Chronology of the 2011 disaster in Japan

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The chronology of the catastrophe in Japan in 2011 is intended to give a chronological overview of the events after the Tōhoku earthquake in 2011 on March 11th in northeastern Japan. In addition to the consequences of the historically largest known earthquake in Japan, including many aftershocks, the immediate tsunami tidal waves and several serious reactor accidents , the course of the relief operations is also recorded.

The triggering earthquakes of intensity M W 9.0 occurred on March 11, 2011 at 14:46:23 AM local time (05:46 UTC , ie 06:46 CET ). The epicenter was off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture about 370 km northeast of Tokyo and 130 km east of the city of Sendai .

  • The following main articles on partial aspects of the event are:
    • Tōhoku earthquake 2011 ( Japanese 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 , earthquake on the Pacific coast off the Tōhoku region , also known as the  Sendai earthquake ); an article also on the tsunami events
    • Fukushima nuclear disaster (Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, Japanese 福島 第一 原子 力 発 電 所 Fukushima daiichi genshiryoku hatsudensho , in short: Fukushima-Daiichi; in the district of Futaba ; article on the destruction and repair attempts on the reactors.)
Quake on March 11th, epicenter (northern part of the island of Honshū)
Quake on March 11th, epicenter


Quake
on March 11th,
epicenter
In purple: the prefectural names

chronology

The times in the list are usually in the local time of Japan , unless otherwise stated. This corresponds to a time difference of 7 hours up to March 28th (after that 8 hours). The temporal steps are usually days (00:00 to 23:59, the start times of the events or the publication are recorded).


Procedure on March 11th (day 1, Friday)

  • 2:46 p.m. local time (6:46 a.m. CET): Japan is being shaken in the northeast by the most severe earthquake (9.0 M w ) in its recent history. After a few minutes, the first tidal wave hits the local coast. (This earthquake went from 9 March, a series of weaker tremors ahead .)
  • 14:46 to 14:47: The nuclear power plants in the area affected by the quake are automatically shut down quickly .
  • 15:06: There follow shortly after two earthquakes of magnitude 6.4 M w
  • 3:15 p.m .: The most severe aftershock with a magnitude (M) of 7.9 M w occurs half an hour after the first massive quake. Numerous more aftershocks will follow in the next few days.
Marked in the picture above: flooded areas

3:30 pm - 7:00 pm

  • approx. 3:40 p.m. / 4:00 p.m. (8:00 a.m. CET, without exact time, entire coastal area): Another tidal wave (tsunami) up to 23 meters high hits the northeast coast of Japan. The altitude is related to the local coastal structure and the presence of estuaries. The evaluation of aerial photographs shows the extent of the affected areas: On approx. 110 km of shoreline, the water rises up to 5 km into the land within minutes, or up to 10 km in the valleys of estuaries.
  • 3:42 pm: The power supply to reactor units 1 - 3 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant ) is interrupted.
  • 3:45 p.m .: The oil tanks for the emergency power supply of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant are washed away by the tsunami.
  • 4:10 p.m .: Information of the Technical Advisory Body for Nuclear Emergencies by the Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC). Establishment of a national and an operations control center at the level of the Fukushima prefecture.
  • 4:36 p.m .: Water cooling (ECCS) fails in reactors 1 and 2 of the Fukushima 1 NPP.
  • 5:00 p.m.: Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan declares that the situation in the nuclear power plants is normal. The systems were automatically shut down.
  • 6:30 p.m.: Japanese media report a fire in the reactor of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant and one in the Onagawa nuclear power plant .
  • 6:42 p.m.: Tokyo's power supply is interrupted.

20:00 - 24:00

  • 8:30 p.m.: The government declares a nuclear emergency and describes this as a precautionary measure.
  • 8:50 p.m.: The Fukushima Prefecture's Emergency Operations Center has ordered the evacuation of the population within a two-kilometer radius of the Fukushima I nuclear power plant (NPP).
  • 9:23 p.m.: The Japanese Prime Minister extends the evacuation radius around the power plant to three kilometers.
  • 9.45 p.m.: Around 2000 residents in the vicinity of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant are asked to leave their homes.
  • 10:00 p.m.: The fire in the Onagawa nuclear power plant has been extinguished according to a message from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The evacuation zone around the Fukushima 1 NPP will be expanded from two to three kilometers.
  • 12:00 p.m .: The Deputy Minister for Nuclear Safety Motohisa Ikeda (METI) arrives at the local operations center in Fukushima.
  • The Fujinuma dam with a height of 17.5 m breaks and floods parts of the nearby town, with some fatalities.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 11 120 30th 3

The other 1st week (March 12-17, 2011)

March 12th (Day 2, Saturday)

  • 12:46 a.m.: There is an abrupt rise in pressure in reactor 1 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant (NPP).
  • 06:40 a.m .: Reactor 1 of Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant is depressurized in a controlled manner. Increased radioactivity is measured in the vicinity.
  • 05:44 a.m .: The evacuation zone is expanded to ten kilometers. 45,000 people are affected. The IAEA announced that the cooling system of reactor 2 at Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant is damaged.
  • 9:00 am: In addition to the reports about two reactors in the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, there are also problems with the cooling of three reactors in the Fukushima Daini (Fukushima 2) nuclear power plant .
  • 09:40 am A restricted area for air traffic is set up within ten kilometers of the Fukushima 2 nuclear power plant.
  • 10:07 a.m.: Around the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, a restricted area of ​​20 km will also be set up for air traffic.
  • 10:17 am: pressure relief of reactor 1 ( venting ); alternative source speaks of 2:30 p.m., as does the operator TEPCO. radioactive substances are released.
  • 2:00 p.m.: The nuclear safety agency announces that a core meltdown may have started at the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant.
  • 3:36 p.m .: A hydrogen explosion occurs in the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant . The roof and the walls in the upper area of ​​the reactor building 1 are destroyed, smoke rises. Four workers are injured. A statement from the government, according to which was the containment of the reactor is not damaged, the radiation levels at the plant should have been lying 70 times above the normal values.
  • 6:25 p.m .: The radius of the evacuation zone around the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant will be expanded to 20 kilometers.
  • 8:20 p.m .: Reactor 1: start of seawater feed into the pressure vessel through the fire extinguishing line (2 m³ / h)
  • 8:41 p.m .: Depressurization of reactor 3
  • 10:30 p.m .: The operator of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant announces that he wants to flood reactor 1 with seawater.
  • 10:49 p.m.: NHK-TV reports that a team from the National Institute of Radiological Sciences is being sent to Fukushima as a preventive measure .
  • 11:00 p.m.: Japanese media report that 9,500 people are missing in the port city of Minamisanriku .
  • An initial inspection of 252 dams and dams inland revealed damage to seven structures.
  • Austria issues a partial travel warning for Japan.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 12th 73 9 0

March 13th (Day 3, Sunday)

