Mieszkowice
| Mieszkowice | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Gryfino | ||
| Area : | 5.00 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 47 ' N , 14 ° 29' E | ||
| Height : | 46 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 3647 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 74-505 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZGR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 31 : Szczecin ↔ Slubice | ||
| Ext. 126 : Osinów Dolny ↔ Dębno | |||
| Rail route : | PKP line 273: Breslau – Stettin | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 25 localities | ||
| 10 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 239.00 km² | ||
| Residents: | 7116 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 30 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3206053 | ||
| Administration (as of 2013) | |||
| Mayor : | Andrzej Salwa | ||
| Address: | ul. Fryderyka Chopina 1 74-505 Mieszkowice |
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| Website : | www.mieszkowice.pl | ||
Mieszkowice [ mʲɛʃkɔˈvʲiʦɛ ] ( German Bärwalde in der Neumark ; Kashubian : Berwôłd ) is a city in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship ; it belongs to the Powiat Gryfiński ( Greifenhagener district ) and has about 3500 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in the Neumark on the Kuritz River (Polish Kurzyca ), 15 kilometers east of the Oder .
Via the state road 31 ( droga krajowa 31 ) you can reach Königsberg in the Neumark ( Chojna ) to the north and Küstrin to the south . The German-Polish border crossing Hohenwutzen is 40 kilometers away. There is a connection to the railway line from Stettin to Küstrin. In the west there is a large forest area that has been developed for tourism. In the villages of Troszyn ( Trossin ) and Zielin, which belong to the municipality , natural gas and oil are extracted.
history
Little is known about the time of settlement of the place, which probably took place in the 13th century. It is attributed to the knight family Behr , who also founded the places Bernstein (pol. Pełczyce ) and Bärfelde (pol. Smolnica ). Archaeological finds indicate that there was once a large castle on the old trade route from Küstrin to Stettin .
On a peninsula on the Bärwalder See and the Kuritz swamps, the city was planned around a large market square. Margrave Albrecht III. has demonstrably stayed in Berenwalde several times since 1295 , in this context the place was first referred to as civitas in 1298 . In 1298 the construction of the Marienkirche began. It also remains uncertain whether Albrecht made the settlement a city. Bärwalde remained a popular place of residence for the Brandenburg margraves even among his successors. On August 14, 1319, the last Ascanian Margrave of Brandenburg , Woldemar , died in Bärwalde , who had previously renewed the city's rights in 1317 . His nephew Heinrich died here at the age of ten or twelve in 1320 , so the line became extinct.
In 1337 the Bärwalder Land comprised 29 villages and the Immediatstadt was the center of the dominion of the knight family Behr. At that time, many residents of the city and its surroundings belonged to the Waldensian religious movement . In 1353 Bärwalde became the Neumark mint . Bärwalde had been a walled city since the 14th century. The city wall with its 26 soft houses was preserved, the city gates were removed. The Hussites invaded Bärwalde in 1433 and burned the town down. In the years 1540 and 1558 the city suffered severe damage from city fires.
During the Thirty Years' War , the Swedish agent Gustaf Graf Horn negotiated the Treaty of Bärwalde with Richelieu's envoy , Hercule de Charnacé , on January 23, 1631 , in which France assumed a large part of the Swedish war costs .
In 1633 the city was devastated by the troops of Wallenstein . In 1637 the Swedish army passed through. As a result of the multiple looting and destruction, the city became deserted. In 1680 the number of citizens of Bärwald was only 80. In 1705 the town hall was rebuilt on the market square. The town recovered somewhat in the 18th century, but Bärwalde never regained its former importance and remained an agricultural town.
An upswing set in with new transport connections. In 1853 the road to Küstrin was built. In 1877 the city received a railway connection through the railway line from Stettin to Küstrin . At the beginning of the 20th century Bärwalde had a Protestant church, a synagogue and was the seat of a local court in Neumark .
From 1914 to 1945 there was an economic women's school in the city that was assigned to the Reifensteiner Verband, later the Luisenhof rural women's school. The operator was the board of directors of Evangelische Frauenhilfe e. V.
From 1818 to 1945 Bärwalde part of the district Königsberg (Neumark) in the administrative district of Frankfurt of the province of Brandenburg .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the region with Bärwalde was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . With the exception of a few houses, the city had hardly suffered any damage from the war. After the end of the war, Bärwalde was placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line conquered by Poland after the First World War . The German town of Bärwalde in the Neumark was given the new name Mieszkowice (named after the Polish Duke Mieszko I ). Unless the German residents had fled before the end of the war, they were subsequently expelled by the local Polish administrative authorities .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
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| 1750 | 1479 | |
| 1801 | 1755 | including nine Jewish families with 73 individuals, plus 216 military personnel |
| 1840 | 2913 | |
| 1850 | 3505 | including five Catholics and 69 Jews |
| 1858 | 3782 | including five Catholics and 69 Jews |
| 1867 | 3872 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 3721 | on December 1st, of which 3721 Protestants, seven Catholics and 37 Jews |
| 1875 | 4010 | |
| 1880 | 3901 | |
| 1890 | 3818 | including 23 Catholics and 24 Jews |
| 1900 | 3613 | almost only evangelicals |
| 1933 | 3575 | |
| 1939 | 3442 |
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Town twinning
- Wriezen , Germany
Personalities
- Elias Loccelius , also Löckel , (1621-1704), chronicler of Neumark and author of Marchia Illustratia , was pastor in Bärwalde between 1650 and 1673.
- Ida von Lüttichau (born von Knobelsdorff) (1798–1856), born in Sellin; Patroness and artist
- Friedrich Wilhelm Lüdersdorff (1801–1886), German chemist
- Reinhold Grundemann (1836–1924), missionary writer
- Peter Ostermeyer (* 1943), German chess master
- Bert Beel (* 1944), German singer
- Irene Fröhlich (* 1944), German politician (Alliance 90 / The Greens)
- Barbara Gentikow (1944–2014), German Scandinavian scholar and professor of media studies
- Angelika Waller (* 1944), German actress and professor of acting
local community
The urban and rural municipality Mieszkowice covers an area of 239 km² with 7405 inhabitants. This includes the following places with school authorities ( sołectwo ). Former German names are in brackets:
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Other localities in the rural community without the Schulzenamt are:
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literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3, Berlin 1809, pp. 102-104 .
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 384-386 .
- W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 396-398.
- Roland L. Busch: Bärwalde in the Neumark - life data of a city and its inhabitants. 1996.
Web links
- City and municipality website (Polish, German, English)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3: Die Neumark Brandenburg , Berlin 1809, p. 103 ( online ).
- ^ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, p. 101 .
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, p. 411 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their current existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 396-398.
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 384-386
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 118–119, No. 1 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. koenigsberg_n.html # ew39kbnmcbaerw. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
Cities: Cedynia (Zehden) | Chojna (Königsberg in the Neumark) | Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Moryń (Mohrin) | Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Urban and rural communities: Gmina Cedynia (Zehden) | Gmina Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark) | Gmina Gryfino (Greifenhagen) | Gmina Mieszkowice (Bärwalde) | Gmina Moryń (Mohrin) | Gmina Trzcińsko-Zdrój (Schönfließ Spa)
Rural parishes: Gmina Banie (train) | Gmina Stare Czarnowo (Neumark) | Gmina Widuchowa (Fiddichow)