Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst

Prince Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst , with full name Konrad Maria Eusebius Prince zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (born December 16, 1863 in Vienna , † December 21, 1918 in Kammern im Liesingtal , Styria ) was an Austrian high aristocrat and leading politician Austria- Hungary ; In 1906 he was briefly imperial prime minister.

Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 1915

Life

Konrad was the son of Prince Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and Marie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein and nephew of the German Chancellor Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst .

He graduated from the Schottengymnasium in Vienna and studied law at the University of Vienna from 1883 to 1887 . Then he entered the Cisleithan civil service and was employed in the Prague Lieutenancy , in the Imperial and Royal Interior Ministry and as district captain of Teplitz-Schönau in Bohemia . Here he attracted public attention by mediating a miners' strike and granting a performance permit for Gerhart Hauptmann's socially critical play Die Weber .

Because of his worker-friendly disposition, like his cousin Prince Alexander , he was also called the Red Prince . This designation goes back to the time as district captain of Teplitz.

Prince Hohenlohe and Governor Georg Graf Wassilko , Berhometh Castle , 1904

From 1900 he worked in the field of industry and labor at the Imperial and Royal Interior Ministry in Vienna. In 1903/04 Hohenlohe was governor of the emperor and the kk government in the easternmost crown land of Old Austria, Bukowina , with its seat in Chernivtsi, as the kk provincial president . From 1904 to 1906 he was the governor of the three Crown Lands, Grafschaft Gorizia , Margraviate Istria and Free City of Trieste , collectively referred to as the Austrian Coastal Country, with seat in Trieste. He also belonged to the close circle of advisers and friends of the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand .

From May 2 to June 2, 1906, Hohenlohe was Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior of Cisleithanien , the Austrian half of the dual monarchy. He was appointed by Emperor Franz Joseph I because of his ability to assert himself against the Italian majority in Trieste. As Prime Minister he tried to implement a major reform of the electoral law that would have guaranteed a German-Romance majority over the Slavic bloc in the Vienna Imperial Council . But the German-Romance alliance was a fiction and therefore no majority could be found for his proposal. (In the same year, under his successor, Prime Minister Beck , on December 1, 1906, universal and equal male suffrage was resolved in the Reichsrat .)

Hohenlohe used a conflict over the Hungarian customs tariff to resign and returned to Trieste after only one month of unsuccessful government activity as governor of the three coastal crown lands. He remained in this position until 1915.

As governor, Hohenlohe also supervised the police and finance directors. He tried to mediate between Vienna, Italians and Slovenes ; nevertheless, for the ruling, irredentist Italian National Liberal Party in the port city, it increasingly became the incarnate symbol of the hated Habsburg state . Because he had withdrawn important competencies in the field of construction, industry, military service and education from the municipal self-government of Trieste in favor of the Viennese government and the Lieutenancy that represented it. His measures against Italian irredentism aroused lively protests in Rome .

Hohenlohe resigned at the beginning of 1915 in order to reduce the potential for conflict with Italy during the negotiations for the neutrality of its southern neighbor in the First World War . He moved back to Vienna and in 1915 became President of the Supreme Audit Office of the western half of the Reich. In March 1915 he went to the Russian front with the Vienna Landwehr Division at his own request . From November 30, 1915 to October 31, 1916, interrupted for two months due to illness, he was Imperial Minister of the Interior in the cabinet of Prime Minister Karl Graf Stürgkh, who ruled without a parliament and was therefore assassinated on October 21 by Friedrich Adler .

As Minister of the Interior, Hohenlohe developed a quatralist program in May 1916 to transform the monarchy into a four-part federal state consisting of Austria , Hungary , Poland and Illyria . The latter should include Croatia and Slavonia , Bosnia-Herzegovina and Dalmatia . Fiume should stay with Hungary, Istria and Trieste with Austria. Each of the four parts of the state would have had its own government and parliament, as had previously been the case for the two halves of the empire; together, as between Austria and Hungary, the monarch, army and foreign policy would have remained together. Austria and Hungary would have continued to have a certain preponderance . As was to be expected, the ruling Hungarian politicians could not gain anything from the proposal. This would have greatly reduced Hungary's rulership and eliminated the kingdom's prominent position in the politics of the entire monarchy.

