Civil rights party for more freedom and democracy - Freedom

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Former logo of "Die Freiheit"

The civil rights party for more freedom and democracy - Die Freiheit (short name: DIE FREIHEIT ) was a right-wing small German party .

It was founded on October 28, 2010 in Berlin. The founders of the party were the CDU politicians René Stadtkewitz and Marc Doll and Aaron Koenig, previously a member of the board of directors of the Pirate Party Germany . Stadtkewitz, who had been elected to the Berlin state parliament in 2001, was elected chairman. After the party clearly missed the desired entry into the House of Representatives in the Berlin state elections in autumn 2011 , there was a dispute over the direction of the various party wings. At the end of 2011 to 2012, many members then left the party who criticized radicalization, in particular through the election of activist Michael Stürzenberger to the federal executive committee. According to Koenig, who also left the party, it was supposed to be “originally a classical liberal party”, which, however, has developed into the opposite. In 2013, Stürzenberger was elected chairman of the party. After that, the activities were largely stopped and the party dissolved itself at its federal party conference on December 4, 2016.

Freedom described itself as “ value conservative ” and “ bourgeois - liberal ”. It was classified as right-wing populist and Islamophobic or anti-Islamic tendencies.

history

Foundation and first choice

In September 2010, René Stadtkewitz, a member of the Berlin House of Representatives, was expelled from the CDU parliamentary group after he had invited the Dutch politician and chairman of the right-wing populist PVV , Geert Wilders , to a discussion event entitled “ Islam as an obstacle to integration ” in Berlin. Thereupon Stadtkewitz announced, together with Marc Doll (also previously CDU member) and Stefan "Aaron" Koenig (former federal executive of the Pirate Party ), the founding of a new party. The core theses should be the demand for more direct democracy and the defense of civil and civil rights.

On October 28, 2010 the party "Freedom" was officially founded in Berlin, initially with 50 members. Initially, only the federal association and the Berlin regional association were founded. For the most part, former CDU members were elected to the federal executive board. The plan to build a youth organization with the support of the Berlin German rapper Dee Ex, who joined the party for a short time , failed because of the musician's anti-Israel positions, which is why she left the party.

In January 2011, the party wanted to host its first state party conference in Berlin, but this had to be canceled because the landlord withdrew her commitment at short notice. A press conference was therefore improvised on the street, against which around 20 to 30 demonstrators protested. The state party conference finally took place in February 2011. There, “Freiheit” decided to run for the 2011 election to the Berlin House of Representatives and set itself the goal of getting well over five percent of the vote. On May 15, 2011, the party held its second Berlin state party conference, at which Stadtkewitz was elected as the top candidate for the House of Representatives election.

In June 2011, due to the rapidly increasing number of members, state associations of freedom were founded in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia, among others by former CDU , CSU and FDP officials . In Hamburg there were also two former members of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen who were elected to the state executive. The Swiss politician Oskar Freysinger ( SVP ), the American writer Robert Spencer and the Danish writer Lars Hedegaard were present and each gave a guest speech at different party congresses. In October 2011, the state associations of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony were founded. The party reached the peak of its membership development in September 2011, when it reportedly had 2,200 members.

On September 3, 2011 Geert Wilders ( PVV ) and Oskar Freysinger (SVP) took part in an election campaign event of the party in Berlin with around 1000 partially paying visitors. Despite this support from abroad and media attention, the party failed in the elections for the Berlin House of Representatives with just under one percent of the electoral reimbursement. The entry into the district council assemblies was also missed.

Dispute about direction and realignment

During the first federal party conference in Frankfurt am Main in December 2011, there was a dispute over the direction between various party wings. The delegates of the federal party congress elected the former CSU politician Michael Stürzenberger to the federal executive committee, although many state officials spoke out against him. In a post on the Politically Incorrect blog , Stürzenberger demanded that Muslims who did not renounce their beliefs should be forced to leave the country. The Bavarian Association then removed him from his position in the state executive committee and as press spokesman, because he had violated the party principle of freedom of belief. Moderate circles had previously warned that one should neither degenerate into a “one-topic party” because of the subject of Islam, nor should the “radical wing” appear dominant. The state chairman in North Rhine-Westphalia, Andreas Pokladek , was also critical of developments within the party, which earned him the polemical reprimand at PI that he now wanted to involve the party in the “ fight against the law ”. The party youth organization attested that Stürzenberger's theses were "unworthy of a liberal party [...]". After Stürzenberger was elected to the federal executive committee, the state executive boards of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse and Bavaria resigned almost entirely and left the party, as did two newly elected federal executive board members. The founding member Stefan "Aaron" Koenig also resigned from the party before the federal party congress, because freedom was "originally supposed to be a classic liberal party", but has developed into the opposite.