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on the coastline, the numbers indicate the reactor blocks. Aerial photo from 1975, reactor 6 at the top of the picture has not yet been completed.
  • 6:00 a.m.: The evacuation affects 140,000 people.
  • 6:10 a.m .: Fukushima 1 - reactor 3: Loss of cooling function (reporting obligation according to Article 15); see. also
  • 8:00 a.m .: The cooling system fails in a third reactor block in Fukushima 1. A total of six power plant units in Fukushima 1 and 2 are now affected by the accidents.
  • 08:41 a.m .: Pressure relief from reactor 3 (different time; no exact time)
  • 11:00 a.m .: Pressure relief from reactor 2
  • 11:55 a.m .: Reactor 3: Start of fresh water feed into the reactor pressure vessel
  • 1:12 p.m .: Reactor 3: start of seawater feed into the reactor pressure vessel
  • 4:00 p.m.: The Japanese government speaks of the possibility of another imminent explosion in Fukushima 1. There may also be a partial meltdown in reactor block 3.
  • 9:00 p.m.: Prime Minister Kan speaks of an alarming situation at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Given the nuclear emergencies, earthquake and tsunami, Japan is in its worst crisis since World War II .
  • 10:45 p.m.: The Japanese government is deploying 100,000 soldiers to rescue operations in the northeast of the country.
  • 11:15 p.m.: The Shinmoe-dake volcano erupts in southwestern Japan . The authorities restrict access to the volcanic area.
  • no time indication: the number of victims exceeds 2000

Summary of the mentioned number of victims up to this day:

- Deaths: 1647 (estimate: 10,000)
- evacuated persons: 400,000
- Injured persons treated in hospital: 1990
- Information on missing persons: 1720
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 13th 33 5 0
Sendai residents stock up on food after earthquake (March 13)

March 14th (day 4)

  • 1:15 a.m.: There is an emergency at the Tōkai NPP , south of Fukushima. The cooling system fails, two diesel generators for the emergency supply have failed. The third generator keeps the fuel rods cool.
  • 10:00 a.m.: A severe aftershock of magnitude 6.2 shakes Tokyo. A tsunami warning that was initially issued is later lifted.
  • 11:45 a.m .: A hydrogen explosion occurs in reactor 3 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant . According to the Japanese Atomic Energy Agency , eleven people are injured; Eyewitnesses later speak of six dead. According to the operator Tepco , the reactor pressure vessel (= the steel shell of the reactor) remains intact.
  • 4 p.m .: The cooling in reactor 2 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant fails. According to a news agency, the cooling water level should drop.
  • 8:12 p.m.: The fuel rods in this reactor are dry , according to the Japanese news agency Kyodo .
  • 9:55 p.m.: According to government spokesman Yukio Edano's statement, there is a risk of a core meltdown in three reactors at the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant . Increased radioactivity is found in the area around the NPP.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
the 14th of March 27 2 0

March 15th (day 5)

  • 00:15: In reactor 2 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, the fuel rods are no longer covered with water.
A sports hall in Kōriyama serves as emergency shelter for evacuees from the vicinity of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant (March 16)
  • 6:15 am: An explosion occurs in reactor block 2 - the third in this nuclear power plant. This time a pressure drop is reported in the condensation chamber below the reactor, which, according to TEPCO, indicates its damage.
  • State of the port operations: Several port facilities were so damaged by the tsunami that they can probably not be used for several months: Hachinohe , Sendai (see report of April 16), Ishinomaki and Onahama . The port of Chiba (oil port and liquefied gas) and the port of Kashima (ninth largest container handling) appear to have been damaged to a somewhat lesser extent. Other damaged port facilities are those in Hitachinaka , Hitachi , Sōma , Shiogama , Kesennuma , Ōfunato , Kamashi and Miyako . Four 80,000-ton cargo ships of the Panamax class were badly damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. This affects about 7% of the nationwide ship handling, especially of containers.
  • Prime Minister Naoto Kan has a joint crisis team set up by the government and the power plant operator at the Tepco company headquarters because he is dissatisfied with Tepco's crisis management.
  • 8:54 am: A fire breaks out in Block 4.
  • 9:00 a.m .: At the boundary of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, the highest radiation dose rate during the series of accidents of just under 12 millisieverts per hour is briefly reached.
  • 10:00 a.m .: Tepco briefly measures the highest dose rate to date of 400 millisieverts per hour on reactor block 3. This radiation intensity can cause acute radiation sickness within an hour .
  • 11:00 a.m .: It is found that the fire in Block 4 started by itself.
  • 11:00 a.m .: Residents 20 to 30 kilometers away from the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant are asked not to leave their homes.
  • 12:16 p.m.: According to government information, a containment, reactor 2, was damaged for the first time in the third explosion.
  • 4:15 p.m .: The operator TEPCO is reducing the operating team from 800 to 50 men.
  • 11:00 pm: The IAEA calls the situation at the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant "worrying".
  • The restricted area for aircraft around the Fukushima-1 NPP will be expanded to 30 kilometers.
  • The German Lufthansa is redirecting its Japan flights from Tokyo to Nagoya and Osaka .
  • The German Foreign Office publishes a partial travel warning for Japan.

- Information on dead and missing persons

Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March, 15 14th 2 0

March 16 (day 6)

Akihito (photo taken on July 10, 2009)
  • 12:26 a.m .: In Block 4 of the Fukushima 1 plant, according to a report by the TV station NHK, it is planned to use helicopters to pour water from above onto the reactor building in order to cool the fuel rods inside. The roof of block 4 is no longer there at this point.
  • 5:45 a.m.: The authorities report that a fire has been discovered in Block 4.
  • 11:31 a.m .: The radiation on the site of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant has reached new highs. The technicians have to leave the nuclear power plant, but come back hours later.
  • 12:59 p.m.: A strong aftershock shook the region east of Tokyo near Chiba .
  • 5:00 pm: The Tennō Akihito speaks on television to encourage the population; this is the first televised address by a tenno in Japanese history. Shortly afterwards, the government called for energy saving.
  • A study commissioned by the Japanese government comes to the conclusion that dangerous radiation dose rates of over 100 millisieverts per day will occur even at distances of more than 30 kilometers from the power station. The government will keep the study under wraps for a week.
  • Tepco estimates that a third of the fuel rods in reactor 2 are damaged.
  • China freezes permits for all new nuclear power plants.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 16 11 2 0

March 17th (day 7)

  • 1:20 am: IAEA chief Yukiya Amano calls the situation "very serious" and announces his visit to Japan.
  • 03:11 a.m .: In the cooling pool of reactor 4, the radioactivity increases due to a lack of cooling water.
  • 11:02 a.m .: In Fukushima 1, a cooling test is started with army helicopters over reactor 3 and is quickly stopped again. Eleven water cannons of the armed forces are supposed to cool the reactor building 4 with the cooling pool.
  • 8:06 p.m .: The number of dead is announced as 5321.
  • France urged its citizens in Tokyo to leave Japan or to go to the south of the country.
  • In Seattle (USA) - in the ventilation system of the University of Washington - radioactive particles from Fukushima are detected for the first time.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
17. March 12 0 0

