Population development of Frankfurt am Main

This article shows the population development of Frankfurt am Main in tabular and graphical form.

Population development

 

Population development in Frankfurt am Main according to the table below. Above from 1387 to 2018. Below an excerpt from 1871

Population structure in the Middle Ages

Little is known about the population development of Frankfurt during the High Middle Ages , until the 13th century Frankfurt was mentioned almost only in imperial historiography or in royal documents. In 1219 the civil parish ( honesti homines, cives de Frankenvort ) appears for the first time as a contractual partner in a document sealed with the town seal. The seal already bears the inscription Francenvort specialis domus imperii - Frankfurt, special seat of the empire.

The interest book of the Bartholomäusstift , created in 1267, lists more than 60 professions, including bathers, bloodleaders, barbers, wagoners, boatmen, sackclothes, gold, iron, knife and pan smiths, builders, stonemasons, carpenters, sign makers (painters), wool and Leash weavers, dyers, tanners, furriers, tailors, new and patchwork cobblers, bakers, butchers, fishermen, millers, wine growers, wine growers, fassbenders and brewers as well as a physicus (doctor) and organist each.

In his studies of the population of Frankfurt in the 14th and 15th centuries , Karl Bücher calculated a high of around 10,000 inhabitants in 1387. Of these, 3,405 were subject . By 1440 the population sank to under 9,000, in 1499 it reached its lowest point of around 7,600, including 2,583 taxpayers. During the 15th century, more than 5,000 new citizens, mostly from today's Rhine-Main area , immigrated to the city. This indicates that the urban population had an extremely unfavorable demographic structure: the average age was comparatively high, there were significantly more women than men, and people living in unsanitary conditions were repeatedly hit by epidemics . The economic and social structure of the citizenship was determined by handicrafts and agriculture, with most citizens tilling a field or garden as a sideline and keeping cattle, sometimes in the middle of the city. About 18% of the residents were not permanently resident in the city, but belonged to the servants or were traveling journeyman . About a tenth of the inhabitants were civil servants of the city or the clergy, about 5 to 6% were in trade or inn, only a few citizens were freelancers or rentiers. The craft professions became more and more differentiated during the late Middle Ages, so that, according to books, there were 338 professions in the city, including 45 blacksmithing professions alone . About 240 to 300 inhabitants belonged to the clergy, which did not contribute to the city's assets because of its tax privileges. About half of the taxpayers had no assets beyond the tax-free allowance at the time - a third of the apartment, a horse, a cow, household items, clothes, two silver cups per family and an annual supply of bread grain, wine, firewood, fodder and straw. Only 13% had assets of more than 400 guilders , of which 1.7% had more than 10,000 guilders.

In the late Middle Ages, Frankfurt was one of the medium-sized German cities, roughly comparable to Basel , Goslar , Mainz , Soest or Ulm , but significantly smaller than large cities such as Augsburg , Braunschweig , Cologne , Metz , Nuremberg , Strasbourg or the large Hanseatic cities of Bremen , Hamburg , Lübeck , Lüneburg or Rostock .

Modern times

Around 1520 Frankfurt am Main had around 10,000 inhabitants again. There is an influx of people from Central Europe and other European countries, particularly due to the trade in the area around the trade fairs . By 1605 the number doubled to 20,000 and again to 40,000 by 1810.

With the onset of industrialization in the 19th century , population growth accelerated. While around 54,000 people lived in the city in 1837, the number of inhabitants in Frankfurt am Main exceeded 100,000 as early as 1875. In 1895 the city had 230,000 inhabitants, by 1925 this number had doubled to 467,000. The incorporation of the city of Höchst am Main (31,439 inhabitants 1925) and other municipalities on April 1, 1928 brought an increase in population of 75,866. The city's population rose from 475,000 to 551,200.

