Erie County (New York)
Erie County Courthouse |
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administration | |
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US state : | new York |
Administrative headquarters : | Buffalo |
Address of the administrative headquarters: |
95 Franklin Street Buffalo, New York 14202 |
Foundation : | April 2, 1821 |
Made up from: | Niagara County |
Area code : | 001 716 |
Demographics | |
Residents : | 919,040 (2010) |
Population density : | 339.8 inhabitants / km 2 |
geography | |
Total area : | 3178 km² |
Water surface : | 473 km² |
map | |
Website : www.erie.gov |
Erie County is a county in the state of New York in the United States . At the 2010 census , the county had 919,040 people and a population density of 340 people per square kilometer. The county seat is Buffalo .
geography
Erie County is located in northwest New York state. It has an area of 3,178 square kilometers, of which 473 square kilometers are water. The county is located in the northern plateau southeast of the Great Lakes , consists of glacial hill country that rises from north to south from the plain around the Niagara River, and borders on Lake Erie to the west . There are several large harbors along the lake shore; the largest of them, Buffalo , is also the county's largest city. The largest rivers are the eastern branch of the Niagara River , which splits into two branches a few kilometers after its outflow from Lake Erie, which later flow together again and thus form the river island Grand Lake, which is a town of its own, the Cattaraugus Creek and the Tonawanda Creek , which is also the northern limit of the county. There are no noteworthy surveys; the hill country in the south reaches heights of up to 100 meters above the northern plain.
Surrounding areas
Niagara Falls (Canada) | Niagara County | Orleans County |
Lake Erie |
Genesee County Wyoming County |
|
Chautauqua County | Cattaraugus County |
history
The area of today's Erie County was originally inhabited by the Seneca Indians , a tribe of the Iroquois , from whom it was bought by the first colonists around 1790. This land went into the Holland Purchase , which included most of today's county. From 1797 to 1838, the Buffalo Creek Reservation took up a large portion of what is now the county. The settlement of the area by colonists from the east coast was initially slow, so that the first state administrative structures did not emerge until around 1800. The area of what is now Erie County first belonged to Genesee County , founded on March 20, 1802 , which was then subdivided. On March 11, 1808, Niagara County was spun off from Genesee County , which was later further subdivided. So Erie County was created on April 2, 1821 as an independent administrative unit and was named after the Erie Indians .
In the British-American War (1812 to 1815), Buffalo and Black Rock were captured on the morning of March 13, 1813 by a surprising advance of the British advancing from Canada and Buffalo burned down. After the peace treaty of 1814, however, the conquest did not result in any border shifts.
With the opening of the Erie Canal on October 26, 1825, which flowed into Lake Erie in Buffalo, a transport route was created between the Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes, which greatly increased the population of the previously almost uninhabited plains in the west of the state of New York and their industrial development promoted. The canal made Buffalo the port of communication for merchant ships on the Great Lakes with the port city of New York . However, the canal was frozen over in the winter months and was therefore not navigable. With the opening of the Erie Railroad , which was planned and built from 1832, an additional trade connection could be used and the development of the areas around the Great Lakes could be further accelerated. The use of hydropower, particularly along the Niagara River, for a variety of factories and factories led to the establishment of an industrial and commercial belt along the lakeshore, the banks of the Niagara, the Erie Canal and the various railway junctions, especially in the northern and western parts of the county.
During the years leading up to the Civil War (1861–1865), several escape routes of southern slaves led across Lake Erie to abolitionist Canada; Buffalo was the end point of many of these routes. A number of land routes, some of which directly followed the lakeshore and were lined with permanent aid stations with food and shelter for the refugees, also ran through Erie County.
With the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1957, the region was cut off from important trade routes and fell significantly behind both economically and in terms of population.
There is a National Historic Site in the county , the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site . Ten locations have National Historic Landmark status . A total of 183 buildings and sites in the county are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as of February 17, 2018).
