Federazione dei Verdi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Federazione dei Verdi
Party logo
Party executive Angelo Bonelli (Coordinator)
Giobbe Covatta (Portavoce)
founding December 9, 1990
ideology green
European party European Green Party
EP Group Greens / EFA
MPs
0/630
Senators
1/315
MEPs
0/76
Headquarters ItalyItaly Rome , Via Salandra 6
Party newspaper Note verdi
Website www.verdi.it

The Federazione dei Verdi has been a green party in Italy since 1990 . The party has not been represented in any national or European parliament since 2009.

The Greens achieved their best results in Milan and in Trentino-South Tyrol . One of the fathers of the Greens in Italy, Alexander Langer , came from Bolzano .

history

Forerunner (until 1990)

The emergence of a green party in Italy - compared to other Western European countries - was delayed by the existence of the radical-liberal and anti-authoritarian Partito Radicale (PR). In the 1970s and 80s, this partially took on the role of an alternative and environmental party and reservoir for the new social movements . In addition to the PR, which only ran for national parliamentary elections, the Green Lists (List Verde) emerged from the environmental movement in 1982/83 , which initially ran exclusively at the local and regional level. PR and List Verde were not in competition with each other, but cooperated. In December 1984 the first national meeting of the Verdi List took place in Florence .

For the regional elections in 1985, List Verde competed in 11 regions under the symbol of the “ smiling sun ”, which the Federazione dei Verdi still uses today. They got 1.8% of the vote nationwide and a total of 10 seats in the regional councils. There was a clear north-south divide. The Greens did the strongest in Piedmont , where Lista Verde and Lista Verde Civica together got 3.4% and two seats. An exception was the small town of Avetrana in the southern Italian region of Apulia , where the Lista Verde received 70% of the votes and then provided the mayor. This was related to plans to build a nuclear power plant in the community , which made Avetrana a stronghold of the anti-nuclear movement .

Adelaide Aglietta

On November 16, 1986 representatives of the regional and local List Verde founded the Federazione delle Liste Verdi in Finale Ligure on the Italian Riviera . In the 1987 parliamentary elections , the Verde list first appeared at national level. They got 2.5% of the vote nationwide and - since there was no threshold clause - 13 seats in the Chamber of Deputies . So they were almost on a par with the Partito Radicale. There was again a gap between northern and southern Italy: the Greens were strongest in Trentino-Alto Adige (4.6%), and weakest in parts of Campania (0.7%).

In May 1989 the party Verdi Arcobaleno ("Rainbow Left") was founded. In this, the group Arcobaleno of the crumbling Democrazia Proletaria around Mario Capanna and Edo Ronchi came together with a movement of the Partito Radicale around Maria Adelaide Aglietta and Francesco Rutelli . As a result, two green lists ran for the European elections in June 1989 : the Verdi Europa - Lista Verde (VE-LV) received 3.8% of the vote and three of the 81 Italian seats; the Verdi Arcobaleno per l'Europa to 2.4% and two seats. The first Green MEPs from Italy included Alexander Langer (LV), Maria Adelaide Aglietta and Edo Ronchi (VA). They joined the group The Greens in the European Parliament , which also had a member of the Democrazia Proletaria and the Partito Radicale, so that Italy sent a total of seven “green” MPs.

Foundation of the FdV (1990–1994)

Carlo Ripa di Meana
Francesco Rutelli

Federazione delle Liste Verdi and Verdi Arcobaleno merged on December 9, 1990 in Castrocaro Terme to form the Federazione dei Verdi. In the 1992 parliamentary election, the Verdi increased their share of the vote to 2.8%, the number of their MPs to 16 and that of the Senators to four. Francesco Rutelli was then leader of the Greens in the House of Representatives. Former EU Environment Commissioner and Italian Environment Minister Carlo Ripa di Meana was Verdi's spokesman from 1993 to 1996. In April 1993, the FdV was first represented in the Italian government, even if only for a short time: Francesco Rutelli came a few days after he was sworn in as environment minister in Cabinet Ciampi back to against the maintenance of immunity under suspicion of corruption Bettino Craxi protest .

The local elections at the end of 1993 were a great success: In Rome, the Verdi won 10.6% of the vote and Francesco Rutelli was elected mayor of the capital thanks to an electoral alliance with left- wing democrats , Alleanza Democratica and radicals . In Venice (6.0%), Turin (4.2%) and Naples (3.9%), the Greens did quite well and each contributed to the election of left-wing mayors; a year and a half later they got 5.2% in Bologna . Also for the early parliamentary election in 1994 , the Verdi ran in a left alliance - called Alleanza dei Progressisti - with left-wing democrats and Rifondazione Comunista . Verdi's share of the vote stagnated at 2.7%, and the number of its MPs fell to 11 due to the new electoral law. Overall, the Alleanza dei Progressisti was defeated against Silvio Berlusconi's center-right alliance Polo delle Libertà .