Of the more than 30,000 Jews in Frankfurt before 1933 (the second largest Jewish community in Germany), around 12,000 had been murdered by 1945, almost all of the others had been deported, expelled or fled. Jewish life in the city was completely destroyed. After the liberation from National Socialism by the Allies , there were around 100 Jews remaining in Frankfurt. The effects of the Second World War are clearly visible . Large parts of the city center were destroyed by numerous air strikes . On March 22, 1944, a British attack destroyed the entire Gothic old town of Frankfurt , and 1,001 people lost their lives. Altogether more than 4,800 civilians and 12,700 Frankfurt soldiers died during the war as a result of fighting, half of the residential buildings (90,000) were destroyed. The city lost 35% of its residents (195,727 people) through evacuation, flight, deportations and air strikes. The population fell from 554,000 in 1939 to 358,000 in December 1945. In 1951, the pre-war level was reached again.

In 1963 the population peaked at 691,257 and then fell to 592,411 in 1986, mainly due to migration to the surrounding area . It then rose again and, after German reunification, was between 640,000 and 650,000 inhabitants until around 2005. The sharp rise since then to currently 763,380 as of December 31, 2019 is a result of the economic dynamism of the city, the designation of new settlement and residential areas - including on former military grounds of the American armed forces - and the change in the age structure due to the influx of young families.

The following table shows the population figures from Frankfurt am Main to the respective territorial status. Up to 1810 these are mostly estimates, then census results (¹) or official updates by the city administration (until 1970) and the State Statistical Office (from 1971). From 1837 the information relates to the “customs clearance population”, from 1871 to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the “population at the place of the main residence”. Before 1837 the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey methods.

From 1387 to 1900

(respective territorial status)

Year / date Residents 1387 9,600 1520 10,000 1605 20,000 1700 23,000 1750 32,000 1810 40,485 December 3, 1837 ¹ 54,037 December 3, 1840¹ 56,217

date Residents December 3, 1843 ¹ 56,348 December 3, 1846 ¹ 58,519 December 3, 1849 ¹ 59,366 December 3, 1852 ¹ 62,561 December 3, 1855 ¹ 64,316 December 3, 1858 ¹ 68,049 December 3, 1861 ¹ 71,564 December 3, 1864¹ 78.221

date Residents December 3, 1867 ¹ 78.277 December 1, 1871 ¹ 91.040 December 1, 1875 ¹ 103.136 December 1, 1880¹ 136,831 December 1, 1885 ¹ 154,441 December 1, 1890¹ 180.020 December 2, 1895 ¹ 229.279 December 1, 1900 ¹ 288,989

¹ census result

From 1905 to 1944

(respective territorial status)

date Residents December 1, 1905 ¹ 334.978 December 1, 1910¹ 414,576 December 1, 1916 ¹ 395,663 December 5, 1917 ¹ 389,692 October 8, 1919 ¹ 433.002 December 31, 1919 458,400 December 31, 1920 466,900 December 31, 1921 475,700 December 31, 1922 477,700 December 31, 1923 471,600

date Residents December 31, 1924 472,300 June 16, 1925 ¹ 467.520 December 31, 1925 473,500 December 31, 1926 472,900 December 31, 1927 475,000 December 31, 1928 551.200 December 31, 1929 547,000 December 31, 1930 540,900 December 31, 1931 535,900 December 31, 1932 534,000

date Residents June 16, 1933 ¹ 555.857 December 31, 1933 554,900 December 31, 1934 555,367 December 31, 1935 555.279 December 31, 1936 551.051 December 31, 1937 551.420 December 31, 1938 557.100 May 17, 1939 ¹ 553.464 December 31, 1940 557,900

¹ census result

The results of the consumer group statistics , which were obtained from the food allocation data and published by the Federal Statistical Office in 1953, provide a more realistic assessment of the population development in World War II . According to the small consumer group statistics, the civilian population served in Frankfurt comprised 487,698 people at the beginning of February 1943 (including 13,978 group caterers), at the beginning of February 1944 449,055 (including 30,772 group caterers), in mid-August 1944 only 294,504 (including 26,215 group caterers) and in October / November 1944 297,289 people (including 32,734 caterers).

