Sacred Heart Church (Erlangen)

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Exterior view of the Sacred Heart Church from the southwest (Katholischer Kirchenplatz)
inner space

The Herz-Jesu-Kirche ( listen ? / I ) is the oldest post-Reformation Catholic church in Erlangen . It emerged from a prayer house from 1790 in two construction phases, 1849/50 and 1895. In 1963/66 and 2008, major changes were made to the interior and furnishings during renovation work. Since 2006, the parish, together with St. Bonifaz and St. Sebald, has been part of the Erlanger Mitte Parish Association in the Erlangen deanery of the Archdiocese of Bamberg . Audio file / audio sample

location

The Herz-Jesu-Kirche is located on the Catholic Church Square on the north-eastern edge of Erlangen's old town, which forms an extensive, park-like forecourt to the west. Immediately to the east of the church is Maximiliansplatz, around which numerous facilities of the Friedrich Alexander University and the University Clinic as well as the palace garden are grouped.

history

Prayer house from 1788

In the 16th century Erlangen belonged to the Principality of Bayreuth and became Lutheran along with it . Catholic worship was only gradually permitted again in the 18th century after a small Catholic community had slowly emerged through immigration. This was looked after by the pastor of Büchenbach and Hannberg. It was not until 1784 that Margrave Karl Alexander von Bayreuth allowed Catholics to practice their religion privately. The first holy mass could be celebrated on April 11, 1784 in the old town hall . On May 6, 1784, the community was raised to the status of a curate and received approval to build a house of prayer , i.e. a towerless church in the form of a residential building, outside the city of that time. The foundation stone was laid on March 20, 1787; the consecration in the name of the pain of Mary could be carried out in 1790. It was a nine-axis house that differed from the town houses only in the elaborate portal structure and the gable with the inscription "Soli Deo Gloria" (Alone God be Glory). The plans from 1786 also show the interior as a simple hall space , on the east side of which there was an altar with semi-columns in front.

On February 24, 1813, now under the royal Bavarian government, the religious exertitium in Erlangen was elevated to a parish and the public exercise of parish rights and functions was permitted. At that time, about three percent of the population was Catholic. The influx continued and increased as a result of industrialization . In 1910, Catholics made up about a third of the population. This year, for the first time, a Corpus Christi procession was permitted outside the church building. Due to the rapid growth of the congregation, chaplains were established in 1854, 1887 and 1906 . The parish at that time comprised the city of Erlangen with Alterlangen and Sieglitzhof , Atzelsberg with Rathsberg , Bubenreuth , Buckenhof , Kleinseebach with Baiersdorfermühle , Möhrendorf with Oberndorf and Spardorf .

In 1849/50 a church was built on the foundation walls of the prayer house, an east- facing hall building with a slender bell tower with a polygonal upper floor and a cone point in the west. Windows and wall divisions have the style of Munich neo-Romanesque, the so-called round arch style at the transition from classicism to neo-Romanesque . The plans should have been made by the civil building inspector Andreas Schulz (e) from Ansbach. However, they were revised by the Munich Architecture Committee under the direction of Leo von Klenze and by the government building authorities in Ansbach and Nuremberg. Eduard Bürklein, who was responsible for the high altar, was involved in the design of the furnishings.

The further growth of the community was taken into account in 1895/96 with a reinterpretation of the previous building as a transept and a spacious extension across it. This new nave with a representative portal in the south was stylistically adapted to the existing church, so it also has neo-Romanesque forms. The old building became a transept, a new apse for the sanctuary was built on the north side, and a front facade on the south side - facing the street. This resulted in the cruciform floor plan that has been preserved to this day. The plans for this came from Friedrich Wilhelm Scharff, who was Erlangen university architect for many years without studying - not to be confused with Friedrich Scharff, who was Lord Mayor of Erlangen from 1878 to 1880. At the new consecration, the church received the patronage Herz Jesu . As the first of numerous subsidiary communities, St. Peter and Paul in Bruck was parish off in 1908 . St. Bonifaz followed in 1940, St. Josef in Bubenreuth and St. Heinrich in Alterlangen in 1964 and St. Theresia in Sieglitzhof in 1979 .

Baptismal font (1830)

The far-reaching structural changes and population shifts of the 20th century had a scale on the church structure of the Sacred Heart and were also reflected in changes in the interior of the church. Although the exterior was preserved in its condition from 1896, the interior was completely redesigned between 1963 and 1966, with only a few pieces of equipment - including the font donated by JC Knab in 1830 and some glass paintings - remaining.

Another redesign in 2008, carried out by the Erlangen architects Rößner and Waldmann, resulted in a bright, but almost unadorned room in which the central locations of the liturgy come into their own and enter into a dialogue with the temporary exhibits.

architecture

Western front
South portal

Exterior construction

The Herz-Jesu-Kirche in its current state, which essentially goes back to the neo-Romanesque reconstruction of 1895, is a cross-shaped central building , the main axis of which is aligned with the north-south line. The original building, a single-nave hall church facing east, now serves as a transept . Both naves have gable roofs that meet at the crossing . Due to the historical development, Herz Jesu has two choir rooms today : the rectangular choir of the original church building at the eastern end of the transept and the semicircular apse built in 1895 north of the crossing. The exterior of the sandstone church is structured by tall rectangular window openings that end with round arches, flat pilasters and a round arch frieze that runs along the eaves around the entire building.

