Joachim Klos

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Joachim Edgar Klos (born November 16, 1931 in Weida ; † March 15, 2007 in Nettetal ) was a German glass artist and graphic artist . Together with Georg Meistermann , Ludwig Schaffrath , Johannes Schreiter , Wilhelm Buschulte , Hubert Spierling and Jochem Poensgen , he is counted among the most important representatives of modern German glass painting. His works can be found in over 180 sacred, secular and private buildings, most of them on the Lower Rhine and in the Münsterland .

Life

Bees : stained glass windows of St. Cosmas and Damian
Bees : stained glass windows of St. Cosmas and Damian
Bees : stained glass windows of St. Cosmas and Damian

Childhood and studies

Klos was born on November 16, 1931 in Weida , Thuringia . After graduating from school and abandoning an apprenticeship as a painter, in 1947 he began an artistic training course at what was then the State Industrial School in Sonneberg , which was a prerequisite for admission to an art academy. From 1949 to 1951, Klos studied at the State University of Architecture and Fine Arts in Weimar under Professor Martin Domke, a Bauhaus student . It was here that Klos came into contact with the material glass for the first time and worked, among other things, on Domkes competition designs for glass windows in Cologne Cathedral . Due to his artistic orientation and his commitment to a work of art criticized as formalistic , he came into conflict with the system. Despite having passed intermediate exams, he was "informed that his artistic conception did not correspond to the goals of the GDR [...]".

In 1951 he finally fled to the Lower Rhine via West Berlin . Krefeld was both a center of the Bauhaus in West Germany and, since Johan Thorn Prikker, of modern glass painting. Here, where his teacher Domke had already worked during the war , Klos began studying at the Werkkunstschule, now the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, with Gustav Fünders in 1952. He graduated in 1957 as a designer in the glass painting and mosaic department. In Professor Fünders' class, he also met his future wife Carola Stammen, whom he married in 1955. During his studies he already took part in exhibitions in Krefeld and Mönchengladbach , as well as his first orders for glass windows.

Breakthrough and teaching

Klos achieved his final breakthrough as a glass painter with his designs for St. Mary's Assumption in Mönchengladbach (today the City Church). In 1959 he won the competition for the best glass picture of the year for one of the windows, alongside the already established glass painter and professor at the Düsseldorf art academy Georg Meistermann . As a result of the church building boom in the 1960s, Klos received numerous orders for church designs, some of them through competitions. The family had lived in Mönchengladbach since the wedding of the Klos couple. In 1967 he moved to a studio house in Nettetal-Schaag , built by his friend, architect Werner Jorissen , which was to remain his home and workplace until Klo died in 2007.

From 1974 to 1983 he worked as an art teacher at the Werner-Jaeger-Gymnasium Nettetal . In the course of his work, Klos participated in many exhibitions, including international ones, including in 1978 at the Royal Exchange in London . From 1981 he was a visiting lecturer at the West Glamorgan Institute of Higher Education , College of Art and Design in Swansea , where the exhibition "Glass Masters - Contemporary Stained Glass from West-Germany" had already taken place a year before with his participation. Also in 1981 works by Klos were exhibited in Sydney , Canberra , Melbourne and Adelaide . In 1985 he took part in the exhibition "Le vitrail contemporain en Allemagne" in Chartres . In the same year a workshop followed at the Pilchuck Glass School in Stanwood, Washington and in 1989 workshops in Melbourne, Sydney, Christchurch , Hanmer Springs and Auckland . The first comprehensive solo exhibition took place in 2002 in the German Glass Painting Museum in Linnich and in the Kalkar Municipal Museum .

Due to severe illness, the artist's high productivity continued to decline in the 1990s and 2000s. The last windows were made in 2006. Joachim Klos died on March 15, 2007 in Nettetal. He is buried in the Nettetal-Schaag cemetery.

plant

The 50s and 60s: "ramifications" and abstract expressionism

The work of Joachim Klos can be divided very well into different phases, which are very different from each other. Early student works are strongly influenced by Expressionism , a development that also continues in his stained glass work. Klos stands both within the expressionist tradition that has been the paradigm of this art form since Johan Thorn Prikker, but at the same time opposes it. His glass windows have a strong color scheme, but almost completely dispense with the figurative representations that were very dominant at this time . Klos himself described this as: "Too much burdened by historicism ."