From 1945 to 1970

(respective territorial status)

date Residents December 31, 1945 357.737 October 29, 1946 ¹ 424.065 September 13, 1950 ¹ 532.037 December 31, 1951 562,743 December 31, 1952 580.463 December 31, 1953 600,579 September 25, 1956 ¹ 623.172

date Residents December 31, 1960 670.048 June 6, 1961 ¹ 683.081 December 31, 1961 685,682 December 31, 1962 688.896 December 31, 1963 691.257 December 31, 1964 689.724 December 31, 1965 689.288

date Residents December 31, 1966 683.707 December 31, 1967 667.457 December 31, 1968 665.405 December 31, 1969 665.791 May 27, 1970 ¹ 669.635 December 31, 1970 669.751

¹ census result

Source: City of Frankfurt am Main

From 1971

(respective territorial status)

date Residents December 31, 1971 657.776 December 31, 1972 666.990 December 31, 1973 663.422 December 31, 1974 652.037 December 31, 1975 636.157 December 31, 1976 626.251 December 31, 1977 632,565 December 31, 1978 631.007 December 31, 1979 628.203 December 31, 1980 629.375 December 31, 1981 625.352 December 31, 1982 620.186 December 31, 1983 610.244 December 31, 1984 599,634 December 31, 1985 595,348 December 31, 1986 592.411 May 25, 1987 ¹ 618.266

date Residents December 31, 1987 621.379 December 31, 1988 625.258 December 31, 1989 635.151 December 31, 1990 644.865 December 31, 1991 654.079 December 31, 1992 663,952 December 31, 1993 659,803 December 31, 1994 652.412 December 31, 1995 650.055 December 31, 1996 647.304 December 31, 1997 643,469 December 31, 1998 643.857 December 31, 1999 643.821 December 31, 2000 646,550 December 31, 2001 641.076 December 31, 2002 643.726 December 31, 2003 643.432

date Residents December 31, 2004 646,889 December 31, 2005 651.899 December 31, 2006 652.610 December 31, 2007 659.021 December 31, 2008 664,838 December 31, 2009 671.927 December 31, 2010 679.664 May 9, 2011¹ 667.925 December 31, 2011 676,533 December 31, 2012 687.775 December 31 2013 701.350 December 31, 2014 717.624 December 31, 2015 732.688 December 31, 2016 736.414 December 31, 2017 746.878 December 31, 2018 753.056 December 31, 2019 761,561

¹ census result.

Source: Hessian State Statistical Office

Note: On May 9, 2011, the cut-off date of the 2011 census , the official population was around 19,000 (2.7%) below the number of inhabitants determined by the city on April 30, 2011 based on the previous update of the population register . According to this update, which also took into account people with secondary residence and is no longer comparable with the census results, the population on December 31, 2011 was 698,035. The previous high of 1963 was thus exceeded. As of June 30, 2012, Frankfurt had over 700,000 inhabitants for the first time in history, and on February 18, 2019 for the first time over 750,000.

Population forecast

Population development in Frankfurt from 1990 to 2018 compared to the four forecasts shown below.
green: two coordinated population
projections magenta: forecasts by the city administration
red: forecast by Postbank
orange: forecast by the Bertelsmann Foundation

In the graphic opposite, the following forecasts are summarized as an overview.