The west tower of the original church was retained during the renovation in 1895. As a result, the parish church Herz Jesu has a tower that is rather too small for its dimensions, which is attached to the western end of the transept. The tower is built on a square floor plan and, just above the ridge height, merges into a superstructure with bevelled edges by means of a cantilevered cornice . It is crowned by a pointed helmet . The tower is structured by pilaster strips and frieze strips below the cornice and the helmet. On the ground floor there is a portal , which with its profiled walls is reminiscent of portals of Romanesque church buildings. Above that there is a small round window and a high rectangular arched window.

On the south side, i.e. towards the street, is the more elaborately designed main portal. It is flanked by two round columns on low plinths, which carry an elaborately profiled cornice cranked on the sides. Above this is a round arch with a profiled bevel. The tympanum enclosed by this is decorated with tracery . The portal is crowned by arcades rising towards the center, the course of which is based on a small triangular gable above it. This also highlights the portal structurally. Above that there is a rose window and a cross on the roof ridge.

inner space

If you enter the interior of the church through the main portal, you first come to a spacious “ vestibule ” separated by a glass wall (comprising two window axes) through which three double-wing doors lead into the central nave. This vestibule was created in the recent redesign. The church pews in the room, which appears bright and friendly thanks to seven window axes, is divided into two blocks on either side of a central aisle. The historic font from 1830 was placed in the rear area in 2008.

There are further rows of benches in the two arms of the transept. In the rear area of ​​the western arm, the organ gallery has moved in. The slightly raised area of ​​the east choir of the previous church was separated by a wooden parapet during the most recent redesign ; here, for example, weekday services can be celebrated. The tabernacle is located in the old presbytery, which is separated by a round choir arch . Since there are no windows on the north side of the transept, it is much darker here than in the central nave.

In the area of ​​the crossing is the altar island with a people's altar and ambo , which is surrounded on three sides by rows of banks and thus not only represents the center of the church in a figurative sense. The north apse is also separated from the nave by a round choir arch . A large cast-iron cross hangs on the arch . The area behind it, i.e. the former main choir, is practically no longer used today. On both sides of the choir arch there are altar figures by the artist Paul Plontke from 1951, including the Good Shepherd .

art

Group exhibition waste and void (2019) v. l. No. Sebastian Wanke "PRAY", Jörg Brinkmann "Simulation", Sebastian Hertrich "Glamor and misery Weltenburg"

One of the main uses of the house of God has been the exhibition of contemporary art since the last renovation . In changing exhibitions, artistic positions are shown in the forms of expression of the visual arts, which deal with questions of contemporary history in the area of ​​tension between religious and profane life.

Group exhibition waste and void (2019) "Rest in Peace" by Andrian Mechernich (iPhone grave slab made of wood)

organ

The organ of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche was built in 1973 by EF Walcker & Cie. created. It comprises 29 registers on two manuals and a pedal . The pipe inventory from the previous organ from the 19th century was reused and supplemented with new registers. The organ is built to save space on the edge of the narrow organ loft, which can accommodate a choir. In terms of sound, the instrument corresponds to the ideal of organ movement , which today is a unique selling point in Erlangen and the surrounding area. An organ building association has existed since the end of 2014 with the purpose of replacing the instrument from the 1970s, which, in addition to being susceptible to maintenance, no longer corresponds to today's sound ideas, with a new building.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
01. Quintad 16 ′
02. Principal 08th'
03. Dumped 08th'
04th Octave 04 ′
05. Reed flute 04 ′
06th Octave 02 ′
07th Fifth 02 23
08th. third 01 35
09. Mixture IV
10. Trumpet 08th'
II breastwork C – g 3
11. Gemshorn 08th'
12. Salizional 08th'
13. High flute 04 ′
14th Forest flute 02 ′
15th Sesqu. 02 23
16. Scharff IV
17th oboe 08th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
18th Principal bass 16 ′
19th Sub bass 16 ′
20th Dumped 08th'
21st Violon 08th'
22nd Octave 04 ′
23. Mixture IV
24. trombone 16 ′

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Catholic parish St. Sebald, Erlangen: Parish association . Online at www.st-sebald-erlangen.de ( Memento of the original dated February 24, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on March 10, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.st-sebald-erlangen.de
  2. ^ Robert Leyh: Catholic parish church of St. Boniface in Erlangen. Church leaders, Erlangen 1998.
  3. a b c d Christian Hecht: Herz Jesu. In: Erlanger Stadtlexikon.
  4. a b c Josef Urban: Herz Jesu, kath. Local community. In: Erlanger Stadtlexikon.
  5. Erlanger Nachrichten: 1000 Years of Erlangen . Online at www.fen-net.de ; accessed on March 10, 2018.
  6. Erlanger Tourism and Marketing Association e. V .: Herz-Jesu-Kirche . Online at www.erlangen-marketing.de ; accessed on March 10, 2018.
  7. Architects Rößner + Waldmann: Pictures of the interior after the redesign in 2008 ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.architekten-roessner-waldmann.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.architekten-roessner-waldmann.de ( Memento of the original from April 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on March 10, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.architekten-roessner-waldmann.de
  8. Kath. Pfarrei Herz Jesu, Erlangen: Kunst und Kirche ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.herzjesu-erlangen.de archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.herzjesu-erlangen.de; accessed on February 24, 2018.
  9. ^ Walter Opp: Organs. In: Erlanger Stadtlexikon.
  10. Catholic parish office Herz Jesu: Organ building association . Online at www.herzjesu-erlangen.de; accessed on March 10, 2018.
  11. Disposition

Web links

Commons : Stadtpfarrkirche Herz-Jesu (Erlangen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 4.5 ″  N , 11 ° 0 ′ 32.5 ″  E