Further development, disintegration and radicalization

Participation in the state elections in North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein in 2012 failed due to formal obstacles. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the required 1000 signatures for voting permission could not be collected. In Schleswig-Holstein, the nomination party congress did not meet the 50 party members required to be able to decide to run for elections. In July 2012, the number of party members had fallen from originally 2,200 to 1,200. In the summer of 2012, another deputy federal chairwoman resigned from the party. According to the political scientist Florian Hartleb , the party was now in a desperate state.

In January 2013, the party ran its second state election in Lower Saxony and failed not only because it entered the state parliament, but also because of the one percent hurdle that is important for reimbursement of campaign costs. The party achieved a result of 0.3 percent of the second vote there.

In Munich, according to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, since 2013, Die Freiheit under its state chairman Michael Stürzenberger and their environment has particularly distinguished itself in the targeted generation of hate mail. Anyone who “publicly opposes right-wing extremism” and advocates an “open, tolerant urban society” or “interreligious dialogue” becomes “a target”. Those affected were denounced on relevant blogs or websites; In addition to profession, office and function, the email address was published. Michael Stürzenberger, who is also the head of the citizens' movement Pax Europa , writes regularly on the Internet blog Politically Incorrect (PI) and has published the addresses of politicians, scientists, religious representatives or the police there with the note that copies of the mails to several people To send to addressees. Several politicians in Munich were threatened with a flood of hate mail, as well as an imam and a Protestant pastor who had invited an imam to give a pulpit speech. The prosecution examined whether the content is relevant criminal law, such as whether they the offense of sedition meet. Joachim Herrmann confirmed that the Office for the Protection of the Constitution is intensively examining whether there are “sufficient indications for anti-constitutional efforts” of the party Die Freiheit and the weblog and thus for observation. Already in September 2011, close contacts between Die Freiheit and Stefan Herre , the founder and co-operator of Politically Incorrect , became known to the public.

Since 2012 Die Freiheit has been collecting signatures for a petition against the planned Center for Islam in Europe Munich (ZIE-M). CSU parliamentary group leader Josef Schmid assumed that Freedom had "the same degree of xenophobia as the NPD ." According to Munich's Mayor Christian Ude , Freedom was about a fundamental rejection of any religious freedom for Islam. Ude considered the boundaries between right-wing populism and right-wing extremism to be “extremely fluid”.

The Bavarian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution has been observing the Bavarian State Association of Freedom under the leadership of State Chairman Michael Stürzenberger as well as the Munich branch of Politically Incorrect since March 2013 and classified them as " extremist " because their actions violate the human dignity of Muslims and that threaten the peaceful coexistence of people of different origins and religions. Bavaria is the only state in which freedom is under surveillance. According to Bavaria's Interior Minister Joachim Herrmann, it was Islamophobia that developed outside of right-wing extremism. The observation was directed in particular against Stürzenberger and a "hard core" of the regional association, which consists of about five people. The mention in the 2013 report for the protection of the constitution was confirmed by the Bavarian Administrative Court in 2015.

In September 2013 the Münchner Bank terminated the party's account, justifying this by stating that the bank's cooperative values ​​were based on peaceful coexistence between people of different origins and religions and that the party's actions threatened this peaceful coexistence and violated human dignity. The Stadtsparkasse Munich also terminated the party accounts.

Extensive cessation of activities and dissolution

According to the federal chairman, Stadtkewitz, by autumn 2013, in just a few months , the freedom lost more than two thirds of its original number of members, which from then on was given as 500. On September 30, 2013 Stadtkewitz announced that all state and federal political activities of freedom would be stopped in favor of the AfD . His deputy, Stürzenberger, added, however, that they wanted to remain active at the local level and that a dissolution was not planned. Bernd Lucke , then party leader of the AfD, reacted to the announcement by Stadtkewitz by imposing a freeze on admission for former members of the Freedom Party , although exceptional cases are possible after individual examination and confirmation by the respective regional association.

In October 2013 René Stadtkewitz resigned from the office of Federal Chairman.

The new party executive agreed to work with the party Die Republikaner for the local elections in Bavaria and the European elections in 2014 .

At its federal party conference on December 4, 2016, the party dissolved itself by unanimous decision, which was confirmed in a ballot by the members. According to the last federal chairman, Stürzenberger, this "documents that all political tasks, including criticism of Islam, are in the best of hands in the hands of the AfD and that freedom is no longer needed." In addition, the Munich mosque project is on hold because there is a lack of donors, so the party is no longer necessary.