Instead, in the designs for St. Mary's Assumption, he developed an independent, abstract design language that ran through his work in easily recognizable patterns until the end of the 1960s. In some designs, in spite of the overwhelming renunciation, expressionist figures appear, these are too revolutionary for the time and do not find their way into the churches. The patterns described by Klos as “ramifications”, memories of native Thuringia, of the bright colors of the trees that change with the seasons, establish themselves as a result and form part of a trend towards “Abstract Expressionism” in German glass painting, the In the mid-60s it was reinforced by the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council .

During this time, too, the mastery of concrete glass fell as a creative means, for which Klos and Jochem Poensgen were one of the main people responsible. Even if they are not numerous, works such as the demolished chapel of the old people's home on Bettrather Strasse in Mönchengladbach or the threatened three-dimensional glass walls in Düsseldorf-Urdenbach are extremely important.

The late 60s and 70s: geometry and kinetics in glass

Vatican II was also a turning point for toilets. At the end of the 1960s he developed a new geometric language, his work is now interspersed in the background with strict grid-shaped patterns. These visual poles of calm enable a reduced, but at the same time much more playful foreground that is coordinated with the architecture. Luminous colors retreat to a few prominent places. In St. Nikolaus in Geldern-Walbeck , the baroque organ prospect in the empty church interior of Klos in 1968 inspired the use of symmetrical, architectural pseudo-elements by enlarging, mirroring and partially overlapping as design elements. This collage-like composition of the glass window elements will be one of Joachim Klos' main working techniques until his death.

At the same time, he brings one of the most avant-garde art movements, optical, passive kinetics or Op-Art, to glass painting. Inspired by the works of artists such as Bridget Riley , Jesus Rafael Soto or Heinz Mack and the ZERO group , glass walls are created like in St. Martin in Geldern-Veert, an octagonal building that is characterized on all sides by kinetic lines. As a result, Klos developed the possibility of applying such patterns to glass using a screen printing process . In addition, profane elements such as tree grates, kitchen towels or cobwebs find their way into the glass design work. The parallel U-shapes such as those in St. Heinrich in Reken are also characteristic of the 1970s .

The 80s and the late work: the profane and the liberation of color

Many of the trends from the factory in the 1970s continued into the 1980s. Square grids continue to form the background, the profane can still be found in the form of coffee stains and increasingly text. The windows in the Holy Spirit Church in Essen-Katernberg designed by Gottfried Böhm , St. Arnold Jansen in Goch and the new conception of St. Antonius in Kevelaer that followed the almost complete destruction are among the most important designs of this time .

The predominant design patterns in glass of the late work are in some cases preceded by years of developments in the artist's graphic work. As, for example, in the provost church in Dortmund , in the designs for the Ulm Minster or in the Pauluskirche in Essen-Heisingen , color, especially the primary colors, is once again a more decisive element of the Klos window design. Technically, sandblasting and etching processes now dominate on flashed glass , which enable the color to be “largely freed from the lead line”. This third major phase of work runs, with interruptions and recollections, through the 1990s until the artist's death.

Catalog raisonné glass

Churches and sacred buildings

year place Church / sacred building Executing workshop Remarks
1954 Krefeld-Gellep stratum St. Andrew Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld
1955 Kleve St. Antonius Hospital Josef Menke, Goch
1955 Kleve cattle Wasserburg, education center diocese of Münster
1956 Gelsenkirchen-Resser Mark Ev. Johanneskirche tore off
1958-1998 Mönchengladbach St. Mariä Himmelfahrt (City Church) Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld / Hein Derix, Kevelaer Glass picture from 1959
1960 Mönchengladbach St. Vitus Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld
1960 Kleve-Donsbrüggen St. Lambertus Josef Menke, Goch
1960 Kalkar-Niedermörmter St. Barnabas Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1960-1967 Mönchengladbach-Rheindahlen St. Helena Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld
1960 Velbert-Langenberg Ev. Windrath Chapel Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1961-1980 Xanten-Obermörmter St. Peter Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1962 Bonn-Bad Godesberg-Pennenfeld Ev. Johanneskirche Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1961-1972 Duisburg-Walsum-Aldenrade St. Ludgerus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1961-2000 Dinslaken-Hiesfeld Holy Spirit Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1962 Emmerich St. Aldegundis Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1963 Wassenberg Ev. Kreuzkirche Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1963 Augustdorf Ev. Military church Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld
1963 Duisburg-Rheinhausen St. Barbara Josef Menke, Goch profaned, under monument protection
1963-1966 Bottrop-Kirchhellen St. John the Baptist Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1964 Cranendonck-Budel (NL) former ev. military church Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1964 Wesel-Feldmark Ev. Friedenskirche Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1964 Düsseldorf-Urdenbach Ev. Holy Spirit Church Hein Derix, Kevelaer Demolition planned
1964 Bedburg-Hau Cemetery chapel near St. Markus
1965 Wesel corridors Ev. Christ Church
1965-1968 Bedburg-Hau St. Mark Josef Menke, Goch
1965 Mönchengladbach Prayer hall of the Jewish community
1965 Dinslaken Holy blood Hein Derix, Kevelaer demolished, windows saved
1965 Emmerich St. Martini Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1966 Duisburg-Buchholz St. Nicholas profane
1966 Kleve trowels Ev. Church of the Resurrection Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1966-1969 Goch-Asperden St. Vincentius Josef Menke, Goch / Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1966-1975 Bottrop-Fuhlenbrock St. Teresa retirement home Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth 1 window lost
1967-1994 Duisburg-Rheinhausen-Hochemmerich St. Peter Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1967-1998 Weeze St. Cyriac Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth / Hein Derix, Kevelaer /

