Buttelstedt
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Buttelstedt
Rural community Am Ettersberg
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| Height : | 200 m |
| Area : | 18.85 km² |
| Residents : | 1317 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 70 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 2019 |
| Postal code : | 99439 |
| Area code : | 036451 |
Buttelstedt is a district of the rural community Am Ettersberg in the north of the Weimarer Land district . The Scherkonde flows through Buttelstedt .
history
9th to 14th centuries
At the beginning of the 9th century Buttelstedt is mentioned in a document as Botalastat in a register of the goods of the Hersfeld Monastery, built by Archbishop Lullus († 786) of Mainz . "In 1052, Emperor Heinrich III gave the diocese of Naumburg sovereign rights in Buttelstedt, which were passed on to the Landgraves of Thuringia from the House of Wettin in the 14th century ." It owned one of the four dinghies of the Landgraviate, so it was a court of justice for the Thuringian nobility and was first mentioned in this function in 1119 as Maspe (ie aspen ).
In Buttelstedt two important traffic routes crossed from south to north and west to east. The latter connection was the Via Regia . A castle in Buttelstedt secured the crossing in the old town. For a long time she was subordinate to the Thuringian Landgraves. There are no traces left of this fortress. At that time the Via Regia was also protected by a castle in the neighboring village of Weiden on the ridge of the current Cyriakskirche. Today the moat is still in front of the wall and the church tower and the masonry also have slits. The church is therefore the follow-up to the former fortification.
14th to 16th century
In the 14th century Buttelstedt was already the seat of a landgrave's bailiwick, which was transferred to Berthold Vitzthum in 1374 . In the following years, the place often formed a pawn for the debts of the sovereigns. After 1374 Buttelstedt was pledged to Georg von Heitingsburg ( Hetschburg ). After it was redeemed, "Castle and town with all villages, pensions, interest and courts" were transferred to Leutolf, Hans and Dietrich von Gottfahrt by Landgrave Friedrich the Peaceful in 1434.
In 1454, Duke Wilhelm III awarded. from Weimar to Buttelstedt the same town and civil rights that Weissensee had already received from its predecessors. In 1458 Duke Wilhelm lent the city with the judicial district to Hans von Meusebach zu Schwerstedt , who had acquired it from the Lords of Gottfahrt for 300 silver marks. In 1489 the Ernestine Elector Friedrich the Wise and his brother John the Constant renewed this prescription for the castle, town and office of Buttelstedt to Hans von Meusebach's son. However, the villages of Großmölsen , Niederreißen , Groß- and Kleinobringen were ceded from the district . The rest of the office with the villages of Krautheim , Schwerstedt , Weiden and Oberndorf (devastated in 1641) came into the possession of Meusebachs, subject to the right of repurchase.
In 1544, Elector Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous redeemed the Buttelstedt office from Albrecht von Meusebach. However, this happened in such a way that he left him some goods, interest and courts in the villages of Krautheim, Weiden and Schwerstedt, which belong to the Schwerstedt care, for the amount owed. Thus, the former Buttelstedt office only remained in sovereign possession of the city itself. By relocating the official seat of the Bailiwick Brembach to Buttelstedt, the city became the seat of the “Bailiwick Brembach zu Buttelstedt”, but it was still under the jurisdiction of the Weimar Office . At that time the Bailiwick of Buttelstedt included the places Rastenberg, Olbersleben, Großbrembach, Kleinbrembach, Vogelsberg, Sprötau, Vippachedelhausen, Niederreißen, Rohrbach and Nermsdorf.
16th to first half of the 19th century
After the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the city of Buttelstedt with the "Vogtei Brembach zu Buttelstedt" remained in the possession of the Ernestines. It came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar when Erfurt was partitioned in 1572 . After 1617, the Chancellor von Goechhausen in Weimar acquired part of Gottfahrt's property in Buttelstedt, and in 1650 jurisdiction over the city took place, which remained with the manor until the patrimonial courts were abolished in 1850. After the death of Duke Wilhelm IV of Saxony-Weimar , the Brembach Bailiwick was divided in 1662. Most of the Brembach Bailiwick with the towns of Buttelstedt, Großbrembach, Rastenberg, Olbersleben, Niederreißen, Rohrbach and Nermsdorf remained with Duke Johann Ernst II of Saxe-Weimar . In 1735, Buttelstedt and the Bailiwick of Brembach became part of the Hardisleben Office , which from 1741 belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . After Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach was elevated to the status of a Grand Duchy , Buttelstedt came to the newly formed Buttstädt Office in 1817 , which was opened in the Apolda administrative district in 1850 .
