Carlsfeld (Eibenstock)

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Carlsfeld
City of Eibenstock
Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 0 ″  N , 12 ° 35 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 837 m
Area : 24 km²
Residents : 710  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 30 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1997
Postal code : 08309
Area code : 037752
Carlsfeld (Saxony)
Carlsfeld

Location of Carlsfeld in Saxony

Carlsfeld is a district of the Saxon town of Eibenstock in the Erzgebirge district .

Geographical location and climate

location

Carlsfeld is located in the Upper Ore Mountains not far from the border with the Czech Republic at an altitude of about 850 m. According to the natural space map of Saxony , it belongs to the “Carlsfelder Wilzsch-Tal” microgeochore and is part of the “Eibenstocker Bergrücken” mesogeochore. The place is surrounded by spruce forests, through which the state road 276 leads from Wildenthal to Wilzschhaus , running below Carlsfeld in the Wilzsch valley to where it flows into the Zwickauer Mulde and reaching the federal road 283 in Wilzschhaus .

"Hefekloß" pass in Carlsfeld
View of Carlsfeld in spring 2006

Community structure

In addition to the main town of Carlsfeld, the district of Weitersglashütte and the Blechhammer , Wilzschmühle and Neues Wiesenhaus settlements in the Wilzsch valley also belong to the town. The houses of the former Weiterswiese settlement had to give way to the construction of the Weiterswiese dam at the end of the 1920s .

Neighboring places

Wilzschhaus Eibenstock Wildenthal
Dawn Neighboring communities Weitersglashütte
Sachsengrund Weiterswiese Jelení

climate

With an annual average of 4.8–5.1 ° C, the Carlsfeld plateau is one of the coldest parts of the Western Ore Mountains.
The average summer temperatures in the period from 1961 to 1990 were 11.3 ° C in June, 12.8 ° C in July and 12.5 ° C in August. Due to climate change, the average temperatures rose to 12.1 ° C in June, 14.2 ° C in July and 14.0 ° C in August (based on the years 1981 to 2010). The German Weather Service determined these values at its automatic weather station Carlsfeld, which is located above the built-up area at an altitude of 897 meters. This makes Carlsfeld the place with the lowest average temperature in the summer months in terms of the mean values ​​of the current station locations (2012) of the German Weather Service.

history

Local founder Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1688)
View of the town around 1900 with the train station and glassworks

The place was founded in the 17th century

The place was created at the instigation of Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld in 1677 not far from the already existing Weitersglashütte. He had bought land as well as iron ore and tin mines along the Wilzsch river. For further processing, von Carolsfeld had hammer mills built, which were equipped with two blast furnaces , rod and fresh fire to make the iron malleable, a pipe hammer, a wire mill and a tin house. The systems primarily produced tinplate that could be sold across Europe. The first house on site was that of the hammer gentleman Schnorr. Initially, until the Carlsfeld Church was built, masses and devotions took place there. In accordance with the privileges granted to him, he had a grinding mill and a malt and brewery built for his workers .

Schnorr also ran an inn, the Green Tree. He donated the church building including the rectory and a school building built in 1688. Until 1688 the place named after its founder belonged to the parish of Schönheide , after which the church became independent. The parish of Carlsfeld merged in 1998 with the parish of Eibenstock to form the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Eibenstock-Carlsfeld.

Development in the 19th century

August Schumann wrote in 1817 in the State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony regarding Carlsfeld a. a .:

“With the exclusion of the individual forest houses and works, the place has 65 houses and over 800 inhabitants. The local hammer estate and hammer mill was laid out by Veit Hans Schnorr, who was founded by Johann Georg III in 1678. received the privilege. Because of the settling Bohemian exiles in 1680 a court or a dinghy with inherited courts was created, […] ”
“ The local hammer mill, to which the Weiters Glashütte and a considerable forest area also belong ½ hour away, exists from a Hohofen , 2 fresh fires , 2 tin fires, a Zainhammer , and privileges to shovel and gun hammer, iron and brass wire works, paper mill etc. In addition, he is entitled to the inheritance courts over the place and the mentioned glassworks, also the patronage right . "