Population development
year | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residents | 35,719 | 62,465 | 100,993 | 141,971 | 178,699 | 219,884 | 322,981 | |||
year | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 |
Residents | 433,686 | 528.985 | 634,688 | 762,408 | 798.377 | 899.238 | 1,064,688 | 1,113,491 | 1,015,472 | 968.532 |
year | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 | 2060 | 2070 | 2080 | 2090 |
Residents | 950.265 | 922.835 |
cities and communes
Locality | status | Population (2010) |
Total area [km²] |
Land area [km²] |
Population density [inhabitants / km²] |
founding | Specialty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alden | Town | 10,865 | 89.4 | 88.9 | 122.3 | 27 Mar 1823 | |
Amherst | Town | 122,366 | 138.8 | 137.8 | 888.0 | Apr 10, 1813 | |
Aurora | Town | 13,782 | 94.4 | 94.3 | 146.2 | Apr 11, 1804 | Name when founded: Willink |
Boston | Town | 8,023 | 92.8 | 92.8 | 86.5 | Apr 5, 1817 | |
Brant | Town | 2,065 | 64.1 | 63.0 | 32.8 | 25th Mar 1839 | |
Buffalo | City | 261.310 | 136.0 | 104.6 | 2,498.3 | Feb. 8, 1810 | Elevated to the city on April 20, 1832 |
Cattaraugus reservation | reserve | 1,833 | 66.3 | 65.4 | 28.0 | is cross-border z. T. in Cattaraugus County | |
Cheektowaga | Town | 88,216 | 76.4 | 76.2 | 1,157.7 | 22 Mar 1839 | Original spelling: Chictawauga |
Clarence | Town | 30,673 | 138.9 | 138.6 | 221.4 | 11th Mar 1808 | |
Colden | Town | 3,265 | 92.5 | 92.3 | 35.4 | Apr 2, 1827 | |
Collins | Town | 6,601 | 124.7 | 124.2 | 53.1 | 16. Mar. 1821 | |
Concord | Town | 8,494 | 181.5 | 181.1 | 46.9 | 20 Mar 1812 | |
Eden | Town | 7,688 | 103.2 | 103.1 | 74.6 | 20 Mar 1812 | |
Elma | Town | 11,317 | 89.4 | 89.4 | 126.6 | Dec. 4, 1857 | |
Evans | Town | 16,356 | 107.6 | 107.6 | 152.1 | 23 Mar 1821 | |
Grand Island | Town | 20,374 | 86.2 | 73.2 | 278.2 | Oct 19, 1852 | |
Hamburg | Town | 56,936 | 107.1 | 107.0 | 532.0 | 20 Mar 1812 | |
Holland | Town | 3,401 | 92.8 | 92.7 | 36.7 | Apr 15, 1818 | |
Lackawanna | City | 18,141 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 1,065.9 | 1909 | |
Lancaster | Town | 41,604 | 98.3 | 97.7 | 426.1 | 20 Mar 1833 | |
Marilla | Town | 5,327 | 71.3 | 71.2 | 74.8 | Dec 2, 1853 | |
Newstead | Town | 8,594 | 132.4 | 131.5 | 65.4 | 11th Mar 1804 | Name when founded: Erie |
North Collins | Town | 3,523 | 111.4 | 111.0 | 31.7 | Nov 24, 1852 | Name when founded: Shirley |
Orchard Park | Town | 29,054 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 291.8 | Oct 15, 1850 | Name when founded: Ellicot , then North Holland ; Orchard Park since 1934 . |
Sardinia | Town | 2,775 | 130.6 | 130.0 | 21.4 | 16. Mar. 1821 | |
Tonawanda | City | 15,130 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 1,536.1 | 1904 | |
Tonawanda | Town | 73,567 | 52.5 | 48.5 | 1,516.1 | Apr 16, 1836 | |
Tonawanda reservation | reserve | 34 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 7.1 | Overall to Genesee County | |
Wales | Town | 3,005 | 92.3 | 92.2 | 32.6 | Apr 15, 1818 | |
West Seneca | Town | 44,711 | 55.5 | 55.3 | 808.3 | Oct 16, 1851 | Name when founded: Seneca |
literature
- John Homer French: Gazetteer of the State of New York . RP Smith, Syracuse, NY 1860, pp. 279 ff . Online version as PDF at archive.org , accessed on August 25, 2015
- Crisfield Johnson: Centennial history of Erie County, New York . Matthews & Warren, Buffalo, NY 1876. Online PDF version at archive.org , accessed September 11, 2015
Individual evidence
- ↑ Erie County in the United States Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System ; accessed on September 12, 2015
- ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: New York . National Park Service , accessed February 17, 2018.
- ↑ Search mask database in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed February 17, 2018.
- ↑ a b Population figures 1830–2010 according to the census results
- ↑ John Homer French: Gazetteer of the State of New York . RP Smith, Syracuse, NY 1860. (unless otherwise noted)
Web links
Coordinates: 42 ° 45 ′ N , 78 ° 47 ′ W