Coordinated population projection

Based on 2010 data

2010	2015	2020	2030
666.920	679.185	689.767	695.738

Based on 2014 data

2014	2020	2025	2030
717.624	787.615	815.485	841.228

As part of the 12th coordinated population projection of the Federal Statistical Office , the State Statistical Office published regionalized forecast data for all Hessian districts and urban districts in August 2010 . The forecast was updated in 2016 based on the population as of December 31, 2014. It predicts the following population development for Frankfurt as of December 31 of each year:

With 17.2% in the period under review, Frankfurt am Main has the greatest expected growth of all Hessian municipalities, of which 5.5 percentage points are accounted for by the birth surplus and 11.7 by the net migration. The average age of the Frankfurt population is expected to rise to 42.1 years by 2030, which is the lowest value after Darmstadt and Offenbach.

City administration forecasts

2020	2030	2040
764.091	810.084	829.773

The Frankfurt population projection published in December 2010 by the Citizens' Office Statistics and Elections was based on data from December 31, 2009. According to this, the Frankfurt population should rise to around 725,000 by 2020 and then decrease slightly to around 723,000 by 2030.

According to the regionalized population projection up to 2040 published in June 2015, the number of inhabitants will rise much faster in the next few decades than according to previous forecasts. The reason is the strong population growth since around 2005, which will continue unabated in the next few years, in connection with the development of residential construction. It is expected that new apartments will be built for around 70,000 residents by 2030. Due to the large influx of relatively young people, the average age will only rise slightly from 41.09 to 41.86 by 2040.

For the first time, the population forecast up to 2040 also includes data for the individual city districts. The strongest absolute population growth is expected in Bornheim (+ 7,800) and Bockenheim (+6,900), the highest growth rates in Sindlingen (50%), Preungesheim (31%), Frankfurter Berg, Bonames and Bornheim (26 to 28% each). No population decline is expected in any part of the city; the lowest growth rate of 7% is for Sachsenhausen-Nord.

Postbank forecast

2015	2020	2025	2030	2035
708,600	713,800	705.100	686,400	664,500

In March 2016, Deutsche Postbank AG published a study conducted by Michael Bräuninger, professor at Helmut Schmidt University , entitled Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City , in which a population forecast for 36 major German cities for the year 2030 is carried out. It also explicitly takes into account the immigration in the context of the refugee crisis in Germany from 2015 . For Frankfurt am Main, it predicted a population decline of 2.05% from 2015 to 2030 despite the influx of refugees. The study was not based on the current population development and the forecasts of the city or the Hessian State Statistical Office, but on the regional planning forecast 2035 published in 2015 by the Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research . Its main purpose was to predict the development of real estate prices in major German cities and took into account the forecast period from 2012 to 2035. For Frankfurt am Main, it assumed a population development for the period from 2015 to 2035 that was completely different from the actual development.

Bertelsmann Foundation forecast

2012	2020	2025	2030
687.560	752,550	773.630	784.920

In their 2015 published “Guide to Demographic Change 2030”, in which the Bertelsmann Foundation provides data on the development of the population of 2,959 municipalities in Germany, an increase in the population of 14.2% (97,360 people) between 2012 and 2030 is predicted for Frankfurt .

Population structure

Since the 2005 microcensus there have been statistical evaluations of the places of birth of the Frankfurt population. At that time 35% of Frankfurt citizens were born in Frankfurt, the rest moved here. 88.2% of the 221,000 native Frankfurters were Germans, 11% of them with evidence of a migration background ; 11.8% were foreign nationals. On December 31, 2008, a total of 242,650 of 641,153 residents registered as having their main residence in Frankfurt had a migration background, which corresponds to a population share of 37.9%. According to the 2011 census , 44.2% of Frankfurt's residents have a migration background, which is the highest figure among German cities with more than 300,000 residents; among the other large cities, this value is only higher in Pforzheim and Offenbach . In 2016, the proportion of residents with a migration background reached 50%, and in 2015 it was 68% for children under six.