Political content

Policy

Freedom accused the political system of the Federal Republic of giving too much power to the parties that would decide in many decisions against the will of the majority. She called for an expansion of elements of direct democracy such as referendums at the federal level as well as the direct election of the Federal President.

She was hostile to the institutions of the European Union and described the EU as “not democratically legitimized rule of the Brussels central state, which is seizing more and more competences of its members.” The party called for “extensive restructuring, the dismantling of the civil service and the adjustment of the Salaries, the establishment of democratic institutions and the transfer of control to the European peoples ”as well as an“ adequate distribution of votes ”in the European Parliament . The Turkey joining the EU should be stopped by means of a referendum.

According to its self-portrayal, the party was primarily concerned with a “free society” and “values ​​of the Enlightenment ”. She also called for a “stop to immigration at least until the existing integration problems have been resolved” and a study of the costs and benefits of previous immigration . Top workers are exempt from the immigration ban. Above all, she turned against immigration from Muslim countries. One “has nothing against Islam as a religion”, but “all the more against political Islam as a totalitarian ideology, ” said Stadtkewitz. She saw new mosque construction projects as obstacles to integration. In the case of a planned mosque building, a change in building law should ensure that citizens and local or district parliaments must co-decide on the approval for building. “Freedom” also demanded that “victim protection should take precedence over offender protection”, “greater presence in public space and significantly better personnel and material equipment for the police”, the establishment of a voluntary police service , “consistent application of minimum sentences”, no unnecessary “comfort” "In prisons, the nationwide application of the" Kirsten-Heisig model ", a zero tolerance principle for criminals, prosecution of anti - Germans and zero tolerance for" culturally motivated crimes ".

In the areas of economy, finance, labor and social affairs, the party committed itself to the social market economy and called for a simplification of tax law, the review of all subsidies, the reduction of national debt, the establishment of fair competition without monopolies and expressed its skepticism about state programs for economic development . Direct taxes should be gradually reduced and replaced by indirect taxes. The unemployment benefits should by a workfare to replace concept, the community work instead transfer funds provides. The retirement age should be flexible and based on the contribution period. The trade tax and compulsory membership in the IHK should be abolished. A free and decentralized energy market was called for, and nuclear power should be decided in a referendum. The GEZ should be abolished in favor of tax financing. Internet censorship was rejected, as was data retention .

Nationwide school structures and educational standards were aimed for in educational policy. The tripartite school system should be retained, all-day schools should be expanded and private and state schools should be promoted. Tuition fees were rejected, and freedom of teaching materials should apply to all students. Families should be placed in a better position through remuneration for parenting.

Positioning on Israel and Judaism

In December 2010, delegates visited the Liberty at the invitation of former Israeli MPs Eliezer Cohen to Israel and adopted together with representatives of the right-wing populist parties FPÖ , Sweden Democrats and Vlaams Belang called the Jerusalem Declaration. In it, the signatories declared, among other things, their solidarity with the State of Israel and committed themselves “to democracy and the free constitutional state, to human rights in the sense of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , to international law and to the canon of values ​​of Western civilization, which is based on the intellectual heritage of the Greek Roman antiquity, Judeo-Christian cultural values, humanism and the Enlightenment. ”At the same time, they underlined a“ right of Israel to self-defense against all aggression, especially against Islamic terror ”.

Above all, the European media saw the declaration primarily as a strategic positioning: By acknowledging Israel's right to exist and taking a stand against Islamist terror, the parties tried primarily to create a broad front against Islam.

organization structure

The seat of the party was Berlin . The party was divided into the organizational levels federal association, regional associations and district associations. Organs of the federal association were the federal party congress (according to § 9 para. 1 Political Parties Act ) and the federal executive committee.

Members of the last federal executive committee:

  • Marion Dambmann
  • Ingo Jaeckel
  • Christian wood
  • Tilo Brettschneider

Up until the federal party congress in December 2011, there were two types of membership: full members with voting rights and so-called sustaining members, who had limited rights within the party (Section 3, Paragraph 6). According to the statutes, supporting members were entitled to attend, speak and apply at events organized by regional associations, but had no active or passive right to vote. Full membership could only be acquired after a personal interview. The minimum age for party membership was 16 years.

Freedom had formed state associations in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia, with the largest number of members in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Elections and mandates

Regional Association Berlin

The chairman René Stadtkewitz was elected to the Berlin House of Representatives in 2001 via the CDU's Pankow district list. He later resigned from the party and was then expelled from the parliamentary group. This gave Die Freiheit a mandate in the House of Representatives until the new election in September 2011. In April 2011, the former Kreuzberg FDP district councilor Edgar Glatzel also switched to Die Freiheit . Since then, the party has also been represented with a seat in the district assembly of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. In the new election of the district assembly in September 2011, the party lost this seat again.