Albert Schiffner added in 1830:

“There are 2 grinding mills and 1 cutting mill here . The Hammerw. also has medium and low hunt, brewery, pond u. wild fishing, concession on brick and lime kilns. "

The following can be read about the occupations of the population at Schumann:

“The area of ​​Carlsfeld is called by many the Saxon Siberia and is however rough and barren. [...] So there is still no cultivation of grain here, but potatoes have been grown successfully for several years , only because of the lack of space not a tenth part of the need can be produced. The inhabitants meanwhile practice good cattle breeding, and their food also flows partly from the local iron hammer and the associated mining, partly from lace- making , pétinet sewing (breakthroughs in the product image) and the business of various craftsmen. Over 20 people always work in 9 Nagelschmidtswerkstätten ; You can also find skilled carpenters and other craftsmen who form a common guild. "

Schiffner added in 1830:

“It is strange that after multiple traces u. special after excavated. Field equipment, field cultivation up to the age of 30. Wars could not have been insignificant 1 […]. For a few years now, crops have also been grown. "

With the advent of cheap tinplate from England , the hammer mill was given up after 1820. Instead, glass production began in Carlsfeld. A hollow glass factory was operated on the grounds of the New Hammer until 1979 .

Clock production
In the buildings of the former hammer mill, the construction of wall clocks in the Black Forest style began around 1829 . When production began, watchmakers were recruited from the Black Forest. Hugo von Bose reported in his Handbook of Geography, Statistics and Topography of the Kingdom of Saxony in 1847:

"This enterprise was founded in 1829 by some philanthropists to remedy the great poverty that prevails among most of the residents of the village of Carlsfeld in" Saxon Siberia "[...] The high state government stepped in with a loan of 2000 thalers. a, which is already up to 700 Thlr. have been repaid. The factory employs 45 people, 42 of whom live in the factory building and are fully maintained. The factory has […] around 40 varieties ”, which“ are particularly distinguished by their quality, accuracy, duration, taste and elegance and which are far superior to those of the Black Forest, which was recognized by the large silver medal. More than 7000 wall clocks are manufactured in Carlsfeld every year. May every Saxon household have a Carlsfeld wall clock. "

As early as the 1841/42 financial year, around 7,000 watches were made. Tower and station clocks followed later. Watchmaking began to decline in the last third of the 19th century. In 1866, the Plauen Chamber of Commerce reported an unfavorable development, which was also attributed to competition from unauthorized peddling, although the Carlsfelders themselves were allowed to sell directly through peddling. In 1884 production was still operated by the three companies W. Lorenz, H. Lorenz and K. Glöckner with a total of 14 to 15 workers.

Carlsfeld until 1990

Carlsfeld (1930)

On August 7, 1908, the Wilzschbach flowing through Carlsfeld flooded large parts of the village. This flood was the result of three days of uninterrupted rain that severely damaged some houses. In order to regulate the water and to protect against flooding, the municipal office decided together with the Saxon state government to build a dam. The eight houses in Weiterswiese were demolished and the Carlsfeld dam built between 1926 and 1929 .

During the First World War , many companies came to a standstill or were continued with a small workforce. Production declined accordingly - the same was true for the time of the Second World War . After the Second World War, hundreds of miners were quartered by the SDAG Wismut in Carlsfeld and resided there for a few years.

In the GDR era, the small farmers in the village were asked to found an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) under the leadership of the SED . From 1952 onwards, they kept chickens together, in 1954 a pigsty and in 1958 a cattle house for 65 animals.

From June 21, 1897 to July 14, 1967, Carlsfeld was the terminus of the Wilkau-Haßlau-Carlsfeld narrow-gauge railway . In addition to the Carlsfeld train station, there were also the Blechhammer, Wilzschmühle and Wiesenhaus sites in the Wilzsch valley.

After 1990

The turning point led to the re-establishment of the Free State of Saxony , the reprivatisation of agricultural businesses and completely new administrative structures. Carlsfeld was incorporated into Eibenstock on April 1, 1997. On May 23, 1997, Carlsfeld received the title of "state-approved resort".