Wilhelm Derix Taunusstein / Rottweil

1967 Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen Ev. church Oidtmann, Linnich
1967 Goch-Asperden Wilhelm Anton Hospital Josef Menke, Goch
1967 Krefeld-Uerdingen St. Peter Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld?
1967 Marl-Drewer St. Joseph Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1967 Solingen-Graefrath-Ketzberg Ev. church Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1968 Lingen-Reuschberge St. Michael Franz Knack, Munster profane
1968 Funds St. Adelheid Oidtmann, Linnich / Hein Derix, Kevelaer rebuilt, 5/10 windows preserved
1968? Bottrop-Fuhlenbrock Caritas Children's Village
1968-1990 Kalkar-Kehrum St. Hubertus Hein Derix, Kevelaer / Josef Menke, Goch
1968 Mönchengladbach-Hardt St. Josefshaus Hensch-Wessels, Kleve
1968 Geldern-Walbeck St. Nicholas Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969-1983 Emmerich-Speelberg Dear women Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969-1977 Geldern-Veert St. Martin Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969-1975 Bocholt Dear women Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969-1988 Emmerich-Hochelten St. Vitus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969 Straelen Marienhospital demolished, windows saved
1970 Bottrop-Kirchhellen-Grafenwald Holy Family Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1970-1984 Hörstel St. Anthony Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1971-1983 Goch St. Mary Magdalene Hensch-Wessels, Kleve / Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1971 Geldern-Walbeck Luzia Chapel Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1971-1999 Marl-Alt-Marl St. George Otto Peters, Paderborn Divided into "Old Church" and "New Church", the latter torn down, windows partially preserved
1972 Duisburg-Ungelsheim St. Stephen Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1972 Uedem Catholic parish library Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth Improperly removed in 2015
1972 Duisburg-Rheinhausen-Asterlagen St. Ludger Hein Derix, Kevelaer profaned, demolition planned
1973 Emsdetten-Hollingen Holy Spirit Church Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth?
1973-1976 Muenster St. Thomas More Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1974 Emmerich-Vrasselt St. Antonius Abbas
1974 Mönchengladbach-Hardt St. Nicholas Hensch-Wessels, Kleve
1974 Muenster Liudger House, former seminary Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1975 Kleve-Griethausen St. Martin Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1975 Saarbrücken former ev. community center Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1975-1984 Plettenberg St. Laurence Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1976 Munster-Handorf St. Petronilla Glasmanufaktur Schneider, Glinde
1976 Alps St. Marienstift Hein Derix, Kevelaer?
1976-1979 Ibbenbueren St. Mauritius Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1977 Moers-Rheinkamp-Eick St. Ida
1977 Moers St. Josef Hospital
1977 Reken-Groß Reken St. Heinrich Karl Hensch, Goch
1978 Duisburg-Meiderich-Hagenshof Christ - Our Peace Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1978 Emmerich-Elten St. Martinus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1978 Hamburg-Lurup St. Jacobus Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1978 Bocholt-Stenern St. Martin Hein Derix, Kevelaer profaned, converted into a kindergarten, one window remaining, the rest preserved
1979 Munster-Nienberge St. Sebastian Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1979 Rheinberg-Orsoy former Marienhospital Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth Object sold in 2015
1980 Goch-Hülm St. Mary's Sacrifice Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1980 Muenster Senior Center Maria Trost Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1982 Voerde-Friedrichsfeld St. Elisabeth Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1981-1998 Goch St. Arnold Janssen Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth / Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1981 Kevelaer-Winnekendonk Katharinen-Haus retirement home Hein Derix, Kevelaer?
1981 Meerbusch-Ossum-Bösinghoven St. Pancras Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1982 Kevelaer former Provincialate of the Sisters of Divine Providence (meditation room) Hein Derix, Kevelaer Disbanded in 2005, now St. Elisabeth-Stift, six windows in other places preserved
1982 Kevelaer former Provincialate of the Sisters of Divine Providence (hall) Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1982 The Hague (NL) House Rafael, Chapel of the German Catholic. local community Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1982-1991 Munster-Gelmer St. Joseph Knack stained glass, Münster
1983 Wesel-Fusternberg To the holy angels Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1983 Mönchengladbach-Rheydt St. Mary Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1983 Rees-Haldern St. Marien home for the elderly Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1984-1990 Rees bees St. Cosmas and Damian Hein Derix, Kevelaer / Derix Glasstudios, Taunusstein
1984 Xanten-Marienbaum St. Mary of the Assumption Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1984 Goch Dear women Karl Hensch, Goch? profane
1985 Billerbeck St. John the Baptist Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1985 Essen-Katernberg Holy Spirit Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1985 Recklinghausen-Röllinghausen Heart of jesus Knack stained glass, Münster
1986-1994 Kevelaer St. Anthony Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1986 Goch-Hommersum St. Peter Karl Hensch, Goch
1987-2003 Dortmund Provost church of St. Johannes Baptist Otto Peters, Paderborn
1987 Goch Old people's home "Brotherhood of Our Lady" Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1989 Dortmund Christinenstift retirement home Otto Peters, Paderborn
1990 Rheine-Eschendorf St. Mary of the Assumption Derix Glasstudios, Taunusstein / Rottweil also wall design
1991 Düsseldorf-Lohausen Ev. Jonah Church Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1992 Metelen St. Cornelius and Cyprianus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1993 Marl-Drewer St. Michael Knack stained glass, Münster
1994-2001 Castrop-Rauxel Heart of jesus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1994 Coswig Holy cross Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1994-1997 Rosendahl-Osterwick Retirement home, foundation dedicated to the saints St. Fabian and St. Sebastian Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1994 Zülpich Elderly Center St. Elisabeth Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1994 Niederkassel-Ranzel St. Aegidius Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1995 Voerde St. Paul Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1996 Kempen Ev. Gustav Adolf Church Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1996 Horstmar St. Gertrudishaus retirement home Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1996 Voerde Nikolaus-Groß-Haus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1996 Dülmen-Hausdülmen St. Mauritius Otto Peters, Paderborn
1996 Isselburg St. Elisabeth retirement home Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1996-2000 Essen-Heisingen Ev. Pauluskirche Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1997 Herne-Pantringshof St. Pius Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1997 Erkrath-Hochdahl Paul Schneider House Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1999 Rheinberg-Budberg Ev. church Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1999 Issum-Sevelen Ev. Parish of Hoerstgen Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2001 Wesel St. Nikolaus-Stift retirement home Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2003 Wesel Martini pen Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2004 Voerde-Friedrichsfeld St. Christophorus retirement home Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2005 Dinslaken-Hiesfeld-Oberlohberg Heart of jesus Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2006 Moers-Meerbeck St. Barbara

