundeswehr. Spiegel Online, March 16, 2019
  22. ↑ The Balkan Trail of the Christchurch Attack. Deutsche Welle from March 18, 2019
  23. ↑ a b Terrorist attack in New Zealand: Nationalist zeal, gun cult, racial hatred. Spiegel online, March 15, 2019
  24. ↑ Steven Nelson: New Zealand suspect mocked 'placid' Jeb Bush and hailed Trump as 'symbol of renewed white identity'. Washington Examiner, March 15, 2019
  25. ↑ Christchurch: The assassin was interested in right-wing extremist soldiers in the Bundeswehr. Spiegel Online, March 16, 2019
  26. ↑ Kevin Nguyen: Accused Christchurch mosque shooter Brenton Tarrant used same radicalization tactics as Islamic State, expert says. ABC, March 17, 2019
  27. ↑ Matthias Quent: Global rights are formed: The ice coldness of the national ideology. Der Tagesspiegel, March 24, 2019
  28. ↑ Sonja Peteranderl: Terror as a live stream - police want to delete attack videos from the network. Spiegel online, March 15, 2019
  29. ↑ Reddit closes “See People Die” forum after attack in New Zealand. Futurezone, March 16, 2019
  30. ^ Makena Kelly: New Zealand ISPs are blocking sites that do not remove Christchurch shooting video. The Verge, Vox Media, March 25, 2019
  31. ↑ Jannis Brühl, Anna Ernst: Christchurch Video: The platforms cannot keep up with the deletion. SZ, March 19, 2019
  32. ↑ Facebook to tighten live stream access after Christchurch attacks. DW, March 30, 2019
  33. ^ Effects of the terrorist attack in Christchurch (New Zealand) on the German right-wing extremist scene www.verfassungsschutz.de
  34. ↑ New Zealand PM full speech: 'This can only be described as a terrorist attack.' CNN, March 15, 2019
  35. ↑ Full statement: Jacinda Ardern addresses Parliament on Christchurch terror attack. TVNZ, March 19, 2019
  36. ↑ Christchurch shootings: Jacinda Ardern calls for global anti-racism fight. BBC, March 20, 2019
  37. ^ After the Christchurch attack: New Zealand bans semi-automatic weapons. Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 21, 2019
  38. ↑ New Zealand women wear headscarves in solidarity with Muslims after Christchurch shootings. ABC, March 22, 2019; Michael Taylor, Heba Kanso: New Zealand women face praise and protests for donning the hijab. Reuters, March 26, 2019
  39. ↑ Australian PM asks for flags to be flown at half-mast. CNN, March 15, 2019.
  40. ^ 'Sickening', Islamophobic remarks by Australian senator Fraser Anning after Christchurch attack, says Shanmugam. straitstimes, March 16, 2019
  41. ↑ Indonesia summons Australian ambassador over Fraser Anning's Christchurch remarks. The Guardian, March 18, 2019.
  42. ↑ Eggboy: 17-year-old hits Senator Fraser Anning's raw egg on the head. Jetzt.de, March 17, 2019; Egg Boy speaks after egging Senator Fraser Anning for lashing out at Muslims. news.com, March 18, 2019
  43. ↑ Jews outraged after mosque leader blames Mossad for Christchurch attack. Newshub, March 28, 2019
  44. ^ Michael Bachner: New Zealand mosque chairman slammed for blaming Christchurch shooting on Mossad. Times of Israel, March 29, 2019
  45. ^ Sonja Peteranderl: After the attack in New Zealand: How Jacinda Ardern wants to act against terrorist propaganda on the Internet. Spiegel, April 24, 2019
  46. ↑ Jacinda Ardern criticizes lax gun law: "To be honest, I don't understand the USA". Spiegel, May 15, 2019
  47. ↑ Merkel: We stand by the people in New Zealand. SZ, March 15, 2019
  48. ↑ Christchurch attack: tech firms must clean up platforms - Javid. Guardian, March 16, 2019
  49. ↑ AfD MPs blame climate activists for the Christchurch attack. Frankfurter Rundschau, March 16, 2019
  50. ↑ Climate activists accused: Christchurch assassination attempt: AfD politician provokes Shitstorm. Berliner Zeitung, March 15, 2019
  51. ↑ Viktoria Bolmer: AfD politician makes Greta Thunberg jointly responsible for Christchurch - what that says about the AfD. Bento, March 16, 2019
  52. ↑ Sam Levin: 'It's a small group of people': Trump again denies white nationalism is rising threat. Guardian, March 16, 2019
  53. ↑ Erdoğan shows Christchurch attack footage at rallies. Guardian, March 18, 2019.
  54. ↑ Controversial statements about attacks: New Zealand's foreign minister wants to confront Erdogan. Spiegel Online, March 20, 2019
  55. ↑ Erdogan uses video of massacre in election campaign. Daily mirror. 18th March 2019.
  56. ^ A b Till Fähnders: Christchurch assassin sentenced to life imprisonment. FAZ, August 27, 2020
  57. ↑ Till Fähnders: Hearing in New Zealand: Christchurch terrorist wanted to burn mosques down. FAZ, August 24, 2020