2nd week (March 18-24, 2011)

March 18 (day 8)

Tsunami damage in Sukuiso , Iwate Prefecture
  • 2:00 am: Japan launches radiation testing for food.
  • 3:30 a.m .: A power cable is successfully laid to reactor block 2 at Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant; it should be connected in the following days.
  • 2:00 p.m .: The second cooling attempt on reactor 3 with water cannons of the Tokyo fire brigade and the army is started.
  • 6:32 p.m.: Japan upgrades the danger of the nuclear accidents in Fukushima 1 to level 5.
  • 6:54 p.m.: The only still functioning diesel emergency power generator from Fukushima 1 (in Block 6) is to supply the cooling pools in Blocks 5 and 6 with cooling water.
  • 8:00 p.m.: Prime Minister Kan speaks to the population: The situation is still "very serious", but will be brought under control "in the near future".
- 6406 dead: (estimate> 43,000)
- evacuated persons: 370,000
- Injured persons treated in hospital:
- Information on missing persons: 10,259
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 18th 6th 0 0

March 19 (day 9)

  • 00:45 a.m .: The fire brigade continues to try to cool reactor 3 of Fukushima 1.
  • 1:27 p.m.: The Japanese Prime Minister's office sends a kind of anti-panic PDF file on Twitter, which shows the radiation doses people are exposed to during X-rays or long-haul flights - this is how the news about Fukushima 1 can be put in relation .
  • US armed forces are helping to take care of the many refugees and injured and are trying to repair the Sendai airfield as a base.
  • Trilateral meeting of foreign ministers of Japan, China and South Korea in Kyoto to agree on a NPP pact
  • 4:30 p.m.: Local authorities have detected increased levels of radioactivity in tap water near the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant. You shouldn't drink the water anymore.
  • 7:20 p.m.: Japan's nuclear authority warns of radioactive rain for Sunday and Monday.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
19th March 9 2 0
Damage to the Matsushima airfield of the SVK Japan

March 20 (day 10, Sunday)

  • Rescue workers recover two people, an 80-year-old woman and her 16-year-old grandson, alive from the rubble in Ishinomaki .
  • The cooling pool in Block 2 of Fukushima 1 is being filled with seawater. Pumps for the makeshift water cooling of the kiln were set in motion via the emergency power network.
  • Again, water is sprayed over / onto the reactor 3 by the fire brigade.
  • 2:30 p.m .: Reactor block 5 of Fukushima 1 reaches a stable, shutdown state ( cold shutdown ).
  • 2:39 p.m.: Prime Minister Naoto Kan has announced a visit to the region near the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant on Monday.
  • 3:46 p.m .: Reactor block 2 of Fukushima 1 is reconnected to the power grid.
  • The operator announced that the temperatures in two of the six spent fuel assemblies in the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant had dropped to normal.
  • So far, no excessive radiation levels have been measured in returnees from Japan at Frankfurt Airport .
  • The Japanese government announces that it is aiming for a complete shutdown of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, whose reactor units 5 and 6 are still operational. This is the first official statement on the future fate of the power plant.
  • The Ministry of Culture and Technology MEXT measures by far the highest radiation values ​​in soil samples in the village of Iitate that were recorded outside the power station during the entire Fukushima disaster.
  • The Japanese Ministry of Health announced that, for the first time since 1990, traces of radioactive iodine had been found in tap water in all prefectures near Fukushima and in the greater Tokyo area. But they are still harmless to health.
  • 6:23 p.m.: The Japanese government recommends not to drink the drinking water in Fukushima.
  • 7:27 p.m .: Reactor block 6 of Fukushima 1 has reached a stable, shutdown state ( cold shutdown ).
  • 7:52 p.m .: Reactor blocks 5 and 6 are reconnected to the power grid.
  • 10:20 p.m.: Prime Minister Kan cancels the visit to the disaster area because of the expected rain.

March 21 (day 11)

Type of concrete pump that was used for water cooling
  • The radiation measured values ​​on the site of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant exceed the permitted limit values ​​by six times
  • 02:16 am: Another water cannon in use. The firefighters and members of the Japanese armed forces spray seawater on reactor units 3 and 4 (NHK TV station)
  • 1.30 a.m.: In the village of Iitate near the Fukushima 1 nuclear facility, greatly increased radioactivity has been measured in drinking water (notification from the Japanese Ministry of Health).
  • 12:32 a.m .: Light earthquake in Fukushima with a magnitude of 4.7.
  • 00:03 a.m.: The farmers in the vicinity of the Japanese Fukushima nuclear power plant should voluntarily refrain from bringing contaminated food into the trade.

March 22nd (day 12)

  • 09:39 a.m .: Measured values ​​show radioactive substances in the sea water at the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant.
  • In a water treatment plant in Tokyo, the radioactive contamination of the water exceeds the limit value for small children.

March 23 (day 13)

  • Since black smoke rises above reactor 3 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, according to the operator TEPCO, the workers have been instructed to leave the site again temporarily.
  • The government recommends that children and infants in Tokyo not give the drinking water to drink because of the increased radioactivity measured.
  • The Japanese Ministry of Health has issued a ban on the sale and consumption of various vegetables from Fukushima Prefecture and a ban on the sale of fresh raw milk and herbs from Ibaraki Prefecture.
  • The radiation values ​​in the air in Tokyo reached their maximum value of 0.15 microsievert per hour on this day . This corresponds to two to four times the normal radiation in Tokyo and is harmless to humans.

March 24th (day 14)

  • 1:38 a.m.: Work on reactor 3 continues - after a break of almost a day, the engineers returned to the site, reports the Kyodo news agency.
  • Two employees at the Fukushima 1 power plant suffer radiation injuries from radioactive water.
  • Singapore and Australia prohibit imports of vegetables from four Japanese prefectures.
  • The first high-resolution photos from Fukushima 1 appear on the Internet, showing the full extent of the destruction on reactor buildings 1, 3 and 4.
- more than 10,000 deaths: (estimate: more than 40,000, see explanation from March 18)
- Missing information: over 17,000 people (both figures from National Police Agency)

3rd week (March 25th - 31st, 2011)

March 25th (day 15)

  • Japan's Prime Minister Kan apologizes for the GAU .
  • The European Union has declared a “radiological emergency”. As a result, higher limit values ​​for radioactivity in food come into force.
  • The tap water in Tokyo is safe for small children again.

March 26th (Day 16)

Japanese and U.S. Air Force soldiers rehearse connecting a water hose at Yokota Air Base (March 26).
  • Radioactively contaminated water has been found in four of the six reactor blocks of the Fukushima 1 NPP. The water level in reactors 1 and 3 in the basement of the turbine rooms is up to 40 centimeters and 1.5 meters, respectively, reports the dpa. In reactor blocks 2 and 4, the water is up to a meter and up to 80 centimeters high, respectively. The reason why the water is heavily radioactive is officially unclear.