L'Ulivo and L'Unione (1995-2008)

After Berlusconi's first government broke up, the Federazione dei Verdi was one of the parties that founded the center-left alliance L'Ulivo in early 1995 . In the 1996 parliamentary elections , the share of the vote fell to 2.5%; but since the Greens belonged to the victorious alliance, they received 14 seats each in both chambers of parliament. From 1996 to 1999 Luigi Manconi acted as spokesman for the FdV. In the center-left government Prodi I (1996-98), the FdV provided Edoardo Ronchi as the environment minister and state secretaries in three other ministries. Ronchi kept his ministerial office under the Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema (1998-2000). In the Amato II cabinet (2000–01), the Greens lost the Ministry of the Environment, but appointed Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry.

The most prominent official of the Verdi, Rome's mayor Rutelli, alienated himself from the party. He was re-elected in 1997, but generally as a candidate for the L'Ulivo alliance and not specifically for the Greens. In 1999 he was one of the founders of the liberal party I Democratici , which in 2002 was merged into Democrazia è Libertà - La Margherita . His circle of supporters, the so-called "Rutelli Boys" (including Paolo Gentiloni and Roberto Giachetti ) followed him on this path.

Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio

In the 2001 parliamentary elections , the Federazione dei Verdi joined the Socialisti Democratici Italiani (SDI) as the electoral alliance Il Girasole ("The Sunflower") and won 9 seats in the camera as part of the larger center-left alliance L'Ulivo . There they sat in opposition to Berlusconi's second government. From 2001 to 2008 Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio was chairman of the FdV. The alliance with the SDI broke up after a short time. For the 2004 European elections , the party ran again separately, received 2.5% of the votes and then had two European parliamentarians until 2009: Sepp Kusstatscher and Monica Frassoni .

In the 2006 parliamentary elections , the Greens, as part of the victorious left-wing coalition L'Unione, achieved 2.1% of the vote and won 15 of 630 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, as well as 5 of 315 senators. In the government under Romano Prodi , the Greens provide the environment minister in Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio.

In the 2008 parliamentary elections , the Federazione dei Verdi joined the left-wing parties Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (PRC), Sinistra Democratica (SD) and Partito dei Comunisti Italiani (PdCI) to the list La Sinistra - L'Arcobaleno ("Rainbow Left") together. After landslide-like losses, the party was no longer represented in either of the two chambers of parliament.

Extra-parliamentary opposition (since 2009)

On March 16, 2009, the Greens joined the new list connection Sinistra e Libertà for the European elections . However, this alliance was also unable to get a seat in the European Parliament. Angelo Bonelli was chairman of the Green Federation from 2009 to 2018.

In the 2013 parliamentary elections , the Federazione di Verdi took part in the Rivoluzione Civile (“Citizens' Revolution”) alliance put together by Antonio Ingroia , together with the PRC, PdCI and the Italia dei Valori (IdV), but the alliance was able to pass the national 4 percent hurdle do not exceed. The Greens of South Tyrol ( Verdi Grüne Vërc ), on the other hand, joined Pier Luigi Bersani's coalition Lista Bene Comune together with Sinistra Ecologia Libertà and, with Florian Kronbichler, were able to provide Italy's only Green MP. On March 23, 2013, the South Tyrolean Greens made the final break with the Federazione dei Verdi, which they had helped to establish in 1990. On January 26, 2015, Senator Bartolomeo Pepe , who was elected for Movimento 5 Stelle (“five-star movement”), joined the Greens, but left the party again in June of the same year.

For the 2018 parliamentary election , the FdV competed on the Italia Europa Insieme list together with PSI and the progressive group Area Civica as part of the larger center-left coalition led by Matteo Renzi's PD. Italia Europa Insieme won 0.6% of the vote, leaving the Greens outside parliament. For the European elections in 2019 FdV, South Tyrol Green, the party formed Possibile of Giuseppe Civati (a left split from the PD) and the group Green Italia to Annalisa Corrado list Europe Verde . The previous MEP Elly Schlein (elected to the PD in 2014) also stood for this. The list received 2.3% of the vote and thus missed the entry into the European Parliament.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ferdinand Müller-Rommel : Green parties in Western Europe. Development phases and conditions for success. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1993, p. 79.
  2. ^ A b Ferdinand Müller-Rommel: Green parties in Western Europe. Development phases and conditions for success. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1993, p. 80.
  3. ^ Ferdinand Müller-Rommel: Green parties in Western Europe. Development phases and conditions for success. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1993, p. 81.
  4. ↑ Reuters on March 16, 2009