Cotta (Dohma)
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Cotta
Dohma municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 15 ″ N , 13 ° 58 ′ 15 ″ E
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| Height : | 280–391 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 768 (May 9, 2011) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1998 |
| Postal code : | 01796 |
| Area code : | 035032 |
Cotta is a district of the municipality of Dohma in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains , Saxony . It lies at the foot of the Cottaer Spitzberg and is divided into Großcotta (also: Cotta A ) and Kleincotta (also: Cotta B ). Cotta is the namesake of the Cotta sandstone , one of the Elbe sandstone types mined there .
geography
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Cotta is situated on the western edge of Saxon Switzerland , which belongs to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains . Immediately to the south of the village rises the Cottaer Spitzberg , a 390.8 meter high, basalt existing hardling , which has been protected as a natural monument since 1979 because of its geological and botanical features . The tip of this widely visible landmark is more than 70 meters above the town. Cotta, in turn, is located on the Cotta flatness , a plateau between the valleys of the bier in the west and the Gottleuba in the east.
Cotta is located about three kilometers southeast of the district of Dohma, which gives the municipality its name, not to be confused with the nearby town of Dohna . To the north are the Dohma district of Goes and the Pirna districts of Neundorf and Rottwerndorf . Other neighboring places are Ottendorf in the municipality of Bahretal in the west and Berggießhübel and Langenhennersdorf in the city of Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel in the south and east. The district Cotta is divided into the districts Großcotta and Kleincotta.
The properties in Großcotta usually have the address Cotta A, which is still provided with a house number, while those in Kleincotta correspond to Cotta B. The district Großcotta is more than 800 hectares and includes the western part of Cotta. It borders on the Dürrhof district in the north . The Großcottaer Flur stretches from the Lohmgrund and the Gottleubatal between Neundorf and Rottwerndorf in the north to almost the village of Berggießhübel in the south. The southern part of the corridor is wooded; there are among other things the Cottaer Busch and the Zehistaer walls. The western border of the Großcotta district is also the municipal border with Bahretal . The field boundary to Kleincotta runs roughly in a north-south direction over the Cottaer Spitzberg.
The location Kleincotta is east of Großcotta and northeast of the Spitzberg, just above the Gottleubatals. The course of the southern, eastern and northern borders of the Kleincottaer Flur is identical to the Dohma municipal border; in the east the district extends to the Gottleuba, in the south to the 315 meter high small bastion just north of the Zwiesel location belonging to Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel .
With the exception of the forest areas in the south and the steep slopes around the Spitzberg and on the valley slopes, the fields around the two localities Groß- and Kleincotta are used for agriculture. Through the construction of small settlements and agricultural facilities, Großcotta in particular has expanded beyond its old village center to the west.
The most important road that crosses the district leads as district road 8732 from Nentmannsdorf past the Bahretal motorway junction on the A 17 via Friedrichswalde and Ottendorf through Groß- and Kleincotta and on via Neundorf to Krietzschwitz to federal road 172 . At the western end of Großcotta this connection crosses with the Hohe Straße, which leads from Zehista to Berggießhübel. Today it is Staatsstrasse 173 and was previously part of the Neue Dresden-Teplitzer Poststrasse . A smaller connecting road also leads from Kleincotta to Langenhennersdorf. The place is connected to the local public transport via the regional bus routes 207, 209 and 219 of the RVSOE , which connect Cotta with surrounding places.