Second half of the 19th century to the present
In 1887 the city received a rail connection to Weimar, Rastenberg and Großrudestedt. The Weimar-Rastenberger Eisenbahn- Gesellschaft operated this secondary line with meter gauge . In 1898 the Berlin-based railway entrepreneur Herrmann Bachstein took over the uneconomical railway, shut down unprofitable routes and continued to operate the railway, popularly known as "Laura", until 1946, from 1923 under the name Weimar-Buttelstedt-Großrudestedter Railway . In 1946 the railway was classified as in need of repair and was shut down. Before the First World War, a brick factory was built that existed until the 1950s. The clay required for this was extracted from clay pits near Haindorf and transported to the brickworks by cable car.
On January 1, 2019, the city of Buttelstedt was merged with other municipalities of the administrative community of Northern Weimar to form the rural municipality of Am Ettersberg . The districts of Daasdorf , Nermsdorf and Weiden belonged to the city of Buttelstedt .
schools
In Buttelstedt there is a primary school, as well as a state regular school "Am Lindenkreis" Buttelstedt and the Lyonel-Feininger-Gymnasium . 650 children from the twelve surrounding communities are taught at the Buttelstedt schools.
City arms of Buttelstedt
On the coat of arms and seal of Buttelstedt, St. Nicholas was originally depicted, who as a martyr and saint was invoked as patron saint in Catholic Christianity, especially by travelers and merchants, since the 5th century. So his veneration was introduced in Buttelstedt and the town church was consecrated to him and at the same time to St. Stephen. Later a change occurred in the depiction of the patron saint on the coat of arms and seal. The municipality of Buttelstedt also placed itself under the protection of this saint by changing the old coat of arms and seal. In the pictorial representation of Laurentius (was executed because he distributed treasures to the poor) a mistake was made, because he was not a bishop but a deacon, one should have left out the bishop's cap and staff ...
Menhir whetstone or long stone
Before the outskirts of Buttelstedt on the right of the B 85 from the direction of Kölleda there is a special cultural monument, the menhir . In the vernacular and in older descriptions, it is also called a long stone or whetstone . Legends and stories arose around him. This vertically standing, 2.80 meter high, four-edged, bluntly pointed shell limestone, which is only slightly weathered for its age, is the most beautiful menhir in Thuringia and is estimated to be 5000 years old. For a long time it was unclear whether it was a border or path mark or a cult stone. Today we know that it is a dead stone. A menhir was placed at the head of a megalithic grave as a throne of the soul, because it was believed that the soul of the deceased left its grave on various occasions to take a seat on the high stone . The best-known legend of the Buttelstedt menhir is: Two giants used to mow grass in their field at the same time. Then the giant from Ettersberg called out to the Finn: "My scythe has become blunt, just throw me your whetstone". Immediately the person called fulfilled this wish and threw the stone to his neighbor, but no longer had the strength to throw this stone as far as the Ettersberg. The stone fell to the ground near Buttelstedt. As a ground monument, it is now under legal protection.
people
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Friedrich Fasch (1688–1758), baroque musician and composer
- Johann Ludwig Krebs (1713–1780), composer
- August Wilhelm Hupel (1737–1819), pastor and man of letters
- Ernst Friedrich Köhler (1788–1851), court preacher and general superintendent in Weimar
- Karl Stark (1836-1897), psychiatrist
- Otto Stoeckel (1873–1958), actor
- Walter Beinzger (1889 – after 1937), special representative for insurance
People connected to the city
- Gustav II Adolf , King of Sweden, stayed in town on October 29, 1632.
- King Frederick II (the Great) (1712–1786) stayed in the village from September 28 to October 2, 1757.
See also
literature
- Otto Kürsten, Otto Bremer: Phonology of the dialect of Buttelstedt near Weimar (= collection of short grammars of German dialects. Vol. 9, ZDB -ID 517262-7 ). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1910.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Huschke: Buttelstedt. In: Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , p. 67.
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 78 and 158.