Cichy (Świętajno)

Cichy also: Cichy Młyn
	Cichy also: Cichy Młyn
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Olecko
Gmina :	Świętajno
Geographic location :	54 ° 6 '  N , 22 ° 19'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 5 '43 "  N , 22 ° 18' 55"  E
Residents :
Postal code :	19-411
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NOE
Economy and Transport
Street :	Dunajek / ext. 655 ↔ Sokółki - Kowale Oleckie / DK 65
	Duły / ext . 655 - Olszewo ↔ Swałk - Czerwony Dwór
	Nowiny → Cichy
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Danzig

Cichy ( German  Czychen , 1938–1945 Bolken , as well as Cichy Młyn German  Mühle Czychen , 1938–1945 Mühle Bolken ) are two places in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . They belong to the rural community Świętajno (Schwentainen) in Powiat Olecki ( Oletzko district , 1933–1945 Treuburg district ).

Entering Cichy in winter

Geographical location

Cichy is located on the river Struga ( Polish Cicha ) in the northeast of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , 14 kilometers northwest of the district town of Olecko (Marggrabowa , colloquially also Oletzko , 1928-1945 Treuburg) .

One and a half kilometers southwest of the village on the way to Nowiny (Neusaß) is the hamlet ( Polish osada ) Cichy Młyn with the striking structure of a water mill .

history

In 1554 the village, called Czychen until 1938, received the founding document from Duke Albrecht on the occasion of the award of the property . The name spelling of the village was subject to changes: If it was spelled Cschichen before 1785 , then after 1785 Czichen .

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the estate belonged to a Witting family and then to a von Gehren family . Its area was more than 1000 hectares. This included three pre-works , a brewery , the mill , a dairy and a sawmill . The core of the manor house dates back to 1750 and was restored in 1848. The 18.5 hectare manor park, which is still recognizable today, has many old trees.

On May 27, 1874, Czychen became an official village, giving its name to an administrative district that - renamed Bolken on September 13, 1938 - existed until 1945 and belonged to the Oletzko district (1933–1945 Treuburg district) in the Gumbinnen administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia .

Czychen recorded a total of 378 inhabitants in 1910, of which 41 were in the village and 337 in the manor district .

On the basis of the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Czychen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Czychen, 326 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.

On September 30, 1928, the Czychen Manor was incorporated into the Czychen community. After that, the total number of inhabitants was only 286 in 1933 and 304 in 1939, after the place was renamed Bolken on June 3 (officially confirmed on July 16) in 1938 .

As a result of the war, Czychen and his village, Mühle Czychen, came to Poland in 1945 along with all of southern East Prussia and were given Polish forms of name: Cichy and Cichy Młyn . Today Cichy is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish sołectwo ), which also includes the neighboring towns of Niemsty (Könitzberg , 1938–1945 Gertrudenhof) and Cichy Młyn, and thus belongs to the network of the rural community Świętajno (Schwentainen) in the Powiat Olecki ( Oletzko district , 1933 –1945 Treuburg district ), until 1998 part of the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then part of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

The former manor house was renovated in the 1970s, with a number of items of equipment removed. Today the building is owned by the State Agricultural Real Estate Agency (Agencja Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa - AWRSP).

District of Czychen / Bolken (1874–1945)

At the time of its existence, the Czychen District (1938–1945 Bolken District ) included:

Surname	Change name from 1938 to 1945	Polish name	Remarks
Barannas	Barnen	Barany
Twitched	Cheeks	Czukty
Czychen (village)	Bolken	Cichy
Czychen (good)			1928 incorporated into the rural community of Czychen
Diebowen	They build	Dybowo
Jurken	Jürgen (East Pr.)	Jurki
before 1908:
Little Schwalg	Schwalg	Swałk	previously Schwalg district
Sawadden	Schwalgenort	Zawady Oleckie	previously Schwalg district

Religions

→ Main article : Church of Cichy

Church building

The Evangelical Church in Czychen was built in 1566. It is a building made of plastered field stone with a retracted west tower. The church survived the wars largely well, it was renovated in 1975 and is now a Catholic parish church named after the Mother of God of Czestochowa .

Parish

Evangelical

Between the Reformation and 1945 there was only one Protestant church in Czychen. The parish church was assigned a large parish , which was temporarily looked after by two clergy at the same time. In 1925 a total of 5,200 parishioners were parishioners. The parish belonged to the Oletzko / Treuburg parish in the church province of East Prussia of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union .

Flight and expulsion of the local population brought Protestant community life to a standstill in the place now called Cichy. Today the region is oriented towards Gołdap (Goldap) , whose church is a branch church of the parish in Suwałki in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Roman Catholic

The Catholic church members in Czychen resp. Bolken was included in the parish in Marggrabowa (1928-1945 Treuburg, Polish Olecko) in the Diocese of Warmia until 1945 . The resettlement of Polish citizens after 1945 resulted in a Catholic pastoral care district in Cichy in 1952, which was converted into a parish in 1962. Today the parish of Cichy has three branch churches in: Mazury (Masuhren , 1938–1945 Masuria) , Sokółki (Sokolken , 1938–1945 Halldorf) and Czerwony Dwór (Rothebude) . It is part of the Diocese of Ełk (Lyck) of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

Connected to the place

• Philipp von Gehren (1868–1931), German administrative officer and manor owner, had lived on his estate in Czychen since 1919, and died there on September 12, 1931.

traffic

Cichy is located on a side road that connects the place both with the Polish state road DK 65 (former German Reichsstraße 132 ) (north-south direction) and with the voivodship road DW 655 (west-east direction) and also the connection to the The neighboring Voivodeships of Mazovia and Podlaskie . A subordinate side road provides the connection to the district town and also in the area of ​​the Borkener Forest (also Borker Heide, Polish Puszcza Borecka). Cichy is connected to the small neighboring town of Nowiny (Neusaß) via a land route.

A rail connection no longer exists since the Kruglanken – Marggrabowa (Oletzko) / Treuburg (Polish Kruklanki – Olecko) railway with the nearest railway station Griesen (Polish Gryzy) was abandoned as a result of the war.

Web links

Commons : Cichy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 159
2. ↑ Dietrich Lange: Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Bolken
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Manor and manor house of Cichy - Czychen / Bolken
4. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Jehke: District Czychen / Bolken
5. ^ Uli Schubert: Community directory, district of Oletzko
6. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : Self-determination for East Germany - A documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 63.
7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Treuburg (Oletzko). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ ^{a b} Czychen
9. ^ Rolf Jehke: District of Schwalg / Borkener Heide (partly)
10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2 Pictures of East Prussian Churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 115, fig. 518.
11. ↑ The Czychen Church
12. ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 484.