Broich Castle
| Broich Castle | ||
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 Broich Castle in Mülheim |
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| Creation time : | 9th year | |
| Conservation status: | restored | |
| Place: | Broich | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 25 '37.4 " N , 6 ° 52' 16.8" E | |
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The Broich Castle is located in the same neighborhood Broich the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr on the western bank of the Ruhr near downtown. The fortification is located on the historic Ruhrfurt of the old Hellweg and is in parts the oldest preserved early medieval defense structure from the late Carolingian period north of the Alps.
history
9th to 11th centuries
883 Vikings conquer Duisburg and set up their winter camp here. Probably for this reason, the East Franconian Duke Heinrich had a fortified military camp built in Broich in the winter of 883/884 : The original facility is being built on an 11 m high spur above the Ruhr , probably as a barrier to secure the river and the Hellweg , which here over a Ford the Ruhr happens. An oval ring wall encloses numerous multi-room, also two-story buildings. However, there are no kitchens , storage tanks or wells yet , which suggests planning for only short-term use. In April 884 Heinrich expelled the Vikings from Duisburg with his army. However, after the threat from the Vikings is no longer present, the facility is abandoned.
In his annals , Flodoard von Reims reports on a meeting that took place in 923 between King Henry I of Eastern Franconia and Robert I on the lower reaches of the Ruram fluvium . Some authors deduce the existence of a fortified structure up to this point in time.
The abandoned castle was rebuilt and expanded by the noblemen von Broich towards the end of the 11th century . In 1093, the Broich family, together with the gentlemen from Mülheim and Dümpten, are evidently first mentioned in writing as witnesses at a count's court .
12th and 13th centuries
Since the end of the 12th century, the complex has gradually become a fortress through renovations and new buildings . The circular wall will be rebuilt, increased to 1.50 m thick and 9 m. The northern part becomes a kennel . A massive, 17.40 m high keep is built. The renewed fortification is so effective that it withstood the siege and attack of the Archbishop of Cologne, Konrad von Hochstaden , in 1240 . The occasion is the territorial wars between the Archbishop and Count Wilhelm IV of Jülich and Duke Heinrich IV of Limburg . With Duke Heinrich's position as Count von Berg at the same time, his vassals , the Lords of Broich, are included in this dispute.
14th and 15th centuries
With the last Herr von Broich, Dietrich V. , the original male line dies and his eldest daughter Lukardis, married to Count Dietrich IV. Von Limburg , inherits the Broich rule in 1372 . Between the years 1380 and 1400, a two-story Gothic palas , or rather a hall building, with striking staggered gables was built in the southern, partially demolished defense .
Since Count Heinrich von Limburg-Broich leads several feuds against the Archbishop of Cologne Dietrich II von Moers , the castle was besieged several times from 1437 to 1439. Finally, in 1443, the Archbishop of Cologne, Duke Gerhard von Jülich-Berg, with their allies and troops of Liège Bishop Johann VIII von Heinsberg and Elector Friedrich II of Saxony , besieged the castle from September 2nd to 19th. Observers report an army of up to 22,000 men. Finally the castle is shelled. The mighty keep and the southwest tower go up in flames and burn out. The curtain wall is badly damaged and the residential buildings are uninhabitable. The castle is taken for the first time in its history. The winners agree to rebuild and fortify the castle. The damage will be repaired by the year 1444 with 6,000 Rhenish gold guilders . The keep will be demolished during the repairs, but a planned stone bridge over the Ruhr will not be built.
16th Century
Because Count Johann von Limburg zu Broich had no offspring, he adopted the daughter of his sister Maria, Irmgard von Sayn , in 1505 and married her to Wirich V. von Daun-Falkenstein in the same year . In 1508, Johann presented the couple with the Broich estate and half of the County of Limburg .
Because of the larger entourage of Wirich von Daun, a number of renovations and new buildings are being carried out. The castle gate in the north-west tower is closed and a larger inlet is broken into the western curtain wall. A two-story building is being built between the north-west tower and the courtyard wall. Three half-timbered houses will be built within the castle ring. A two-story house is being built between the north-west tower and the courtyard wall. Another two-story stone building is leaning against the southern courtyard wall near the palace. However, the fastening is not reinforced.