Freedom took part in the 2011 election for the Berlin House of Representatives with the state list of 18 and 30 direct candidates and for the election of eleven district council assemblies and announced that it would be active nationwide. The party failed in this election with an election result of just under one percent at the five percent hurdle and thus missed both the entry into the Berlin House of Representatives and the district assemblies as well as the right to state party funding according to § 18 ( Party Act ).

Lower Saxony regional association

In the state elections in Lower Saxony in 2013 on January 20, 2013, the party stood with 17 candidates for the state list and two constituency candidates. It received 11,873 votes, which corresponds to 0.3 percent of the second votes.

Regional Association of Bavaria

In the state elections in Bavaria 2013 on September 15, 2013, the party entered Upper Bavaria . She received 5979 second votes (0.3 percent in Upper Bavaria), which corresponds to a nationwide result of 0.1 percent.

See also

  • Blu-News , internet portal of the former Bavarian state chairman Christian Jung

Web links

Commons : Freedom  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Florian Hartleb : Handbook of German political parties , p. 196
  2. ↑ a b Right-wing populist party “Freedom” - Islam haters continue . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 24, 2013
  3. ↑ a b Rudolf Stumberger: Freedom dissolved into thin air . In: New Germany . December 28, 2016, ISSN  0323-3375 , p. 5 .
  4. ↑ Thomas Witzgall: Freedom: Islamophobic party dissolves . Right end of the line, November 3, 2016
  5. ↑ Florian Hartleb : Civil Rights Party for More Freedom - The FREEDOM . In: Frank Decker , Viola Neu (Ed.): Handbook of German political parties . 2nd revised and expanded edition. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-658-00962-5 , p. 198.
  6. ^ Robert Philippsberg: Internal security . In: Manuela Glaab, Michael Weigl (Hrsg.): Politics and government in Bavaria . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-531-16037-5 , p. 350.
  7. ↑ Yasemin Shooman : "... because their culture is like this" - narratives of anti-Muslim racism . transcript, Bielefeld 2014, ISBN 978-3-8376-2866-1 , p. 146.
  8. ↑ Alexander Häusler , Rainer Roeser: The »Alternative for Germany« - an answer to the right-wing populist loophole? . In: Stephan Braun , Alexander Geisler, Martin Gerster (eds.): Strategies of the extreme right: Backgrounds - Analyzes - Answers . 2nd updated and expanded edition, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-01983-9 , p. 124.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Benz : Prejudices against Muslims - enemy image Islam . In: Anton Pelinka (Ed.): Prejudices. Origins, forms, meaning . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-026839-3 , p. 213.
  10. ^ Oskar Niedermayer : Party profile for the 2011 election to the Berlin House of Representatives. Federal Agency for Civic Education , August 26, 2011.
  11. ^ Daniela Kallinich: Party profile for the state election of Lower Saxony 2013. Federal Agency for Civic Education , December 17, 2012.
  12. ↑ Ulrich Zawatka-Gerlach: CDU parliamentary group excludes Stadtkewitz. In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 7, 2010.
  13. ↑ Freia Peters: "Freedom": New party planned in Berlin. In: Die Welt , September 11, 2010.
  14. ↑ Declaration of principles in the announcement of the founding of the party, September 2010. ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: die Freiheit.org . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / die Freiheit.org
  15. ↑ Robert Scholz: Islam critic Stadtkewitz founds party with former board member of the pirate party Aaron König. ( Memento of the original from October 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Endstation Rechts , 10 September 2010; Retrieved January 16, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.endstation-rechts.de
  16. ↑ Silvio Duwe: Right course makes "Freedom" wobble. Heise online , November 1, 2010.
  17. ^ First party congress of "Freedom" is canceled. In: Berliner Morgenpost , January 11, 2011.
  18. ↑ a b Konrad Litschko: "Freedom" without space. In: the daily newspaper , January 11, 2011.
  19. ^ "Freedom" has to cancel the party congress . In: Die Zeit , January 11, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011. 
  20. ↑ a b Werner van Bebber: “Freiheit” wants to stand for election. In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 8, 2011.
  21. ↑ Thomas Rogalla: Fight against Islam in the suit. In: Berliner Zeitung , May 16, 2011.
  22. ↑ Rudolf Stumberger : "Freedom" now also in Bavaria. In: Neues Deutschland , June 5, 2011.
  23. ↑ Torsten Uhrhammer: News from "Die Freiheit". ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Junge Freiheit , June 12, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jungefreiheit.de
