Jászberény
| Jászberény | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Northern Great Plain | ||||
| County : | Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Jászberény | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 30 ' N , 19 ° 55' E | ||||
| Area : | 221.35 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 26,965 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 122 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 57 | ||||
| Postal code : | 5100 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 18209 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2015) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Mayor : | Tamás Szabó (Fidesz-KDNP) | ||||
| Postal address : | Lehel vezér tér 18 5100 Jászberény |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Jászberény [ ˈjaːsbɛreːɲ ] ( German : Jaßbring , locally also Berény ) is a town with about 28,000 inhabitants in Hungary , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county . It is located in the north-western foothills of the Great Hungarian Plain, 75 km east of Budapest on both banks of the Zagyva and is considered the capital of the Jászság region , where its own folklore traditions (e.g. folk dances ) are passed on.
historical overview
The oldest archaeological finds in Jászság come from nomadic people of the Stone Age and date to around 16500 BC. Through excavations (2002) in Jászberény and Jásztelek to research the hunter and gatherer cultures of the Mesolithic in the northern part of the Hungarian lowlands by Róbert Kertész clear traces of settlement could be discovered. During this time the climate warmed up . As a result, the ice age coniferous forest along the river valleys was replaced by deciduous forest , the ecosystem changed and a new fauna established itself in the Carpathian Basin . The previously nomadic living cultures were put under pressure and at the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene they became sedentary. Traces from this period indicate that people actively worked towards the spread of hazelnut bushes - an early form of agricultural use . To the south of the Jászság, arable farming and livestock farming could be proven at the same time . Since the development of agriculture in the Carpathian Basin was decisive for the Neolithic revolution in Europe, these investigations represent an essential milestone in archeology.
From approx. 6000 BC. There are permanently inhabited settlements along the Ur-Zagyva. From around 2800 BC From the south, new peoples with the ability to cast bronze colonize the country. In Jászság you can find the settlement form of the tell known from the Near East and thus the northernmost occurrence of this form.
From the fourth and third centuries BC, traces of the Celts coming from the west can be found in Jászság. There are Celtic cemeteries at Jászberény, Hajta and Jászjákohalma . From the first century AD, the Jazygen tribe, who immigrated from Sarmatia , settled in the Hungarian lowlands, to which the Jászság also belongs. After losing battles with the Romans in the course of the Marcomann Wars , the warlike equestrian people became a tributary alliance behind the Limes Sarmatiae, which Rome established in the fourth century . Their settlements can still be proven in the time of the Huns' Storm (fifth century AD). Avars settled in the region in the middle of the sixth century and were eventually ousted by the invading Magyars in 895 .
During the reign of the Hungarian King Bela IV , the Jász people , who are also called "Jazygen" ( Jassen ), settled in Hungary in the 13th century . The Jász are assigned to the Indo-Iranian peoples based on linguistic research . Its original name Àsz changed to Jász under Slavic and Turkish influences . This information is derived from a Jazygian dictionary from the 1500 century, which lists around forty expressions from the subjects of cattle, grain, food, vessels and greetings. Their settlement area extended on the southern edge of the Mátra to the west to the Gödöllöer hill country , in the east to almost the Tisza and to the south to today's Szolnok , north of the Kyptschak ( Hungarian Kun ) who settled there . The settlement area was formed in the 15th century a castle district with the seat ( sedes ) Berény which until 1876 the capital of the county Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok ( Jazygien and Cumania was).
In 1536 the Jászság was attacked and occupied by the Turks. In Berény, the Turkish troops built a military post from the destroyed Franciscan monastery and the church built in 1472.
After the end of Turkish rule, Leopold I sold the Jászság, more precisely the Jaziger District, Greater and Small Humania, to the Teutonic Order on March 22nd, 1702 , thereby abolishing the district's privileges, which were no longer perceptible during the Turkish era. The Teutonic Order made Berény its headquarters and now officially named the city the capital of the Jászkun district (Jászság, Kiskunság and Nagykunság). The population did not agree to the sale. During the Rákóczi uprisings , the population supported Francis II. Rákóczi and turned to legal means after the uprising was put down. They collected the necessary amount and bought back their own land. In 1745 Maria Theresa recognized the redemption (redemption) and largely restored the former privileges.
As a result of the Hungarian revolution from 1848–1849, the independent administrative system in Jászkun was lifted again. The triple region (Jászság, Kiskunsági and Nagykunság) was dissolved in circles located, two of which were formed from the former Jászság. District towns were Jászberény and Jászapáti .
In 1860 the region regained its autonomous self-government , only to finally lose it in 1877. Kiskunság was divided into Pest ( Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun ) and Bács ( Bács-Kiskun ) counties, Jászság and Nagykunság were added to Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The new county capital was now Szolnok and Jászberény lost its former importance.
economy
Jászberény is an important school and administrative center. A grammar school founded in Jászapáti in 1767 was moved to Jászberény in 1779. The teachers' college, established in 1917, has been continued as the "Szent István" University in Jászberény since January 1, 2000. As part of the first Hungarian five-year plan (1954–1959), one of the three most important projects in the Hungarian lowlands - the Aprítógépgyár RT (heavy machinery factory) - was founded in Jászberény. In 1952 a refrigerator factory - LEHEL Hűtőgépgyár ( Hungarian Lehel refrigerator factory ) - was founded, which produced all refrigerators for Hungary and thus achieved national importance. In 1991, the Swedish household appliance manufacturer Electrolux took over the plant, which has since been considerably modified and expanded. With around 3500 employees, the plant is one of the largest companies in Hungary. As part of this development, other industrial companies - mainly mechanical engineering and plastics processing - settled in the region, which also stimulated trade and Jászberény strengthened its role as the most important trading center in the region. In addition, even after the privatization of land ownership, agriculture remains an important branch of the economy . The most important crops are cereals, onions and melons.