March 27 (day 17)

  • The radioactivity in reactor 2 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant has increased so much that the work is interrupted.

March 28 (day 18)

  • In the early morning, the region was hit by another 6.5 earthquake. The authorities are temporarily issuing a tsunami warning. The center of the quake is near the east coast of the island of Honshu at a depth of just under six kilometers. There are initially no reports of injuries or damage.
  • The Japanese government admits a core meltdown in reactor block 2. This probably started shortly after the tsunami.
  • Government spokesman Edano criticizes the operator Tepco's false information about high levels of radioactivity on Sunday. Such a mistake is unforgivable. On Sunday, the levels of radioactivity in the water in the turbine room of reactor 2 were given as "ten million times" above normal. Tepco withdrew this information on Sunday evening and instead announced that it was due to an incorrect reading on the measuring devices. In fact, they have measured a hundred thousand times the normal value.
- Evacuated: More than 243,000 people in emergency shelters
- Dead: 11,168 people
- Missing: 16,407 people (see also the note from March 18)

March 29 (day 19)

March 30th (day 20)

Indian Aid Team in Onagawa (March 30th)
  • Tennō Akihito and his wife visit emergency quarters in Tokyo for people evacuated from the Fukushima region.
  • In China, a Japanese container ship is refused entry into the port of Xiamen because it is too highly radioactive.
  • So far, 110,340 people in Fukushima Prefecture have been tested for radioactive radiation: 102 of them were contaminated with clothing above the limit of 100,000 Becquerel , while none of the people examined exceeded the limit value when they were undressed.

March 31 (day 21)

  • 5:23 p.m.: Japan's government wants to examine plans to build new nuclear power plants. Prime Minister Naoto Kan suggests “fundamentally rethinking” the plans. 14 reactors are currently under construction or in planning in Japan.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
March 427 70 3

April 2011

Day 22 to day 51 after the disaster

4th week (April 1-7, 2011)

April 2nd (day 23)
  • 8:31 a.m.: From a 20 centimeter long crack in a cable duct on reactor block 2 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, heavily radioactively contaminated water flows into the sea. A radiation of over 1000 millisieverts per hour is reportedly measured in the cable duct.
  • Prime Minister Kan visits the disaster area.
  • Sixteen Japanese scientists, including former members of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Authority, wrote a letter to the government warning of an "extremely serious" situation. There is a risk that more land than just the current evacuation zone could become uninhabitable. The government did not make sufficient use of the offers of help from Japanese and foreign scientists.
April 3 (day 24)
  • 8:55 a.m.: Two workers missing since the earthquake are found dead in the basement of the turbine building of Unit 4 of the Fukushima 1 NPP. According to the police, you drowned in the tsunami.
  • On the third day, 25,000 SVK and US soldiers intensively search for bodies in the tsunami area.
  • 10:07 am: Another aftershock with a magnitude of 5.3. The epicenter is 50 kilometers under the sea off Fukushima.
- Dead: 12,009 people (as of 10 a.m.)
- Missing: 15,472 people (see note from March 18)
April 4th (day 25)
  • Tepco starts dumping 11,500 tons of contaminated water directly into the sea to make room in the waste storage facility.
April 6 (day 27)
  • 5:04 a.m.: The leak in a cable duct at reactor block 2 of Fukushima 1 (see April 2) has been sealed with water glass .
  • 8:20 am: Tepco wants to prevent another explosion in the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant by pumping nitrogen into the containment of block 1.
  • According to government spokesman Edano, the payment of compensation to professional fishermen is to begin.
  • The operating company Tepco estimates that around a quarter of the fuel rods in reactor block 3 are said to have been damaged by a core meltdown.
  • Japanese authorities have requested the special ship Landisch (Japanese Suzuran ) in Russia , which can decontaminate radioactive wastewater .
  • First ban on fishing for contaminated marine animals: Ibaraki Prefecture issues a ban on fishing for sand eels .
  • In the Fukushima 1 power plant, parts of the site are being sprayed with synthetic resin on a trial basis . This is intended to bind radioactive substances on the ground.
April 7th (day 28)
  • 11:32 p.m.: A severe aftershock, stronger than the Kobe earthquake in 1995 , shook northeastern Japan. The epicenter is just a few kilometers southwest of that of the March 11 quake, 65 kilometers east of Sendai, and about 40 km below the sea floor. A public tsunami warning was lifted 1.5 hours later as there was no tidal wave. According to initial information, no further damage will occur in the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant and the Fukushima 2 plant. According to its own information, Tepco does not interrupt the cooling of the reactors or the supply of nitrogen in reactor 1 during and after the earthquake.

5th week (April 8-14, 2011)

April 8 (day 29)
  • The aftershock left four dead and 140 injured in Japan. At the Onagawa nuclear power plant near Sendai, the external power supply fails temporarily, but an emergency supply with the diesel generators works. The Higashidōri nuclear power plant will initially run on emergency power. At the Rokkasho reprocessing plant further north on Honshu, the regular power supply has allegedly failed; The diesel emergency power generators also work there. No increased radiation levels were measured at any of the NPPs. At the Onagawa NPP, three liters of slightly radioactive water slosh from the decay basins of the reactor, which has been shut down since March 11, but remains within the safety envelope of the plant. Six conventional power plants fail, power lines are destroyed, and almost half a million households are without electricity.
  • Tennō Akihito and his wife visit a school in Kazo in the neighboring province of Saitama, Tokyo , which serves as emergency shelter for around 1200 people from the Fukushima region.
  • Toshiba submits an offer to operator Tepco to remove radioactive waste from the Fukushima-1 site. This work should take 10 years to complete.
  • 19:03: Tepco wants to stop pumping so-called low-level radioactive water from the power plant into the Pacific. Around 10,000 tons of the wastewater have already been dumped .
April 9 (day 30)
  • 1:17 p.m.: A fifth victim dies in the hospital in Sendai as a result of the aftershock on April 7th.
April 10 (day 31)
  • The clearance of radioactive debris from the AWK Fukushima 1 site begins. Remote-controlled special vehicles are used for this.
April 11th (day 32)
Makeshift homes for evacuated people in Rikuzentakata , Iwate Prefecture (April 11 photo)
  • The whole of Japan commemorates the disaster a month ago.
  • The government announces further evictions of communities because of the high radiation exposure.
  • Shortly afterwards, at around 3 p.m., a 7.0 magnitude aftershock shook the region. According to the US earthquake monitoring station USGS, the epicenter of the quake is only ten kilometers below the surface, around 86 kilometers south-southeast of the city of Fukushima near the city of Iwaki , where a fire breaks out. One person dies and ten people are injured. A tsunami warning is canceled after a short time. The earthquake interrupts the power supply for cooling reactors 1 to 3 at Fukushima 1 for 50 minutes.
  • Tepco starts erecting a steel wall and mud walls in front of the AWK Fukushima 1 in order to contain the leakage of radioactive water into the sea.
April 12 (day 33)
  • Japan's nuclear safety agency NISA has now provisionally classified the events in the reactors of Fukushima 1 as level 7 on the international rating scale for nuclear incidents . On the qualitative scale, this is the same as for the Chernobyl nuclear disaster . According to NISA estimates, the amount of radioactivity released by then corresponds to a tenth of that of Chernobyl.
Abandoned downtown Namie on April 12th
  • The Japanese government orders the evacuation of the places Katsurao , Namie and Iitate as well as parts of Kawamata and Minamisōma , which are particularly heavily radioactive.
  • In addition to other aftershocks, a 6.4 magnitude quake occurs near Chiba .
  • The airport in Sendai can be used again for take-offs and landings after cleaning up.
  • The Philippine government orders the repatriation of all of its citizens from within 50 kilometers of Fukushima 1. Only Filipinos married to Japanese are allowed to stay there if they wish.
April 13 (day 34)
Kesennuma , Miyagi Prefecture , destroyed by the tsunami on April 13th
  • Another 5.8 magnitude aftershock occurs. The pumping work at the Fukushima 1 NPP will continue.
  • Japan's Prime Minister is quoted as saying that the evacuated areas around Fukushima 1 will remain uninhabitable for the next 20 years. When this causes great excitement, Kan denies the statement.
  • A fish caught in the prefecture of Ibaraki was found to be exposed to radioactive cesium at 500 times the legal limit.
April 14th (day 35)
  • Tepco confirms damage to part of the fuel rods in the cooling pool in building 4 of the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant.
  • Tepco starts dumping sandbags filled with zeolite at the seawater inlet of the power plant. They are supposed to bind some of the radioactive substances released.
  • The Japanese government bans the sale of shiitake mushrooms from the eastern part of Fukushima Prefecture.