The Upper Elbe Valley Waste Management Association (ZAOE) operated a garbage dump in Kleincotta until 2003. The landfill gases are used to generate energy. Today the ZAOE operates a transfer station in Kleincotta.
history
Place name
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The place name is of Old Sorbian origin. It can be derived from Kot or Chot , the name of a Slavic locator , and thus means settlement of a Chot or Kot . Despite the Slavic place name, due to the layout of both places as Waldhufendorf, it can be assumed that the emergence of Groß- and Kleincotta was closely related to the German East Settlement . The place name was first mentioned in 1311 as "Kottaw". Already in 1377 a distinction was made between occurrences in “Cottow” and “in minori Cottow”, in 1412 the two places “Groß Kottaw” and “Kleyne Kottaw” were written. In the 15th and 16th centuries, various other spellings appeared, including "Cuttaw", "Kattaw" and "Kotthenn" as well as incidents "zcu large Kotaw" or "too large Kotten". In 1570 the place "Groß Kutta" is mentioned, only in 1875 the places are officially called "Großcotta" and "Kleincotta". Cotta used to mean only the manor , but sometimes both places together. In 1791, for example, “Cotta b. Giesshüb. “To distinguish it from today's Dresden district of Cotta .
Manorial rule
When it was first mentioned in a document, Cotta was a fiefdom of the Burgraviate of Dohna . Whether the estate was under the Imperial Council Bonaventura Cotta around 1400 is disputed. Was one in Great Cotta in the 14th and 15th centuries Vorwerk . A manor developed in the 16th century . In the second half of the 15th century until 1517, the manorial rule lay with the Rauber family of knights. From 1517 to 1661 Cotta was owned by the von Kospoth family and was auctioned in 1662. The Barons von Friesen acquired it and remained the landlords throughout the 18th century. From 1821 the manor belonged to the music publisher Gottfried Christoph Härtel , and after his death his daughter Elwine. Through their two weddings it was first connected to Friedrich von Leyser and from 1840 to Eduard von Burchardi. After that, the estate belonged to the Bohemian knight Bradský von Laboun from 1868 and finally Dorothea von Eschwege until 1945 .
Administrative affiliation
In the middle of the 15th century, both cottas belonged administratively to the care Dohna. From the 16th century they were in the area of the Pirna Office , in 1856 the administration was the responsibility of the Pirna Court Office. In 1875 Groß- and Kleincotta came to the Pirna administration . The initially independent manor was dissolved after the end of the Second World War and its property of over 500 hectares was divided among 28 new farmers , ten small farmers and 250 settlers. Until 1945, the area on the upper Ladenberg also belonged to Großcotta. Five new farms were also built there. Because of the spatial proximity, the area was re-municipalized to Berggießhübel. After the merger of the municipalities of Groß- and Kleincotta, which came into force on July 1, 1950, the resulting municipality was referred to as "Cotta over Pirna" in 1952 and became part of the then formed district of Pirna . In 1990 it was renamed the district of Pirna again. After the merger of the districts of Pirna and Sebnitz in 1994, Cotta was in the district of Saxon Switzerland . In 1998 it was incorporated into Dohma. As part of it, Cotta is now part of the Pirna administrative community and the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district .
Stone crushing
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The quarrying practiced in Lohmgrund (Slav: lom "Bruch", cf. Lohmen ) near Cotta experienced a rapid upswing in the 18th century due to numerous new building projects in the residential city of Dresden . The manor forced the mining of Cotta sandstone. Its owners bought smaller farms and their lands to obtain mining areas. The landlords housed stone breakers and harvest workers in the now functionless estates. Cotta sandstone was used, among other things, in the construction of Leipzig Central Station and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin . From 1894 until the closure in 1963, the Lohmgrund was the end point of the Pirna – Großcotta railway line , over which the recovered material was transported away. Parts of the sandstone quarry in the Lohmgrund are now a natural monument.