Culture
Jászberény has a lively cultural life. The following choirs, folk music groups and dance groups are known from the city: Jászság Népi Együttes, Lehel Társastánc Klub, Palotásy János Vegyeskar, Székely Mihály Kórus, and Vasas Kórus.
Jászberény annually organizes an International Tanzhaus- and musicians camp (Nemzetközi Táncház és Zenésztábor), a Csango Festival ( Csángó Fesztivál ), the National Honey Market ( Országos Mézvásár ) and since 1996 various events during the summer Jászberényer ( Jászberényi Nyár ).
museum
On December 24, 1874, at the instigation of the Deputy Mayor Orbán Sipos, the Museum of the City of Jászberény was opened in an outbuilding of the then town hall.
The museum contains a large collection of archaeological, historical and ethnological exhibits related to the Jász (Jászság) region.
The Lehel legend
Jászberény is one of the most popular folk tales in Hungary, the Lehel saga .
During a campaign by the Hungarians to Germany around 950, a major battle broke out on the Lechfeld near Augsburg . Part of the Hungarians were surrounded by German units, then killed or captured. Two Hungarian military leaders were also captured in this way. When brought before the emperor, he offered them to choose a mode of death that would suit them. One of them - Lehel - then asked to play his horn again. His horn was handed to him. He seized it, rushed to the emperor and killed him with the horn and shouted: "You will be my servant in the hereafter!" This, because the ancient Magyars believed that slain opponents would continue to live as servants of the victor in the hereafter.
A Byzantine ivory horn, known for a long time as the "Horn of Lehel", is kept in the Jásberény Museum. Neither the legend nor the identity of the horn can be scientifically proven.
Development of the population
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 25 227 |
| 1910 | 29 675 |
| 1920 | 31 971 |
| 1960 | 30 332 |
| 1985 | 30,983 |
| 1990 | 29 221 |
| 1996 | 28 502 |
| 2001 | 28 207 |
Twin cities
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Vechta , Germany
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Yazd , Iran
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Sedalia, Missouri , USA
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Conselve , Italy
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Sucha Beskidzka , Poland
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Topoľčany
sons and daughters of the town
- Déryné Széppataki Róza (1793–1872), opera singer
- Janka Zirzen (1824–1904), pioneer of Hungarian teacher training, director of the first state teacher training institute in Hungary
- Antal Beleznay (1859–1915), composer and conductor
- Albert Bertalan (1899–1957), painter from the École de Paris
- Mihály Székely (1901–1963), opera singer
- Aladár Gerevich (1910–1991), Olympic champion in fencing
- Tibor Csík (1927–1976), Olympic champion in boxing
- Renáta Sándor (* 1990), volleyball player
- Barbara Somogyi (* 2002), short tracker
swell
- ^ List ( memento of June 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) of German place names in Hungary
- ↑ Pallas Online retail lexicon
- ↑ a b c d e f Róbert Kertész (2002) Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Northwestern Part of the Great Hungarian Plain ; PRAEHISTORIA vol. 3 (2002)
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Haak (2006) Population genetics of the first farmers in Central Europe - An aDNA study on neolithic skeletal material ; Inaugural dissertation to obtain the academic degree of Dr. phil. at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Online ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 7.1 MB)
- ^ William J. Eichmann (2004) Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe ; Fulbright Student Conference Papers in collaboration with the Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Edit Bathó Horti et al. (1999) Life in the Land of the Jászen , Foundation for the Jász Museum (self-published) ISBN 963-03-6864-1
- ↑ a b c d Péter Korniss (2001) Jászság - Tájak, korok, emberek ; Magyar Könyvklub, ISBN 963-006523-1 .
- ↑ Marcelo Tilman Schmitt: The Roman Foreign Policy of the 2nd Century AD. Securing Peace or Expansion? Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 978-3-515-07106-2 . P. 146.
- ↑ Documents discovered in the Széchényi National Library in 1950 were linked to the Ossetian language through comparative linguistic research . On-line
- ↑ Karl Freiherrn von Czoernig, Ethnographic Map of the Hungarian Monarchy from 1855 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; on Wikipedia Commons, accessed June 26, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e f Self-presentation of the city on the homepage , accessed on September 1, 2012
- ^ The Breitenbach Collection on the History of the Teutonic Order ( online access ) in the Baden-Württemberg State Archives, accessed on July 23, 2011
- ↑ a b Sebők Balázs (2009) The Industrialization of the Great Hungarian Plain - (Phd. Thesis); University of Szeged Graduate School of History; Online (PDF file; 105 kB), accessed on September 1, 2012
- ↑ a b Business Opportunities in Jászberény ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 782 kB); Brochure within the framework of the Széchenyiplans of the National Development Agency in cooperation with the European Union.
Web links