Population in the 46 districts on December 31, 2019

No.	district	Area in km²	Residents	Female	Male	German	Foreigners	Foreigners in percent	Inhabitants per km²
1	Old town	0.506	4,218	2,065	2.153	2,669	1,549	36.7	8336
2	Downtown	1.491	6,599	3.112	3,487	3,539	3,060	46.4	4426
3	Bahnhofsviertel	0.542	3,552	1,321	2,231	1,706	1,846	52	6554
4th	Westend-South	2.497	19,314	9,839	9,475	14.006	5,308	27.5	7735
5	Westend-North	1.632	10,373	5,391	4,982	7,366	3,007	29	6356
6th	Northrend-West	3,100	30,897	15,845	15.052	24,144	6,753	21.9	9967
7th	Northrend-East	1.532	23,182	12,045	11,137	18,016	5,166	22.3	15132
8th	Ostend	5.564	29,477	15,108	14,369	21,070	8,407	28.5	5298
9	Bornheim	2.786	30,917	16,316	14,601	23,511	7,406	24	11097
10	Gutleutviertel	1,792	6,964	3,047	3,917	4,000	2,964	42.6	3886
11	Gallus	4,517	41,851	19,824	22,027	24,621	17,230	41.2	9265
12	Bockenheim	8.031	41,904	20,948	20,956	28,086	13,818	33	5218
13	Sachsenhausen-North	4,235	32,817	16,845	15,972	24,712	8.105	24.7	7749
14th	Sachsenhausen-South	30.535	29,151	15.001	14,150	21,961	7.190	24.7	955
15th	Airport	24.176	Data in Sachsenhausen-Süd included
17th	Niederrad	6.124	26,488	13,363	13,125	16,957	9,531	36	4325
18th	Schwanheim	14.773	20,730	10,615	10.115	15,691	5,039	24.3	1403
19th	Griesheim	5.100	23,825	11,111	12,714	13,811	10,014	42	4672
20th	Rödelheim	4,660	19,360	9,688	9,672	12,778	6,582	34	4155
21st	Hausen	1.246	7,516	3,850	3,666	4,858	2,658	35.4	6032
22nd	Praunheim	5.153	16,709	8,585	8,124	12,087	4,622	27.7	3243
24	Heddernheim	2.514	17.303	9,068	8,235	12,967	4,336	25.1	6883
25th	Niederursel	7.422	16,460	8,360	8,100	11,607	4,853	29.5	2218
26th	Ginnheim	2,695	16,664	8,520	8,144	12,377	4,287	25.7	6183
27	Thorn bush	2.384	18,770	9,931	8,839	14,569	4,201	22.4	7873
28	Eschersheim	3.232	15,344	7,939	7,405	11,970	3,374	22nd	4748
29	Eckenheim	2.254	14,392	7,413	6,979	10.155	4,237	29.4	6385
30th	Preungesheim	3,680	15,863	8,033	7,830	11,242	4,621	29.1	4311
31	Bonames	1.372	6,456	3,276	3,180	4,634	1,822	28.2	4706
32	Berkersheim	3.185	3,791	1.921	1,870	3,120	671	17.7	1190
33	Riederwald	1.074	5,015	2,544	2,471	3,552	1,463	29.2	4669
34	Seckbach	7.999	10,605	5,338	5,267	7,433	3,172	29.9	1326
35	Fechenheim	6,984	18,111	8,495	9,616	10.146	7,965	44	2593
36	Maximum	4,597	15,897	7,681	8,216	9,327	6,570	41.3	3458
37	Nied	3.708	19,973	9,862	10.111	12,501	7,472	37.4	5386
38	Sindlingen	3,968	9,068	4,449	4,619	6,089	2,979	32.9	2285
39	Zeilsheim	5.467	12,623	6,255	6,368	8,731	3,892	30.8	2309
40	Unterliederbach	6.021	17,237	8,582	8,655	11,614	5,623	32.6	2863
41	Sossenheim	5,919	16,226	8,177	8,049	10,309	5,917	36.5	2741
42	Nieder-Erlenbach	8.367	4,682	2,383	2,299	4,009	673	14.4	560
43	Kalbach-Riedberg	6.580	21,795	11,047	10,748	16,683	5.112	23.5	3312
44	Harheim	4,837	5,234	2,664	2,570	4,396	838	16	1082
45	Nieder-Eschbach	6.348	11,518	5,932	5,586	8,756	2,762	24	1814
46	Bergen-Enkheim	12.601	17,941	9,240	8,701	14,321	3,620	20.2	1424
47	Frankfurter Berg	2,400	8,168	4.110	4,058	5,987	2,181	26.7	3403
	town Frankfurt am Main	248.31	758.574	382.246	376.328	531.182	227.392	30th	3055

