Friedrich Beermann

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Friedrich "Fritz" Albert Hans Adolf Beermann (born October 9, 1912 in Moscow , Russian Empire ; † November 24, 1975 in Kiel ) was a German lawyer , officer ( brigadier general ), attaché and politician ( SPD ). As a defense policy advisor to the SPD, he coined the term “ citizen in uniform ”. From 1969 to 1975 he was a member of the German Bundestag .

Origin and law degree

Beermann was born in 1912 as the son of a German-Russian businessman and an Englishwoman in Moscow in the Russian Empire. During the First World War , he moved with his family to the German Reich and grew up in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg . He attended the humanistic Wilhelm Gymnasium in Hamburg, where he passed his Abitur , and in 1933/34 began studying law at the Albertus University in Königsberg in East Prussia, where he joined the Königsberg fraternity in Gothia .

From 1946 to 1948 he was an intern at Laeisz & Lüders in Hamburg and at Hans & Co. in Lübeck. In 1948 he continued his studies, which he finished in 1951 with the first state examination in law. This was followed by a legal clerkship at the Hamburg Higher Regional Court , and in 1953 at the Faculty of Law and Political Science, the doctorate to become Dr. jur. ( Fate of work and violation of the law as reflected in juvenile delinquency in the post-war years ) and in 1954 the great state law examination.

Afterwards he was an associate lawyer with a lawyer in Hamburg and settled himself.

Military career

Reichswehr

In 1934 Beermann became an officer candidate ( Fahnenjunker ) in the Reichswehr . In 1935 he attended the Dresden War School.

Wehrmacht

Promotions

This was followed by a visit to the Jüterbog artillery school . In 1936 he was promoted to lieutenant in Artillery Regiment 1 of the Wehrmacht . In 1936/37 he was a battery officer. In 1937/38 he graduated from the Hanover cavalry school . In 1938 he became an orderly officer in Artillery Regiment 23 in Potsdam, from 1938 to 1942 he was battery chief in Artillery Regiment 1. In 1942 he completed the departmental leader course in Mourmelon-Jüterbog.

Then he was Department Commander II in Artillery Regiment 1. In 1943/44 he was commander of the II / Artillery Regiment 1 in Jüterbog and Groß Born . In 1944 he took part in the regimental leader course at the higher artillery school in Meissen near Dresden. Most recently he was in command of the 340 artillery regiment that was re-established near Thorn ( military district XXI), as such he was taken prisoner of war in April 1945 .

armed forces

Promotions

In 1959 he joined the Bundeswehr as a colonel with the support of Federal Defense Minister Franz Josef Strauss (CSU). He previously completed the aptitude exercise with Brigadier General Ulrich de Maizière , at the time deputy commander of the 1st Panzer Grenadier Division . In 1959/60 he took part in general staff training at the Command and General Staff College (CGSG) of the US Army in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas ( USA ). This was followed by the briefing at the German Military Mission (DMV), under General Johannes Steinhoff , of the NATO Military Committee in Washington, DC From 1960 to 1963 he was G3 (Army) there. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, he was suspected of having been an informant for the news magazine Der Spiegel .

In 1963 he completed his training as an attaché in the command staff of the Bundeswehr (Fü B II 8) in Bonn. From 1963 to 1965 he was a military attaché at the German Embassy in New Delhi ( India ) under Ambassador Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz and therefore also responsible for Nepal . After his return he served as a colonel with the staff and commander of division troops in the 3rd Panzer Division in Buxtehude, led by Major General Hans-Georg von Tempelhoff . In 1966 he took part in the courses for higher commanders at the Combat Force School II in Munster, the command academy of the Bundeswehr in Hamburg and the logistics school of the Bundeswehr in Bremen. In 1967 he completed a language course Russian at the school of the Bundeswehr .

In 1968 he was appointed brigadier general and was thus the first general of the Bundeswehr from the SPD. In 1968/69 he was German Plenipotentiary North (later Territorial Command North) in Mönchengladbach. In 1969 he was for special use at the command academy of the Bundeswehr in Hamburg. He was then retired at his own request.

Political career

In 1947 Beermann joined the SPD . As a defense policy advisor to the SPD, Lieutenant Colonel a. D. used the term “ citizen in uniform ” as early as 1952 in the preparations for the establishment of the Bundeswehr . This was taken up by the " Amt Blank " and has also been used by Count von Baudissin since 1953 . By 1957, the preparations for the formation of the German armed forces had been completed, the Basic Law changed and the legal basis created. Beermann played a decisive role in this process.

During Erich Ollenhauer's tenure as SPD party and parliamentary group leader, he was at the instigation of MdB Helmut Schmidt from 1955 to 1959 as a security officer for the SPD parliamentary group in Bonn. He caused a scandal in 1958 when he spoke at a conference of officers and candidates of the Bundeswehr about the tradition of the Federal Navy and stated that he sympathized more with Max Reichpietsch and Albin Köbis , sailors executed as mutineers in the First World War, than with Dönitz and Raeder . The naval officers present then left the room. The Federal Ministry of Defense limited the scandal by declaring that the former Grand Admirals were no longer role models for the German Navy.

Even before his nomination as a candidate for the Bundestag, the state association of the SPD Schleswig-Holstein interfered in the election of the constituency and founded a commission "which will hold talks with the district councils about the candidate question for the 1969 Bundestag election". When instructed in this way, the district leaders recommended Beermann. In a series of events, supported by the district chairman, Beermann spoke on the topic: Germany's position in the world . At the constituency conference of the subdistricts of Lauenburg and Stormarn , he was finally elected constituency candidate for three other opposing candidates. In the subsequent federal election he was elected to the Bundestag. For the next legislative period in 1972 he was able to obtain the direct mandate of constituency 10 ( Stormarn - Duchy of Lauenburg ). As a member of the Bundestag, he was a full member of the Legal Affairs Committee and the Foreign Affairs Committee as well as a deputy member of the Budget Committee and the Defense Committee . After his death, Hans-Uwe Emeis moved into the Bundestag as a successor.

In 1973 he expressed himself critical of the President of Chile, Salvador Allende , which led to resistance in the SPD.

family

His estate is in the archive of social democracy (AdsD) of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Bonn.

Beermann was an Evangelical Lutheran denomination. His brother Eberhard was an SPD member of parliament in Hamburg .

Fonts (selection)

  • with Heinz Karst , Franz Grosse (ed.): Leadership, personnel selection, technology in the economy and the army (= Lebendige Wirtschaft . Vol. 4). Leske, Darmstadt 1954.
  • (Transl.): The Red Army . Zsgst. by Basil Liddell Hart , Verlag WEU / Offene Words, Bonn 1956.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b John Zimmermann : Ulrich de Maizière, General of the Bonn Republic. 1912 to 2006 (= Security Policy and Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 12). Oldenbourg, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-71300-8 , p. 187 f.
  2. ↑ Lars Ole Bodenstein: The role of Karl Dönitz in World War II. The critical historical analysis of a myth. In: Historical Messages 15 . 2002, p. 17 .
personal data
SURNAME Beermann, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beermann, Friedrich Albert Hans Adolf (full name); Beermann, Fritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, general and politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1912
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1975
Place of death Kiel