Secular buildings

year place construction Executing workshop Remarks
1957 Krefeld Albert Schweitzer School Max Icks & Sons, Krefeld
1958 Krefeld Savings bank not available anymore
1966 Mönchengladbach Urban retirement home, chapel Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth Demolished in 2004
around 1966 Mönchengladbach former Herrentann house Joachim Klos and Eugen Rommen
1968 Mönchengladbach Dorint Hotel Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1968 trier Hotel Porta Nigra
1969 Mönchengladbach Savings bank Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1969 Mönchengladbach-Windberg Savings bank Hein Derix, Kevelaer Glass sculpture, no longer available
1972 Uedem municipal cemetery chapel / celebration hall Karl Hensch, Kleve
1973 Nettetal lobby Community elementary school
1974 Kevelaer Volksbank Hein Derix, Kevelaer Removed in 1992 during renovation
1974 Straelen Vocational college of the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1975 Mönchengladbach-Hardt urban kindergarten Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1975 Mönchengladbach-Venn Volksbank removed during renovation, set up on private property
1978 Mönchengladbach-Rheydt Savings bank Hein Derix, Kevelaer?
1980 Mönchengladbach-Wickrath municipal cemetery chapel Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1981 Kevelaer Commercial building Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1982 Coychurch, Bridgend (Wales / UK) crematorium
1983 Munster-Hiltrup German Police University Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1983 Mülheim an der Ruhr special school Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth expanded, but still there
1985 Mönchengladbach-Hardt urban death hall Wilhelm Derix, Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth
1986 Neuss Heart of Jesus nursing home Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1986 Taunusstein-Bleidenstadt Volksbank Wilhelm Derix Glasstudios, Taunusstein
1987 Schwäbisch Gmünd Kreissparkasse Wilhelm Derix Glasstudios, Taunusstein
1992 Osnabrück Telecommunications office
1994 Kleve Commercial building Hein Derix, Kevelaer
1994 Wachtendonk Administrative building Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2002 Funds House Freudenberg Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2003 Kranenburg House Freudenberg Hein Derix, Kevelaer
2005 Olfen municipal senior center St. Vitus pen Hein Derix, Kevelaer