6th week (April 15-21, 2011)

April 15th (day 36)
  • Tepco is obliged to pay advance compensation to the evacuated people. One-person households receive the equivalent of € 6,350, multi-person households € 8,300.
April 16 (day 37)
Anti-nuclear demonstration in Tokyo on April 16
  • 11:19 am: There is an aftershock with a magnitude of 5.8 to 5.9. The epicenter is in the south of Ibaraki Prefecture at a depth of 70 kilometers. Tsunami alarm is not triggered.
  • The port of Sendai is open again for cargo traffic.
  • New cooling systems that work with a closed circuit are to be built for the Fukushima-1 reactors and decay basins. As a result, no more radioactive wastewater would arise.
April 17th (day 38)
  • The government and Tepco have announced a roadmap : Tepco wants to get the release of radioactivity under control within three to six months; afterwards the decontamination of residential areas in the evacuation zone is to begin.
  • Tepco measures a very high concentration of radioactive substances in the decay basin of reactor block 2 of Fukushima 1. It is approximately 500,000 times the normal value and indicates severely damaged fuel rods .
April 18th (day 39)
  • Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government was determined to work closely with Tepco on its “roadmap”.
  • The Japanese government bans the sale of shiitake mushrooms from the area around the city ​​of Fukushima .
April 19th (day 40)
  • Start of pumping highly contaminated water from the turbine building of reactor block 2.
  • According to a poll by the Gallup International Association , the proportion of nuclear energy supporters in Japan has fallen from 62 to 39 percent as a result of the Fukushima disaster, while the proportion of those who oppose nuclear energy has increased from 28 to 47 percent.
April 20th (day 41)
  • The IAEA wants to send a team of experts to Fukushima to investigate the causes of the nuclear accidents and the subsequent safety measures.
April 21 (day 42)
  • According to a Tepco spokesman, a core meltdown could be in progress in reactor 1 of the Fukushima nuclear power plant . Reactor 1 was the only one of the unfortunate reactors that did not come to rest in April (see the table of radiation in reactors 1 to 3 ).
  • Initial analyzes of the Tepco planning indicate uncertainties and risks. On the other hand, experts from the German Society for Reactor Safety (GRS) consider the plan to be quite sensible, but too tightly planned.
  • 10:37 pm: A strong aftershock of magnitude 6 occurs. The hypocenter is located off the coast of Chiba Prefecture at a depth of 70 kilometers.

7th week (April 22-28, 2011)

April 22nd (day 43)
  • 00:00 a.m .: The government puts a 20-kilometer exclusion zone around the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant into force with barriers and the threat of penalties for violations. A total of 27,000 households in nine municipalities are affected. Only a few farmers and elderly people still live in the area: there are around 60 households that have declared that they want to stay despite the dangers.
  • The Kan cabinet agrees on a draft budget for 4.02 trillion yen (about 33.4 billion euros) for reconstruction.
April 23 (day 44)
  • Tepco wants the containment fill of reactor 1 and 3 slowly completely with water to the reactor core to cool better. However, NISA has concerns that this could make the containment more unstable and more prone to damage in the event of further earthquakes.
  • According to media reports, Tepco is considering building a wall in the ground around the power plant blocks in order to contain the leakage of contaminated water into the groundwater. The wall would have to reach 15 meters, according to other estimates even 46 meters, in order to seal directly on the rock layer.
April 27 (day 48)
  • In the city of Kōriyama with a population of 340,000 , 60 kilometers west of the destroyed nuclear power plant, work is underway to remove the contaminated top soil layer in schools and kindergartens.

8th week (April 29th - May 5th)

April 29 (day 50)
  • The government's nuclear advisor, Toshiso Kosako, resigns. He tearfully accuses the Kan government of negligence in setting limit values ​​and general lack of plan. The government does not comply with applicable laws.
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
April 56 10 2

May 2011

Continued 8th week

May 1st (Day 52)
  • 1000 workers from Tepco and other companies work on the site of the Fukushima 1 NPP.
  • The connection shafts to the maintenance tunnels on turbine building 2 are sealed with concrete in order to reduce the discharge of sewage.
May 5th (Day 56)
  • Tepco publishes an analysis of the condition of reactor 1. The problems there are attributed to accumulations of largely destroyed fuel rods.
  • The Japanese government wants to decide in 2012 whether the residents of the evacuated zone can return to their hometowns.

9th week (May 6-12)

May 7th (day 58)
  • Thousands of Japanese demonstrated in favor of phasing out nuclear energy.
  • Japanese opponents of the NPP celebrate the shutdown of the Hamaoka nuclear power plant.