foreign population

The table shows the largest groups of foreigners legally registered with their main residence in Frankfurt am Main as of December 31, 2018.

rank	Country	Population (December 31, 2018)
1.	Turkey	25,395
2.	Croatia	16,286
3.	Italy	15,242
4th	Poland	12,496
5.	Romania	10,779
6th	Serbia	9.214
7th	Bulgaria	8,678
8th.	Spain	7,282
9.	India	6,908
10.	Greece	6,510
11.	Bosnia and Herzegovina	6,079
12.	Morocco	6,074
13.	Afghanistan	4,911
14th	People's Republic of China	4,646
15th	France	4,605
16.	Portugal	4,003
17th	Russia	3,376
18th	Japan	3,353
19th	Eritrea	3.157
20th	United States	3,147
	other	60,480
	all in all	222,621

age structure

The following overview shows the age structure of Frankfurt residents as of December 31, 2013:

Age from / to population Percentage 0-5 42,800 6.1 6-14 52,622 7.5 15-64 493,887 70.4 over 65 112.041 16.0 total 701.350 100.0

Until 2003 the average age of the Frankfurt population was always above the national average, since then it has been below. From 1995 to 2005, the average age in Frankfurt rose from 41.2 to 41.9 years, and since then it has fallen continuously to 40.6 years until 2017. Frankfurt has the lowest average age of all Hessian municipalities. According to a study by the Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) , the average age in Frankfurt is falling the fastest in Germany due to the continued influx of mainly young people . The average age in Hesse was 43.7 years in 2017, and 44.2 years nationwide.

According to the population structure, Frankfurt also has an above-average number of births. In 2017, 9,003 children were born alive, the highest level since 1967. Since the low of 1984 (4,995 births) the number of births has risen steadily. In 2017, the Frankfurt fertility rate was 55.2 live births per year for every 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 45.

Frankfurt am Main is one of the few Hessian municipalities that has had both a birth surplus and a positive net migration for years.

See also

• History of Frankfurt am Main
• List of districts in Frankfurt am Main
• List of districts of Frankfurt am Main
• List of the boroughs of Frankfurt am Main