  24. ↑ Andreas Rorowski: NRW State Association "Freedom" was founded in Recklinghausen. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . October 10, 2011, accessed October 12, 2011 .
  25. ↑ Christoph Spangenberg: Islam opponent Wilders comes to Berlin. In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 21, 2011.
  26. ^ Frank Jansen: Geert Wilders supports election campaign in Berlin. In: Die Zeit , September 3, 2011.
  27. ↑ a b Michael Klarmann: Collapse of a splinter party. In: heise online , December 17, 2011.
  28. ↑ a b Andreas Speit: Anti-Islam party without staff. In: the daily newspaper , April 16, 2012.
  29. ↑ Henning Hoffgaard: Cracked freedom.  In: Junge Freiheit , December 23, 2011.
  30. ↑ Aaron Koenig: "Freedom" - a failed project. ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: politicool.de , December 14, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.politicool.de
  31. ↑ "Freedom" dissolves . In: Schwäbische Zeitung , December 28, 2016
  32. ↑ Elisa Holz & Silke Lode: Rights threaten Protestant pastor - letters full of hate . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 29, 2013.
  33. ↑ Controversial website: “Politically Incorrect” closely linked to the right-wing scene . In: Spiegel Online . September 18, 2011, accessed May 10, 2016.
  34. ↑ Silke Lode: Demonstration of haters of Islam - movement on the right edge . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . November 2, 2012.
  35. ↑ Bernd Kastner: Right-wing populists in "Freedom" and PI - The dangerous poison of hatred . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 14, 2013.
  36. ↑ a b Bernd Kastner: Classification by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior - "Freedom" and PI are considered unconstitutional in Bavaria . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 12th, 2013.
  37. ↑ Extremism: The Protection of the Constitution observes Freedom and "PI" . In: The world . April 12th, 2013.
  38. ↑ Klaus Kohnen: BayVGH: Party "Freedom" may be observed by the protection of the constitution . In: Bavarian Legal and Administrative Report (BayRVR). 23rd November 2015
  39. ↑ Bernd Kastner, Ekkehard Müller-Jentsch: Right party “Freedom” - banks terminate Stürzenberger's accounts . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . September 30th, 2013.
  40. ↑ a b Christina Hebel: Anti-Islam party wants to join the AfD. Spiegel Online , October 1, 2013.
  41. ↑ Yassin Musharbash: Radical Views. Zeit Online Blog, October 1, 2013.
  42. ↑ AfD fights against right-wing new members. N24 , October 1, 2013.
  43. ^ Right-wing populist party "Freedom" - Islam haters continue . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 24, 2013
  44. ↑ rep-bayern.de
  45. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, What we stand for ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / die Freiheit.org
  46. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, basic program: “Europe and the World” ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / die Freiheit.org
  47. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, basic program: "Migration and Integration" ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / die Freiheit.org
  48. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, basic program: "Security" ( Memento of December 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  49. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, basic program: "Economy and Finance" ( Memento of December 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  50. ↑ www.die Freiheit.org, basic program: "School and Education" ( Memento of December 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  51. ↑ Lorenz Jäger: Journey to Jerusalem. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 13, 2010, accessed on December 17, 2011.
  52. ↑ Michael Thumann: Israel's false friends. In: Die Zeit , December 18, 2010, accessed January 17, 2011.
  53. ↑ Federal Board ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: die Freiheit.org . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / die Freiheit.org
  54. ↑ Werner van Bebber: Stadtkewitz stands by Wilders. In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 7, 2010, accessed on January 19, 2011.
  55. ↑ Hannes Heine: FDP district councilor changes to "freedom" In: Der Tagesspiegel , April 14, 2011.
  56. ↑ Election to the Berlin House of Representatives: Information from the regional returning officer (PDF; 18 kB)
  57. ↑ Stadtkewitz starts with “Die Freiheit”. In: BZ , September 10, 2010.
  58. ↑ Berlin elections 2011, 15 state lists approved . (PDF; 54 kB) Press release by the regional returning officer, from July 22, 2011
  59. ↑ Second votes in the election for the Berlin House of Representatives on September 18, 2011: preliminary result. The regional returning officer for Berlin, accessed on September 19, 2011 .
  60. ↑ State election 2013: Alphabetical list of applicants. In: landeswahlleiter.niedersachsen.de , December 6, 2012.
  61. ↑ Preliminary official final result of the 2013 state election. (PDF; 10.2 MB) State Returning Officer Bavaria