10th week (May 13-19)

May 13th (day 64)
  • The power company Chubu Electric Power has started to temporarily shut down the Hamaoka nuclear power plant southwest of Tokyo due to the danger of earthquakes and tsunami in the region at a request by the Japanese government. First a higher tsunami protective wall is to be built.
May 14th (day 65)
  • 09:05 a.m.: Another aftershock occurs, the geological monitoring institute of the USA gives the strength of 6.2. The epicenter is about 60 kilometers northwest of Iwaki .
  • At least 82 children were orphaned in Japan by the earthquake and tsunami disaster.
  • The government demands a new crisis plan from Tepco . The reason for this was the notification from the operator that a large part of the fuel rods in reactor 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP had melted.
  • A worker involved in the repair work dies at the Fukushima NPP. Radiation should not have existed.
May 17th (Day 68)
  • The Japanese government agrees to an investigation by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and announces a timetable: 20 IAEA experts are to investigate the situation in Japan from May 24th to June 2nd Report by June 24th.

11th week (20-26 May)

May 20th (day 72)
May 23 (day 75)
  • New logs of the Fukushima accident show that the power plant narrowly escaped an even worse disaster.
May 24th (Day 76)
  • Tepco reports that there was a suspected core meltdown in reactor 2 already 60 hours and in reactor 3 100 hours after the earthquake on March 11th (i.e. in reactor 2 on March 14th and in reactor 3 on March 16) .
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
May 29 1 0

June 2011

Continued week 12 (May 27th - June 2nd)

June 1st (day 84)
  • Japan is said to have underestimated the local tsunami danger after a preliminary report on the report of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

13th week (June 3-9)

June 9 (day 92)
Various strontium measurements are known, including a soil sample in the city of Fukushima.

14th week (June 10th - 17th)

June 11 (day 94)
Nationwide commemoration of the victims of the disaster
Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
June 17th 4th 0

July 2011

  • Rubble dump in Sendai decided - up to 50% of the accumulated rubble should be recycled. Incineration plants are scheduled to go into operation at the end of the year.

July 1

Because of the bottlenecks in the electricity supply that are expected during the summer consumption peaks, for the first time since the oil price crisis in large parts of Eastern Japan, mandatory electricity saving targets for large consumers come into force: They have to reduce their electricity consumption by 15 percent in the supply areas of Tōkyō and Tōhoku Denryoku during the summer months . Violations can be punished with up to 1 million yen (approx. 8,868 euros).

10th of July

Earthquake at a depth of 30 km: According to the Japanese meteorological authority, today's quake off the east coast of the main island of Honshu had a magnitude of 7.3; it did not exceed an intensity of 4 on the JMA scale anywhere in the main islands. According to the agency reports, it apparently went smoothly. According to initial media reports, no one was injured. Inhabitants of the coastal region were first asked by the authorities to leave the area. The damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was also evacuated. They managed to get the workers to safety. Exact time: Sunday at 9:57 a.m. local time. The triggered tsunami reached a height of 10 cm in some places on the coasts of Iwate and Fukushima. The tsunami warning was lifted after almost two hours.

Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
July 19th 4th 1

August 2011

On August 1, a potentially fatal radiation dose of ten Sieverts per hour was measured for the first time at the bottom of an outer tube between reactors 1 and 2. The highest value up to that point was measured on June 3rd inside the destroyed reactor block 1 and was between three and four sieverts per hour.

On August 26, 2011, Prime Minister Naoto Kan resigned as Prime Minister and DPJ party chairman , as he previously announced .

Number of aftershocks
M≥5.0 M≥6.0 M≥7.0
August 11 4th 0

Emissions, measured values ​​- sorted by days

See tables in the article Radiation exposure from the Fukushima nuclear accidents

See also

  • Earthquake:
    • 2011 Christchurch earthquake (magnitude 6.3 MW, strong earthquake in New Zealand on February 22, 2011; on the opposite side of the Pacific plate)
    • Kobe earthquake (also Kobe, Hanshin Awaji earthquake disaster, January 17, 1995)
  • Operation Tomodachi (corresponds to the Japanese expression "Operation Freund [e]") and is the name of the relief operation launched by the US armed forces on March 12, 2011 in Japan, in particular most of the United States Forces military bases there.