Carlsfeld museum station, on the far left is the demolished municipal office

The Association for the Promotion of Historic West Saxon Railways (FHWE) reconstructed the old locomotive shed and the former station building . Together with the city of Eibenstock , as part of a funding project of the European Union, the former station area and the surrounding areas were converted to the center of the town until 2004.

In addition, the tracks were rebuilt, so that a small museum station in Carlsfeld now reminds of the former narrow-gauge railway. The association occasionally organizes trips for rail enthusiasts with guest vehicles.

In 2015, a new depot for the volunteer fire brigade was built on the site of the municipal office, which was demolished in 2014. In the course of the extraordinary snowfall in Central Europe in January 2019 , Carlsfeld was temporarily cut off from the outside world.

Development of the population

year population
1791 0067 fireplaces
1834 0958
1871 1,277
1890 1,628
1910 1,788
year population
1946 1,622
1925 1,750
1939 1,603
1950 2,232
1964 1,490
year population
1990 1,119
2011 0710
2017 0694

Economy and Infrastructure

Painting of the Weitersglashütte around 1910

Glassworks

In 1840 the manufacturer Karl Friedrich Hermann Rockstroh founded the Glashütten-Werke Carlsfeld GmbH, which was taken over by Arno von Vultejus in 1870. He built a second plant with a second furnace and enlarged the glass grinding shop. About 80 workers were employed. In 1887 L. Friedrich took over the works, who also introduced the conversion from wood to gas firing. The glass grinding shop was expanded again and from then on operated with steam power, the number of employees rose to 200. The manufacture of milk glass was highlighted. In 1907 a third plant was finally built, the number of workers rose to 270. In addition to steam power, the factory was operated with electricity from its own headquarters. The annual production comprised approx. 18 million glass products. The sales area of ​​around 4,000 different flacons included not only all of Europe but also Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and India. The core plant included a mechanical workshop for the production of molds, tools and other utensils. The company owned and operated a health insurance company , a savings bank and workers' houses.

After the bankruptcy of the glassworks in Weitersglashütte , it was attached to the Carlsfeld plant in 1913 and continued to operate. After the First World War, production in Weitersglashütte was discontinued. In 1930 semi-automatic machines replaced all production stations in the local glassworks; The first furnace was installed in 1933.

In the 1970s the plant was nationalized and in 1973 it was incorporated into the VEB Glaswerk Olbernhau . On October 29, 1979, the production of curved commercial glass was started in a new company with a modern workshop and a social and office building in Carlsfeld. The company mainly produced for export. After the fall of the Wall, the Olbernhau glassworks was reprivatised in 1992. Since global demand for cut and decorative glass fell sharply at the same time, glass production in Carlsfeld came to a standstill.

Musical instrument making

Bandoneon Cardenal (ELA, before 1939)
Detail bandonion AA

Carlsfeld is still considered the birthplace of the bandonion around the world and maintains lively musical contacts with Argentina . The actual namesake and inventor is the music dealer Heinrich Band (1821–1860) from Krefeld. Most of the instruments were manufactured in the accordion factory of Carl Friedrich Zimmermann , who began manufacturing accordions in 1847 . He emigrated to America in 1864 and sold his factory to his foreman Ernst Louis Arnold.

In 1910, with increasing mechanization, the accordion factory was founded by Alfred Arnold , who had a new, modern factory building built. The manufactured bandonions and accordions became internationally known through worldwide export. The plant was nationalized after 1945 and merged with the VEB Klingenthaler Harmonikawerk in 1959. In 1964 the branch in Carlsfeld was given up.

The Tango Milonga Carlsfeld was composed by the Argentinian maestro Juan Carlos Caviello, who was born in Buenos Aires, and he gave the original score to the tourist office in recognition of efforts to preserve the bandonion game. On the site of the first harmonica factory Carl field in which from 1847, the first Carl fields harmonicas were built and later the company Ernst Louis Arnold and Alfred Arnold produced today is a Bandonion memorial stone. Since 2007 there has been a master workshop for hand-drawn instruments in the village, where bandonions are rebuilt and repaired.

embroidery

Viktor Sommer embroidery was founded in Carlsfeld in 1895. In the beginning mainly clothing trimmings, belts, hats and silk embroidery were made for the textile industry, later also finished products such as pillows, blankets and wall hangings were made. In 1972 the company was publicly owned and re-privatized after 1990. In the meantime, embroidery no longer exists.