On December 2, 1916, Hohenlohe followed Stephan Burián for three weeks under the new (and last) Emperor and King Karl I , who was reassigned the office on December 22, 1916, as joint finance minister who was only responsible for the financing of foreign policy, joint army and kuk Kriegsmarine was responsible.

From December 2, 1916 (first meeting on May 30, 1917) to November 12, 1918 (last meeting on October 30, 1918) he was a member of the manor house of the Austrian Reichsrat. As Emperor Karl's first chief steward from February 1917 to May 1918, after the failure of the Clam-Martinic government in June 1917, he stood in vain for the formation of a government by Josef Redlich ; the German Nationals refused. Towards the end of the world war he pushed in vain for the federalization of Austria-Hungary. In May 1918 he finally withdrew from politics.

Marriage and offspring

Prince Konrad married Countess Franziska von Schönborn-Buchheim (1866–1937) in 1888. The marriage resulted in six children, including Princess Franziska zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1897-1989), who became sister-in-law of the last Emperor of Austria through her marriage to Archduke Maximilian in 1917. One of Konrad's great-grandsons is the Austrian society journalist Karl Hohenlohe .

literature

Lothar Höbelt : Prince Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1863-1918). From the “red prince” to the “noble junior” ?. In: Alma Hannig, Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri (eds.): The Hohenlohe family. A European dynasty in the 19th and 20th centuries . Verlag Böhlau, Cologne 2013, ISBN 978-3-41222201-7 , pp. 201-227.

Web links

Commons : Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Entry on Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Biography at Austrian commander (English)

supporting documents

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst Konrad Prinz zu. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 392 f. (Direct links on p. 392 , p. 393 ).
^ ^A ^b ^c Eduard Winkler: Suffrage reforms and elections in Trieste 1905–1909. An analysis of political participation in a multinational urban region of the Habsburg monarchy. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-56486-2 .
^ ^A ^b Ernst Rutkowski: Letters and documents on the history of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Volume 2: The Constitutionally Loyal Large Estate 1900–1904. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-486-52611-1 , p. 849.
^ Hugo Hantsch: Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand master and statesman . Verlag Styria, Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1963, Volume 2: p. 770; and Heinz Lemke: Alliance and Rivalry. The Central Powers and Poland in the First World War. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1977, ISBN 3-205-00527-9 , p. 238.

predecessor	Office	successor
Leopold von Goëss	Governor (Landeschef) of the Austrian coastal lands 1904–1906	(interim vacant afterwards yourself)
Paul Gautsch Baron von Frankenthurn	Imperial and Royal Prime Minister (Reich part Cisleithanien) May 2 - June 2, 1906	Max Wladimir Freiherr von Beck
(interim vacant before himself)	Governor (Landeschef) of the Austrian Coastal Lands (2nd) 1906–1915	Alfred von Fries-Skene
Karl Freiherr Heinold von Udynski	kk Minister of the Interior (Cisleithanien part of the empire) Dec. 1, 1915 - Aug. 29, 1916	Erasmus of Commerce
István Baron Burián von Rajecz (interim)	kuk Finance Minister Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina December 2-22, 1916	István Baron Burián of Rajecz

personal data
SURNAME	Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Konrad too
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Konrad Maria Eusebius Prinz zu (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Austrian politician
DATE OF BIRTH	December 16, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH	Vienna , Austrian Empire
DATE OF DEATH	December 21, 1918
Place of death	Chambers in the Liesingtal , German Austria

[ÖBL-1] Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst Konrad Prinz zu. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 392 f. (Direct links on p. 392 , p. 393 ).

[Winkler-2] A ^b ^c Eduard Winkler: Suffrage reforms and elections in Trieste 1905–1909. An analysis of political participation in a multinational urban region of the Habsburg monarchy. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-56486-2 .

[Rutkowski849-3] A ^b Ernst Rutkowski: Letters and documents on the history of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Volume 2: The Constitutionally Loyal Large Estate 1900–1904. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-486-52611-1 , p. 849.

[4] Hugo Hantsch: Leopold Graf Berchtold. Grand master and statesman . Verlag Styria, Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1963, Volume 2: p. 770; and Heinz Lemke: Alliance and Rivalry. The Central Powers and Poland in the First World War. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1977, ISBN 3-205-00527-9 , p. 238.