Since 1584 Broich has suffered very badly from the constant Spanish and state marches and billeting because of the Truchsessian turmoil and the Eighty Years War .
On October 5th, 1598, on the orders of Admiral Francisco de Mendoza, an army of 5,000 Spaniards with a number of guns moved in front of Broich Castle. The lord of the castle, Count Wirich VI, passed in vain . von Daun-Falkenstein on his neutrality. After heavy shelling by the Spaniards, Count Wirich had to capitulate the next morning. The castle has suffered considerable damage, a breach was made in the castle wall between the corner tower and the Scheifhacke . On October 11th, Count Wirich was knocked down and stabbed to death by his two Spanish guards near the castle.
17th century
The damage to the heavily destroyed castle was only repaired decades later, in the years 1644 to 1648, by Count Wilhelm Wirich von Daun-Falkenstein . The residential buildings are being rebuilt and supplemented. He has a half-timbered floor with a wooden gallery built above the gate on two stone, two-story residential buildings in the ring complex: today's high castle. Above the entrance of the Hochschloss is the coat of arms of Wilhelm Wirich von Daun-Falkenstein, which indicates the completion of the renovation work with the year 1648. The following inscription can be read there:
W ilhelm W yrich V on D Aun G raf Z u F alkenstein V (and) L imburg H err
Z u O Berstein B roich V (and) R eipolskirchen etc. A NNO 1648
In the castle courtyard, a two-storey castle wing with an octagonal stair tower in front of it is being built using the Gothic palas and the residential building from the 16th century. Two additional wings will be built on the north and west walls of the castle courtyard. A large garden is created to the south, with the castle gate being pushed out 80 meters. Wilhelm Wirich has a flat-vaulted crypt laid out for his family under the chapel in the hall . A tower-like outer bailey with a moat is being built to the northwest of the castle , which was demolished as a ruin in the 19th century.
Wilhelm Wirich dies in 1682. Since his only heir, Carl Alexander, was shot by Count Moritz von Limburg-Styrum on October 7, 1659 , the inheritance goes to his daughter Christine Luise. She has been married to Count Emich Christian von Leiningen-Dagsburg since July 17, 1664 .
Not much is done now for maintenance. The castle only serves as the official residence of the rent master .
18th century
Only Christine Luise's granddaughter Maria Luise Albertine Countess von Leiningen-Dagsburg is interested in the property again. She now often lingers on the Ruhr and plans to have the palace restored and expanded by Nicolas de Pigage , the chief building director of the Electoral Palatinate . In 1789, however, they are satisfied with the partial new construction of the west wing with the “glass palace” and the renovation of the stair tower in the early classical style. The northern wing will be demolished. The following inscription can be read above the entrance portal of the west wing, reminding of the building:
This building was
executed in
1789 by
Maria Luise Albertine
widowed
Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt née Graefin von Leinigen, Dachsburg and Broich
Renewed 1967–1974
In 1787 and 1791 the countess took her two young granddaughters Luise and Friederike von Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who would later become queens of Prussia and Hanover, with her to Broich. Because of their closeness to the citizens and their warmth, the two princesses quickly became very popular with the population.
19th and 20th centuries
Until the 19th century Broich also had the Stroetrecht (from "Stroet" for shrub, bush, thicket). This was about the right to keep wild horses in the forest between Duisburg and Düsseldorf, which apart from the Duke of Berg only had a few noble seats (Broich, Heltorf , Böckum , Haus zum Haus , Groß-Winkelhausen , Oefte and Landsberg ).
During Napoleon's rule on the Rhine and Ruhr from 1806 to 1813, the Broich rule was also dissolved. After a two-year transition period, Broich was annexed by Prussia in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna .
The buildings are falling into disrepair quickly. In 1830 the last owner, Prince Georg Karl von Hessen-Darmstadt, dies .
In 1857 the rentier manager Bilger and his son-in-law, the banker Eduard Stöcker, bought the castle for 335,000 thalers . They remove major damage to the buildings, demolish the half-timbered buildings of the nuclear facility and erect a two-story classicist villa there, based on the high castle .
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the construction of the railway and road caused the system to lose its structure.
In 1938 the castle became the property of the city of Mülheim. It then fell into disrepair during the Second World War and in the post-war period. In 1952 the hall building was given a new roof.