Other industrial companies

In 1964 the VEB injection pump parts factory Wolfspfütz was re-established, which produced pump elements for diesel engines . The rooms of the former bandonion factory were used for production. In 1965 the injection pump plant came under the management of VEB Renak -Werke Reichenbach (Reichenbacher hub and clutch works). In 1980/81 a new workshop was built. In 1986 further production halls and a boiler house were built. At the end of 1988, production began in the new halls with modern machines. With 285 employees, it was around 60–70 percent of the town's working population. The Renak factory was closed after the fall of the Wall due to a lack of orders and the property was taken over by the Treuhand-Anstalt. In 1993 a fruit and vegetable dealer and a manufacturer of food technology moved into the building.

traffic

Carlsfeld is accessed from the northwest by state road 276, which runs from Wilzschhaus in the Wilzsch valley. There are also roads that lead via Wildenthal to Johanngeorgenstadt and to Eibenstock .

tourism

European long-distance hiking trail signpost E3
and display information about the image
Carlsfeld around Christmas 2007

Both summer and winter tourism is possible in Carlsfeld. Due to the high location, winter sports are often possible, also because of a snowmaking system when there is no more snow in lower areas. Carlsfeld advertises with the slogan "Snowiest place in the Ore Mountains 850 m". Hotels, guest houses and holiday apartments are geared towards guests. A number of groomed trails make circular tours possible. Carl field leading Kammloipe Johanngeorgenstadt past to Schoeneck. The long-distance hiking trails WDE (Path of German Unity from Zittau to Wernigerode), Erzgebirgskammweg and the Drei-Talsperren-Marathon-Weg lead through Carlsfeld. The WDE has the same route in this area as the European long-distance path E3 . There are other marked hiking trails to the Vogtland, to Eibenstock and to Wildenthal and Auersberg . An educational mining trail leads from the town center to the north and through forests via Weitersglashütte past the dam and back to Carlsfeld. Carlsfeld was a climatic health resort during the GDR era. In 2017, the Saxon Ministry of the Environment announced that fine dust pollution in Carlsfeld is lowest in the Free State.

Memorials

Memorials to victims of the Franco-Prussian War 1870/71 (obelisk on the right) and the First World War as well as to commemorate the victims of the wars and all forms of tyranny (left side of the large monument)

Sights (selection)

Evangelical Trinity Church in Carlsfeld
  • Evangelical Trinity Church ( Dreifaltigkeitskirche ): important small central building, donated by Veit Hans Schnorr 1684–1688, built according to a design attributed to Wolf Caspar von Klengel . The oldest form of the type of central building in Saxony that was later preferred and further developed by George Bähr , the forerunner of the Dresden Frauenkirche . The pulpit altar by Johann Heinrich Böhme the Elder. J. from 1688 is considered one of the earliest and most valuable in Saxony.
  • The Hammerherrenhaus Carlsfeld (Schnorrhaus) was the first residential building built around 1680 when Carlsfeld was founded.
  • The Carlsfeld dam , also known as the Weiterswiese dam , is the highest drinking water dam in Saxony. It was built from 1926 to 1929 after a severe flood of the Wilzsch and has a storage capacity of 3 million cubic meters.
  • Not far from the dam, in the immediate vicinity of the ridge trail, is the Großer Kranichsee nature reserve , an area of ​​European importance.

Personalities who have worked on site

literature

  • Martina Zapf, Nicole Ott: Carlsfeld. Sketches from the Carlsfeld local history 1679–1994. Carlsfeld, 1994.
  • Siegfried Sieber : Carlsfeld. In: The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, pp. 158–162.
  • Karlsfeld, * Carlsfeld, also Karolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, pp. 468-471.
  • Carolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 17th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1830, pp. 204-207.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - Saxony II - administrative districts Leipzig and Chemnitz . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-422-03048-4 , p. 101.
  • Richard Steche : Carlsfeld. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 8th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Schwarzenberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1887, p. 9.