literature

• Statistical department of the Frankfurt Association for Geography and Statistics (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Free City of Frankfurt . J. D. Sauerländer, Frankfurt 1866.
• Imperial Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook for the German Empire. 1880-1918.
• Statistisches Reichsamt (Ed.): Statistical yearbook for the German Reich. 1919–1941 / 42.
• German Association of Cities (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook of German municipalities. 1890 ff.
• Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany. 1952 ff.
• Bertelsmann Stiftung (Ed.): Guide to Demographic Change 2020. Analyzes and action plans for cities and municipalities. Bertelsmann Stiftung Publishing House, Gütersloh 2006, ISBN 3-89204-875-4 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Johann Friedrich Böhmer / Friedrich Lau (Ed.): Document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt. Codex diplomaticus Moeno-Francofurtanus. Volume 1 (794-1313), Frankfurt am Main 2nd edition 1901, No. 50.
2. ↑ Konrad Bund: Investigations on the chronology, source problems and source value of the oldest memorial traditions of the Frankfurt St. Bartholomäusstift. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. 32 (1982), p. 19 ff.
3. ^ Karl books : The population of Frankfurt am Main in the XIV. And XV. Century, social-statistical studies , Tübingen 1886 ( digitized  - Internet Archive ).
4. ↑ Alexander Dietz : Frankfurter Bürgerbuch: Historical reports about 600 known Frankfurt families from the time before 1806 . A. Osterrieth, Frankfurt am Main 1897, p. 186 ff.
5. ↑ Model calculation for the development of private households in Frankfurt am Main until 2030. (PDF, 197 kB) In: Statistics currently no. 2/2011. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019 ; accessed on February 24, 2020 . 
6. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Reports, Work No. VIII / 19/1, The civilian population of the German Empire 1940–1945. Results of the consumer group statistics. Wiesbaden 1953, p. 30.
7. ↑ Population of Hessian municipalities at the Hessian State Statistical Office
8. ↑ 2011 census on Frankfurt.de (PDF; 1.5 MB) accessed on Feb. 26, 2020
9. ^ Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main, population development , statistics currently 11/2012
10. ↑ Statistics current 16/2012 (PDF; 84 kB)
11. ↑ February 18, 2019: Frankfurt now has over 750,000 inhabitants. (PDF, 114 kB) In: Statistics currently No. 3/2019. Retrieved February 24, 2020 . 
12. ↑ Population in Hesse 2060. (pdf) Regionalized population projection for Hesse up to 2030 May 2016, p. 15 , accessed on February 11, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Population forecast 2030, current statistics 26/2010 (PDF; 203 kB)
14. ↑ Population projection up to 2040 , Frankfurt Statistical Reports 2015 (pdf, 507 kB)
15. ↑ Press release Deutsche Post AG: Postbank study “Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City”: Where population growth causes prices to rise , published on March 3, 2016, accessed on March 3, 2016
16. ↑ Spatial planning forecast 2035. (PDF) In: BBSR-Analyzes KOMPAKT05 / 2015. Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning , April 2015, accessed on March 7, 2016 . 
17. ↑ Reiner Schulze: Frankfurt is shrinking . Postbank looked to the future. In: FAZ . March 5, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 37 .
18. ↑ Population development 2012 to 2035 according to districts ( memento of the original from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (XLSX, 73 kV) 
19. ↑ Population projection - population structure. Independent city of Frankfurt am Main. Accessed on February 11, 2018 (status as of December 31). 
20. ↑ Frankfurt Statistics 35/2007 (PDF; 114 kB)
21. ↑ Frankfurter Statistisches Jahrbuch 2009 , p. 17. (PDF; 471 kB)
22. ↑ Persons by migration background for Frankfurt am Main, city (district-free city) - in% - , census database
23. ↑ Integration report - every second person has a migration background (Frankfurter Rundschau, June 1, 2015)
24. ↑ Statistics currently 03/2020. Residents with main residence in Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved April 8, 2020 . 
25. ↑ Materials on city observation - Issue 28. Urban area and land use 2018. Citizens' Office, Statistics and Elections of the City of Frankfurt am Main, accessed on February 19, 2020 .  As of December 31, 2018
26. ↑ Source: Statistics.aktuell Frankfurt am Main (02/2019): Foreign residents in Frankfurt, as of December 31, 2018 (PDF; 143 kB)
27. ↑ ^{a b} Hessian municipal statistics . Selected structural data from population and economy. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed on December 3, 2015 . 
28. ↑ ^{a b c} Florian Diekmann: Population development: Where Germany is aging fastest . In: Spiegel Online . March 4, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed March 4, 2019]).
29. ↑ ^{a b} Source: Frankfurt Statistics Current, Birth Development in Frankfurt am Main 2008 (PDF; 59 kB)
30. ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2018: Population (PDF; 3.2 MB), p. 54, accessed on February 24, 2020

Web links

• Hessian State Statistical Office: Population
• City of Frankfurt am Main: figures, data, facts on the subject of population
• Bertelsmann Foundation: Guide to Demographic Change