literature

  • Hans Joachim Albrecht, Dirk Tölke u. a .: Glass painter and light designer after 1945, Krefeld and the Lower Rhine . Krefeld, 2010. ISBN 978-3-9811973-1-0 .
  • Johannes Bours, Franz Kamphaus: Pictures of the calling . Freiburg, 1979; ISBN 3-451-18744-2 .
  • Elisabeth Derix (Ed.), Dagmar Täube: Art times , glass painting and mosaic . Mönchengladbach, 2016; ISBN 978-3-87448-462-6
  • Waltraud Hagemann, Joachim Klos: Structure and Parable 1, The graphic artist and glass designer Joachim Klos. Nettetal / Mönchengladbach, 1993. (Five folders, self-published)
  • Ulrike Hoffmann-Goswin: Sacred glass painting of the 1960s to 1980s in Germany: picture themes, design and function . Dissertation University of Karlsruhe (2018). Regensburg, 2019. ISBN 978-3-7954-3379-6 .
  • Iris Nestler (Ed.): Joachim Klos. The way to kinetics in glass . Hürtgenwald, 2002; ISBN 978-3980604536 .
  • Iris Nestler (Ed.): Masterpieces of 20th Century Glass Painting in the Rhineland, Volume 1 . Mönchengladbach, 2015. ISBN 978-3-87448-393-3 .
  • Iris Nestler (Ed.): Masterworks of 20th Century Glass Painting in the Rhineland, Volume 2 . Mönchengladbach, 2017; ISBN 978-3-87448-480-0 .
  • Eva-Maria Willemsen, Waltraud Hagemann: Joachim Klos (1931-2007), graphic artist and glass designer . Mönchengladbach, 2017; ISBN 978-3-87448-485-5 .

Web links

Commons : Joachim Klos  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eva-Maria Willemsen, Waltraud Hagemann: Joachim Klos (1931-2007), graphic artist and glass designer . Mönchengladbach 2017, ISBN 978-3-87448-485-5 , p. 13 .
  2. ^ Waltraud Hagemann, Joachim Klos: Structure and parable 1. The graphic artist and glass designer Joachim Klos. Folder 3. Self-published, Nettetal / Mönchengladbach 1993.
  3. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 35 f .
  4. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 54 .
  5. ^ Richard E. Tristram: The best glass picture 1958-1959 . In: Rheinische Post (Mönchengladbach) . No. 258 , November 6, 1959.
  6. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 155 f. and 169 f .
  7. Joachim Klos - The way to kinetics in glass. In: German Glass Painting Museum Linnich. Retrieved July 27, 2019 .
  8. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 68 f .
  9. Susanne Lang: “Branching” as an art style. In: German Glass Painting Museum Linnich. February 2017, accessed November 9, 2019 .
  10. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 93-99 .
  11. Iris Nestler: St. Nikolaus in Walbeck - a highlight in the artistic work of Joachim Klos . In: Iris Nestler (Ed.): Joachim Klos. The way to kinetics in glass . Hürtgenwald 2002, ISBN 978-3-9806045-3-6 , p. 30 .
  12. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 126 f .
  13. Iris Nestler: The way to kinetics in glass . In: Nestler (ed.): Joachim Klos. The way to kinetics in glass . S. 4-6 .
  14. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 153-155 .
  15. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 149-152 .
  16. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 171 f .
  17. ^ Suyin Scheid-Hennig: Joachim Klos, graphic artist . In: Nestler (ed.): Joachim Klos. The way to kinetics in glass . S. 13 .
  18. ^ Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos . S. 223 .
  19. All information, unless otherwise stated, from: Willemsen, Hagemann: Joachim Klos.
  20. Birgit Wanninger: Urdenbach: The days of the Church of the Holy Spirit are numbered. In: Rheinische Post. January 23, 2018, accessed July 27, 2019 .
  21. Daniel Cnotka: Rheinhausen: Former St. Ludger church gives way to senior citizens' home. In: NRZ. December 28, 2018, accessed August 17, 2019 .