Web links

cards

Aerial photos

Commons : Events at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant labeled as reactor accidents  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ USGS : Magnitude 9.0 - NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN ( Memento April 7, 2011 on WebCite )
  2. ↑ a b c d e JAIF (Japanese Atom Forum, business lobby association): Sequence of Developments at Nuclear Power Stations Affected by the Earthquake ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jaif.or.jp archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 38 kB) (English; in German, for example: Process in the NPPs after the earthquake.) Reactor status ( Memento from April 22, 2011 on WebCite ) (PDF; 276 kB) Overview of the reports
  3. ↑ Aerial images reveal extent of tsunami destruction. ( Memento of April 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English; in German: Report of the evaluation of aerial photographs of the affected areas.) In: The Asahi Shimbun of April 3, 2011
  4. ↑ a b c d e Seismic Damage Information (the 26th Release) ( English , PDF): nisa.meti.go.jp . NISA . March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Cumulative Number of Aftershocks (Magnitude> = 5.0). (No longer available online.) JMA, March 22, 2011, archived from the original on April 18, 2011 ; accessed on March 22, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jma.go.jp
  6. ↑ Sequence of Developments at Nuclear Power Stations Affected by the Earthquake. (PDF; 38 kB) JAIF, March 18, 2011, archived from the original on March 20, 2011 ; accessed on March 20, 2011 (English).
  7. ^ A b Robert Sham: Re: RJSS / SDJ (Sendai Airport - Japan - 11 / Mar / 2011) ( English ) IVAO Community Forum - France. March 12, 2011. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved on April 15, 2011: “B1048 / 11… ALL ACFT ARE REQUESTED TO AVOID FLYING THE FLW AIRSPACE AIRSPACE WITHIN A RADIUS OF 20KM FM 372529N1410158E THE TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER CO. , INC. FUKUSHIMA NR1 "
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g NISA Nuclear and Industrial Savety Agency (Japan) ( Memento from April 22, 2011 on WebCite )
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g JAIF Japan Atomic Industrial Forum ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2011 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 276 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jaif.or.jp
  10. ↑ Press Release: Impact to TEPCO's Facilities due to Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake (as of 3PM) . tepco.co.jp. March 12, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  11. ^ The Washington Post , accessed March 13, 2011.
  12. ↑ Explosion did not occur at Fukushima reactor: Japan spokesman. March 12, 2011, archived from the original on March 20, 2011 ; accessed on March 12, 2011 .
  13. ^ A quick report on Japanese Dams after the Earthquake. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams on March 13, 2011
  14. ↑ Partial travel warning for Northeast Japan . Wiener Zeitung. March 12, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved on April 12, 2011.
  15. ↑ a b Info page from the Society for Reactor Safety ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2011 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grs.de
  16. ^ Victims top 2,000 in Japan quake-tsunami, nuclear crisis continues ( Memento from March 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: The Mainichi Daily News . March 13, 2011
  17. ↑ a b c Hiroshi Hiyama: Blast at Japan nuke plans; quake leaves 10,000 missing . In: AFP . Retrieved March 12, 2011.
  18. ↑ Andrew Gilligan and Robert Mendick: Japan tsunami: Fukushima Fifty, the first interview ( English ) The Telegraph. March 27, 2011. Archived from the original on April 8, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2011.
  19. ↑ Status of Japanese ports 5 days after devastating quake and tsunami . Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation March 15, 2011
  20. ↑ Tepco or two decades full of breakdowns . The standard. March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved on March 28, 2011.
  21. ↑ Radiation values ​​in the status report of the operator TEPCO ( English ) March 17, 2011. Accessed March 19, 2011.
  22. ↑ Japan Crisis including NOTAM (update) ( English ) National Business Aviation Association. March 25, 2011. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2011.
  23. ↑ Lufthansa no longer flies to Tokyo . Spiegel Online . March 15, 2011. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved on March 17, 2011.
  24. ↑ Foreign Office tightened travel warning . In: stern.de . March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved on April 12, 2011.
  25. ↑ The Wall Street Journal has broken down the death toll and the number of missing persons by region of the disaster area. March 17, 2011
  26. ↑ Earthquake News - JAIF, No. 42: 20:00, April 4 (PDF; 145 kB) April 4, 2011. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved on April 23, 2011.
  27. ↑ Japan: Status report from March 16, 2011, 6:00 a.m. (CET) . In: grs.de . GRS - Society for Plant and Reactor Safety. March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 1, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2011.
  28. ↑ Construction freeze: China puts ambitious nuclear plans on hold . Spiegel Online . March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
  29. ↑ New power line to Fukushima almost finished. Spiegel Online, March 16, 2011, archived from the original on April 11, 2011 ; Retrieved March 17, 2011 .
  30. ^ Fission Products in Seattle Reveal Clues about Japan Nuclear Disaster . Technology Review, MIT. March 25, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  31. ↑ a b c Seismic Damage Information (the 37th Release) ( English , PDF) NISA. March 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 20, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nisa.meti.go.jp
  32. ↑ Fukushima nuclear plant to be decommissioned: Gov't ( English ) Kyodo News. March 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved on March 21, 2011.
  33. ↑ Readings of dust sampling ( en ) MEXT. S. 2. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved on April 11, 2011.
  34. ↑ Radioactive iodine beyond limit detected in tap water in Fukushima ( English ) Kyodo News. March 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved on March 19, 2011.
  35. ↑ 6 Times More than Allowed Radioiodine Detected at Fukushima N-Plant
  36. ↑ 6 Times More than Allowed Radioiodine Detected at Fukushima N-Plant
  37. ↑ http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2011032200203
  38. ↑ 東京 都 乳 児 の 家庭 に 水 配 布 へ ( Japanese ) In: NHK News . March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on March 26, 2011. Retrieved on March 24, 2011.
  39. ↑ Information on the situation in Japan: as of March 25, 2011, 1:00 p.m. ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2011 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grs.de
  40. ↑ 都 内 の 環境 放射線 量 調査 1 日 単 位 の 測定 結果 (Environmental Radiation Measurement Result in Tokyo) ( Japanese / English ) Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. April 13, 2011. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved on April 15, 2011.
  41. ↑ Radiation in Tokyo returns to pre-disaster level ( English ) Kyodo News. April 13, 2011. Archived from the original on April 13, 2011. Retrieved on April 13, 2011.
  42. ↑ Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log ( English ) In: iaea.org . IAEA. March 28, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on April 2, 2011.
  43. ↑ Live Ticker
  44. ↑ Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Hi-Res Photos. March 31, 2011, archived from the original on April 9, 2011 ; accessed on April 9, 2011 (English, with red truck-mounted concrete pump for water cooling of block 4; picture 3 reversed).
  45. ^ News conference on the nuclear crisis. Kyodo from March 25, 2011
  46. ↑ Japan's Prime Minister apologizes for GAU - Spiegel, dto
  47. ↑ Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 297/2011 of the Commission , accessed on April 5, 2011 . In: Official Journal of the European Union .
  48. ^ Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log; Updates of 25 March 2011 ( English ) IAEA. March 25, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  49. ↑ The radioactivity in reactor 2 is now ten million times higher than normal, reports operator Tepco. In Spiegel Online on the same day
  50. ↑ "Absolutely unacceptable errors" . FAZ of March 28, 2011. These first reports were later corrected. Nevertheless, the high values ​​indicate a core meltdown.
  51. ↑ "Absolutely unacceptable errors" . FAZ of March 28, 2011
  52. ↑ Japan admits meltdown at Fukushima nuclear power plant , Reuters , March 28, 2011
  53. ↑ Edano criticized ... FAZ, March 28, 2011.
  54. ↑ Status of March 28, structured according to prefectures; Wall Street Journal
  55. ↑ On Tuesday, a US Navy unit brought a mobile generator in an amphibious vehicle to the previously cut off island of Oshima off the coast of Miyagi, where 1,300 people remained without electricity. In: SZ
  56. ↑ Akihito visits earthquake victims. ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Deutsche Welle, video, March 30, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mediacenter.dw-world.de