Web links

Commons : Carlsfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

1Albert Schiffner also expresses the assumption that there was already a settlement at this place before the Thirty Years War and that Carlsfeld represents a repopulation of a deserted place. However, this has not yet been proven or refuted.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Small-scale municipality sheet for Eibenstock, city. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on January 28, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Natural space map service of the Landschaftsforschungszentrum eV Dresden ( information )
  3. ↑ Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, area of ​​landscape ecology, area nature conservation, technical contribution to the landscape program - natural space and land use - profile "Upper Western Ore Mountains", n.d. , p. 4 archive link ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.umwelt.sachsen.de
  4. ↑ Mean values ​​from 1961 to 1990 of the German Weather Service
  5. ↑ a b c mean values ​​from 1981 to 2010 of the German Weather Service
  6. ↑ a b Information board next to the Trinitatiskirche Zum Neuen Hammer on the Wilzsch .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Local Chronicle Carlsfeld ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 24, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.carlsfeld.com
  8. ^ Karlsfeld, * Carlsfeld, also Karolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, p. 468.
  9. ^ Karlsfeld, * Carlsfeld, also Karolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, p. 469 f.
  10. ↑ Carolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 17th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1830, p. 206.
  11. ↑ Petinet . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 6, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p.  659 .
  12. ^ Karlsfeld, * Carlsfeld, also Karolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 4th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1817, p. 468 f.
  13. ↑ Carolsfeld . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 17th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1830, p. 205 f.
  14. ↑ Thieriot von Weissenbach (ed.): Report on the exhibition of Saxon commercial products in Dresden in 1845, published by BG Teubner, Leipzig 1846, p. 230 digitized
  15. ^ Hugo von Bose: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony . 2nd Edition. Verlag von Adler and Dietze, Dresden 1847, p. 111, books.google.de
  16. ↑ Sächsische Vaterlands-Blätter , supplement to No. 2. of January 3, 1843, p. 9, books.google.de
  17. ↑ Newspaper of the Association of German Railway Administrations: Organ des Verein, Volume 11, No. 23/1871 of June 9, 1871, p. 464 books.google.de
  18. ^ Journal of Justice and Administration: First for the Kingdom of Saxony . Publishing house by Bernhard Tauchnitz jun., Leipzig 1840, Volume 3, p. 190 books.google.de
  19. ↑ Annual report of the Plauen Chamber of Commerce and Industry from 1865 . Printed by Moritz Wieprecht, Plauen 1866, p. 141 books.google.de
  20. ↑ Changes in the municipalities, see 1997. StBA
  21. ↑ Reconstruction of the Carlsfeld railway station track system
  22. ^ Pictures from the inauguration of the Carlsfeld train station on 9/10 October 2004. In: fhwe.de. Retrieved February 2, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Trapped in the snow . Tagesschau online (tagesschau.de), January 10, 2019.
  24. ^ Carlsfeld in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  25. ^ History of the Olbernhau glass factory
  26. ↑ Memorial plaque on CF Zimmermann's parents' house (Schönfelder bakery building) and memorial on Carlsfelder Hauptstrasse
  27. ^ History of the Bandonion and the Alfred Arnold Company
  28. ↑ bandonionverein-carlsfeld.de
  29. ↑ Tango Carlsfeld ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.carlsfeld.com
  30. ↑ Music history of the Bandonion ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eibenstock.de
  31. ↑ Carlsfeld's website Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.carlsfeld.com
  32. ↑ Three Dam Marathon
  33. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25,000, edition with hiking trails, sheet 15 Westerzgebirge Eibenstock, Johanngeorgenstadt, Sächsischer Staatsbetrieb Geobasisinformation und Vermessung, 2nd edition, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-86170-717-2
  34. ↑ Carlsfeld has the cleanest air . ( mdr.de [accessed on March 4, 2018]).
  35. ↑ Photos of the grave and memorial at Wikimedia Commons
  36. ↑ Hammerherrenhaus Carlsfeld
  37. ↑ MDR: "Facts about Carlsfeld" ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de