Population development
| year | Large cotta (cotta A) | Kleincotta (Cotta B) | total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1548/51 | 30 possessed men , 46 residents | 22 possessed men, 37 residents | k. A. |
| 1764 | 19 possessed men, 16 gardeners , 4 cottagers | 23 possessed men, 2 gardeners, 2 cottagers | k. A. |
| 1834 | 490 | 221 | 711 |
| 1871 | 454 | 275 | 729 |
| 1890 | 676 | 440 | 1116 |
| 1910 | 730 | 499 | 1229 |
| 1925 | 705 | 473 | 1178 |
| 1939 | 827 | 566 | 1393 |
| 1946 | 910 | 659 | 1569 |
| 1950 | k. A. | k. A. | 1585 |
| 1964 | k. A. | k. A. | 1252 |
| 1990 | k. A. | k. A. | 767 |
| 2004 | 540 | 335 | 875 |
| 2011 | 502 | 304 | 806 |
building
church
Predecessor buildings at the site of the Großcotta church existed as early as the 14th century. At the end of the 15th century, a new building was built, which was rebuilt several times in the 17th and 18th centuries or with extensions. It was a parish church as early as the 16th century ; Kleincotta and Neundorf were parish. Around 1620 it received its squat-looking church tower, and since 1746 it has been equipped with a sundial. In 1813, during the Wars of Liberation , the Russian Grand Duke Constantine stayed in the church. In addition, members of the Russian army looted the interior. The nave with its wooden ceiling was rebuilt in 1830. Another renovation took place in 1880. The choir still has late Gothic rib vaults inside. In the early days there was a cemetery in the churchyard . As early as 1590, due to lack of space, it was moved to the northern slope of the Spitzberg and expanded again in 1887.
lock
After Baron von Friesen came into possession of the manor in 1662, he had the castle in Großcotta (Cotta A No. 19) built in the immediate vicinity of the church. Under Elwine Freifrau von Leyser (née Härtel) there was a comprehensive expansion and redesign in the classical style. Around 1895 the castle was rebuilt again, this time according to the standards of the neo-Renaissance . In addition, the more than 7000 square meter park was created during this time. From 1945 to 1991 the castle served the Dresden consumer cooperative as a training restaurant. After that it was empty; the decline began. The municipality of Cotta bought it in 1995. After its incorporation, it belonged to the municipality of Dohma, which wanted to renovate the castle together with a development association and make it accessible to the public. In December 2016, the local council decided to sell it to a real estate entrepreneur from Freital.
Protzemühle
The Protzemühle is located near Altneundorf in the Gottleuba valley. It was first mentioned in 1575. Several farm buildings were built around it in the 19th century, and finally a new mill was built in 1895. The Protzemühle is now a listed building.
literature
- Richard Steche : Grosscotta. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 1. Booklet: Official Authority Pirna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1882, p. 24.
Web links
Cotta in general
- Cotta in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Cotta district on the website of the municipality of Dohma
- History of the Cotta district
- Old historical sources for the Cotta district
- Cotta stone crosses
Large cotta
- Großcotta in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Großcotta address book from 1891
Small cotta
- Kleincotta in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Kleincotta address book from 1891
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small-scale municipality gazette. (PDF; 234 kB) 2011 Census - Dohma. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, p. 5 , accessed on January 21, 2017 .
- ↑ The transfer stations. In: zaoe.de. Retrieved January 21, 2017 .
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. 1, Berlin 2001. pp. 156f.
- ↑ inventory 10183: manorial Cotta in Pirna. Saxon State Archives , Main State Archives Dresden , accessed on January 21, 2017 .
- ↑ Cotta, Rittergut und Dorf on schlossarchiv.de
- ^ Black Book of Land Reform - Contained communities and places on bodenreform-schwarzbuch.de ( Memento from December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ On the way from I to We: Cooperative farmers make history. LPG (T) "Weideland" Bad Gottleuba, Pirna district on geschichte-pirna.de (PDF; 525 kB)
- ↑ pirna.de: Land use plan (PDF; 5.8 MB)
- ↑ Herrenhaus Cotta on burgen-schlösser-herrenhäuser.com ( Memento from September 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ Dohma: Cotta Castle. In: Sachsens-Schlösser.de. Retrieved October 1, 2013 .
- ↑ Silence about Cotta Castle. (No longer available online.) In: Sächsische Zeitung . January 20, 2017, archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: pirna.de (PDF)