  57. ↑ Fukushima excites shipping . Handelsblatt. March 30, 2011. Archived from the original on April 16, 2011. Retrieved on April 16, 2011.
  58. ↑ Seismic Damage Information (the 67th Release) ( English , PDF) NISA. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved on April 3, 2011.
  59. ↑ Kyodo news agency, according to FR ticker
  60. ^ Message from the operating company Tepco. According to FR ticker
  61. ^ FR of April 3, 2011 .
  62. ^ Source at FAZ from April 12, 2011
  63. ↑ Deaths confirmed at Fukushima Daiichi. Kazuhito Kokubo, 24 years, and Yoshiki Terashima, 21 years. One worker also died at Fukushima Daini after suffering serious injuries and becoming trapped in the crane operating console of the exhaust stack of one of the units during the earthquake.
  64. ↑ a b Intensive 3-day search for tsunami victims enters final day  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / mdn.mainichi.jp  In: The Mainichi Daily News . April 3, 2011. On the first two days, another 66 dead were recovered.
  65. ^ Coroner overwhelmed by the scale of carnage. japantimes April 5, 2011 Total number of bodies found: 79
  66. ↑ NPP operator directs radioactive water into the sea. In: spiegel-online , April 4, 2011
  67. ↑ The leak is tight ( memento of April 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) - report at tagesschau.de.
  68. ↑ Nitrogen injected into Fukushima reactor to reduce risk of explosion ( English ) Kyodo News. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  69. ↑ Japan seeks Russian help to end nuclear crisis Reuters ( archive ( memento from April 9, 2011 on WebCite )), by Chizu Nomiyama  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and Shinichi Saoshiro TOKYO April 4, 2011@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / blogs.reuters.com  
  70. ↑ a b Gov't bans shiitake mushroom shipment from Fukushima city ( English ) Kyodo News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  71. ↑ Information on the situation in Japan: As of April 7, 2011, 1:00 p.m. (CEST) . GRS. April 7, 2011. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. Retrieved on April 10, 2011.
  72. ↑ April 7, 2011, 11:32 p.m .: NZZ Online Another severe earthquake in Japan
  73. ^ NYT, 2:39 PM ET
  74. ↑ Powerful aftershock strikes northeastern Japan. washingtonpost.com dated: April 7, 12:20 PM.
  75. ^ New concern about Japanese nuclear power plants. FAZ-online from April 8, 2011 - four dead, 140 injured.
  76. ↑ Millions of people have no electricity. Spiegel Online from April 8, 2011
    Imperial Couple to visit evacuees. japantimes.co.jp (English)
  77. ↑ Toshiba proposes decommissioning 4 reactors in 10 years ( English ) Kyodo News. April 8, 2011. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved on April 8, 2011.
  78. ↑ Earthquake News - JAIF (PDF; 109 kB) JAIF. April 11, 2011. Archived from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved on April 11, 2011.
  79. ↑ Katsurao (Fukushima), Namie (Fukushima) and Iitate (Fukushima)
  80. ↑ See faz.net of April 12, 2011
  81. ↑ TEPCO tries to enclose high radiation in sea in nuke crisis ( English ) Kyodo News. April 10, 2011. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved on April 9, 2011.
  82. ^ INES (the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale) Rating on the Events in Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station by the Tohoku District - off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake ( English , PDF) NISA / METI. April 12, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nisa.meti.go.jp
  83. ↑ Japan expands evacuation areas around crippled nuclear plant ( English ) Kyodo News. April 11, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved on April 12, 2011.
  84. ↑ Strong quakes jolt eastern, central Japan kyodonews, 12 April 2011
  85. ↑ Live ticker on the disaster in Japan . Financial Times Germany. April 12, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved on April 12, 2011.
  86. ↑ http://www.mopo.de/news/panorama/wieder-schwere-nachbeben-in-japan/-/5066860/8338366/-/index.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mopo.de  
  87. ↑ Kan denies "death zone" . n-tv. April 13, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  88. ↑ Excessive radioactive cesium found in fish caught off Fukushima ( English ) Kyodo News. April 13, 2011. Archived from the original on April 13, 2011. Retrieved on April 13, 2011.
  89. ↑ Kyodo, April 14, 2011 (English) ( Memento of 12 April 2011 Webcite )
  90. ↑ Earthquake Report - JAIF, No. 52: 20:00, April 14 ( English , PDF; 119 kB) April 14, 2011. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved on April 14, 2011.
  91. ^ Payment of Temporary Compensation for damages caused by evacuation ( English ) Tepco. April 15, 2011. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011. Retrieved on April 15, 2011.
  92. ↑ New cooling systems may be installed outside Fukushima reactor buildings ( English , PDF) Kyodo News. April 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved on April 20, 2011.
  93. ↑ Roadmap towards Restoration from the Accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station ( English , PDF; 115 kB) Tepco. April 17, 2011. Archived from the original on April 17, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
  94. ^ Result of Water Analysis in the Skimmer Surge Tank of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 2 ( English , PDF; 8 kB) April 17, 2011. Archived from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved on April 18, 2011.
  95. ↑ Japanese distrust the Tepco crisis timetable. Spiegel Online from April 18, 2011
  96. ↑ Earthquake Report - JAIF, No. 57: 20:00, April 19 ( English , PDF; 162 kB) April 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 20, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jaif.or.jp
  97. ↑ GLOBAL SNAP POLL ON EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN AND ITS IMPACT ON VIEWS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY ( English , PDF; 509 kB) WIN-Gallup International. April 19, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved on April 21, 2011.
  98. ↑ Earthquake Report - JAIF, No. 58: 20:00, April 20 ( English , PDF; 90 kB) April 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved on April 20, 2011.
  99. ↑ Tokyo Electric admits fuel could be melting at Fukushima nuke plant ( English ) Kyodo News. April 21, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved on April 21, 2011.
  100. ↑ Cinthia Briseño: Save what can be saved. Spiegel Online from April 21, 2011
  101. ↑ Earthquake Report - No. 59: 20:00, April 21 ( English , PDF; 79 kB) April 21, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Accessed on April 21, 2011.
    Japan completely seals off Fukushima (Spiegel Online)
  102. ^ FR-online from April 22, 2011
  103. ↑ corresponds to jaif_61
  104. ↑ corresponds to jaif_65
  105. ↑ Big tank may be set up under Fukushima plant to store tainted water ( English ) Kyodo news. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on April 27, 2011. Retrieved on April 27, 2011.
  106. ↑ Water should be retained . ORF. April 23, 2011. Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved on April 23, 2011.
  107. ↑ corresponds to jaif No. 65 ( Memento from April 27, 2011 on WebCite ) (English)
  108. ↑ Japan's nuclear advisor resigned. Official accuses government of negligence. NZZ of April 30, 2011
  109. ↑ First success for Japanese opponents of nuclear power - Thousands of Japanese demonstrated for the exit from nuclear power. Japanese opponents of the NPP celebrate the shutdown of the Hamaoka power plant as an initial success. In NZZ on May 8, 2011
  110. ^ New quake ... in NZZ Online from May 14, 2011, 09:05
  111. ↑ At least 82 children were orphaned by the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan. ( Memento from July 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Stern.de from May 14, 2011
  112. ↑ Government demands new contingency plan
  113. ↑ Worker at Japan's crippled nuclear is planning this
  114. ↑ Announcement of Changes of Directors (English). Tepco, May 20, 2011, accessed May 20, 2011.
  115. ↑ Philip Bethge: Diaries of Failure. Spiegel Online from May 23, 2011
  116. ↑ Fukushima NPP - Tepco reports core meltdown in reactors 2 and 3. Spiegel Online dated May 24, 2011
  117. ↑ including soil sample in the city of Fukushima  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Luzerner Tageblatt, Switzerland@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.tageblatt.lu  
  118. ↑ In Tsunami-Torn City, Seaside Playgrounds Become Debris Dumps. - NY-Times of July 9, 2011 (English)
  119. ↑ Power-saving plan for big users kicks in. Tepco optimistic demand can be met without need for any blackouts. In: The Japan Times . July 1, 2011, accessed July 10, 2011 .
  120. ↑ Strong Earthquake Rattles Tsunami-Weary Japan - NY-Times July 9, 2011 at 11:15 PM ET (English, AP material)
  121. ↑ 岩手 、 宮城 、 福島 で 震 度 ４ ＝ 大船 渡 と 相 馬 で １０ セ ン チ の 津 波 －Ｍ７．３ ・ 気 象 庁 . In: Jiji Tsūshin . July 1, 2011, Retrieved July 10, 2011 (Japanese).
  122. ↑ Operator information : cf. Tepco has so far measured the highest level of radioactivity in Fukushima. Die Zeit Online from August 1, 2011.
  123. ↑ Japan's prime minister resigns ( Memento from January 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ); in: FTD of August 26, 2011