From 1967 to 1974 the complex was extensively excavated and restored on behalf of the Rhineland Regional Association and under the direction of Professor Günther Binding . The foundation walls of the late Carolingian complex as well as those of the later centuries are exposed.
In 1975 Broich Castle is ceremonially reopened.
21st century
After large rubble stones loosened from the curtain wall in September 2009, the facility has been renovated since 2010. The redevelopment plan was divided into eight construction phases, the total costs were estimated at over 4 million euros. Donors were sought for the financing. Various charity events were also held.
The renovation work was completed in January 2020. The costs were 4.6 million euros and were completely covered by donations. However, due to the corona pandemic, events cannot be reopened until September 2020 at the earliest.
Todays use
The representative halls of Broich Castle are used today for city receptions and civil weddings. Just like the rustic Tecklenburger chambers, the knight's hall, the fireplace and the coat of arms rooms can also be rented for private celebrations or company events. The company headquarters of Mülheimer Stadtmarketing und Tourismus GmbH is also located on the top floor. The Hochschloss houses the historical museum of the Mülheimer Geschichtsverein, which provides an insight into several centuries of Mülheim history with excavation finds, models and a "Luisen room".
Castle Rock and Burgfolk Festival
Since the year 2000 the Castle Rock Festival has been taking place in the courtyard of the newer part of the castle, initially one-day and since 2009 two-day , which was expanded in 2002 to include the one-day Burgfolk Festival , which has also been two-day since 2010 . These festivals are organized with the support of the city of Mülheim. The Burgfolk Festival took place for the last time in 2016 due to the continued decline in ticket sales.
The music bands performing at the festival come from the direction of rock, or at the Burgfolk Festival from the field of modern folk music. Many of the bands are very popular in their circles. Hundreds of music fans come as guests every year, preferably from the so-called black scene of the Ruhr area. 1,200 Gothic fans came to the thirteenth event in 2012.
location
- Address: Am Schloß Broich 28, 45479 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Public transport: Mülheim, Broich Castle (arrival calculation)
literature
- Otto Redlich: Mülheim an der Ruhr - Its history from the beginning to the transition to Prussia in 1815 . Self-published city of Mülheim an der Ruhr, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1939.
- Günther Binding: Broich Castle in Mülheim / Ruhr . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1970.
- Kurt Ortmanns: Broich Castle in Mülheim an der Ruhr . Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 77. Cologne 1985.
- Rolf-Achim Mostert: Broich - castle, palace, residence . In: Witnesses of the city's history - architectural monuments and historical places in Mülheim an der Ruhr. Klartext Publishing House, Essen 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ FLODOARDI ANNALES 923
- ↑ G. Binding: Monumenta Germaniae Historica ( Memento of October 1, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Homepage of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr , viewed on February 20, 2013
- ↑ Mülheim an der Ruhr 1968: Yearbook 1968. p. 178.
- ↑ Mülheim an der Ruhr 1968: Yearbook 1968. pp. 174–176
- ↑ Walter Kordt : The wild horses in the Angermunder Forest - When the forest between Düsseldorf and Duisburg was still under wilderness - , in: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Ed.): Huckinger Heimatbuch, Geschichte und Geschichte , Volume II, Duisburg 1997, pp. 52–57.
- ↑ Wall refurbishment Schloss Broich ( Memento of 8 November 2011 at the Internet Archive )
- ^ The redevelopment plan - Schloss-Retter. In: schloss-retter.de. Retrieved June 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Preserving cultural assets with culture (WAZ). Deniz Türkmen, accessed on May 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Preserving cultural assets through culture. WAZ, June 22, 2015, accessed May 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Kristina Mader: Broich Castle: Mülheimers have to keep waiting for keys. NRZ, May 14, 2020, accessed on May 16, 2020 .
- ↑ CASTLE ROCK. City of Mülheim an der Ruhr , accessed on October 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Editor: Burgfolk Festival will take place for the last time in 2016. Mindbreed, June 27, 2016, accessed July 11, 2017 .
- ↑ 1200 Gothic fans celebrate at Castle Rock in Mülheim. derwesten.de, accessed on October 21, 2012 .
Web links
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