List of HVDC systems
The high-voltage direct current ( HVDC ) is a method for the transmission of electrical energy with direct current high voltage (100-1000 kV ). The following is an overview of the systems implemented.
Systems in which arc converters or mercury vapor rectifiers were originally used
Commissioning up to and including 1945
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) |
Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) |
Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mechanicville, New York |
USA Mechanicville , NY |
USA Schenectady , NY |
37 | 12 | 5 | 1932 | Test facility | |
HVDC close coupling of the Carnegie steelworks |
USA Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
USA Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
? | ? | ? | was used to implement a coupling between a 60 Hz network and a 25 Hz network, dismantled | ||
HVDC Zurich – Wettingen |
Switzerland Wettingen |
Switzerland Zurich |
20th | 50 | 0.5 | 1939 | Test facility built by the BBC | |
HVDC Charlottenburg – Moabit |
Germany Berlin-Moabit |
Germany Berlin-Charlottenburg |
4.6 | 100 | 14th | 1942 | Test facility, dismantled in 1945 | |
HVDC Lehrte – Misburg |
Germany Taught |
Germany Hannover-Misburg |
5 | 0 | 80 | 16 | 1944 | Test facility based on electric arc converters, destroyed in World War II |
Elbe project |
Germany Vockerode |
Germany Berlin-Marienfelde |
115 | 0 | 200 | 60 | 1945 | never went into operation, dismantled |
HVDC Trollhättan – Merud |
Sweden Trollhättan |
Sweden Mellerud |
90 | 50 | 6.5 | 1942 | Test facility, dismantled in 1945 |
Commissioning after 1945
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moscow Kashira |
Russia Moscow |
Russia kashira |
100 | 200 | 30th | 1951 | shut down (date unknown) | |
HVDC Gotland 1 |
Sweden Västervik |
Sweden Yigne |
98 | 200 | 20th | 1954 | Decommissioned in February 1986 | |
HVDC cross channel |
France Echingen |
UK Lydd |
64 | 100 | 160 | 1961 | Closed in 1984 | |
HVDC Kontiskan 1 |
Denmark Vester Hassing |
Sweden Stenkullen |
87 | 89 | 250 | 250 | 1964 | in August 2006 by new plant with thyristors replaced |
SACOI 1 |
Italy Suvereto before 1992: San Dalmazio |
France Lucciana Italy Codrongianos |
304 | 118 | 200 | 200 | 1965 | 1986 Replacement by thyristors, several terminals |
HVDC Inter-Island Link |
New Zealand Benmore |
New Zealand Haywards |
40 | 535 | (+) 270 (-) 350 |
1240 | 1965 | the new system is equipped with thyristors, the old system connected in parallel |
HVDC Volgograd-Donbass |
Russia Volzhskaya |
Ukraine Mikhailovskaya |
475 | 400 | 750 | 1964 | ||
HVDC close coupling Sakuma |
Japan Sakuma |
Japan Sakuma |
125 | 300 | 1965 | 1993 Replacement by a power converter equipped with photothyristors | ||
Pacific DC Intertie |
USA Oregon - Celilo |
USA California - Sylmar |
1362 | 500 | 3100 | 1970 | In 1972, the converter station in Sylmar had to be largely reconstructed after the Sylmar earthquake | |
Vancouver Island 1 |
Canada Delta, BC |
Canada North Cowichan, BC |
33 | 42 | 260 | 312 | 1968 | |
Nelson River Bipol 1 |
Canada Gillam |
Canada Rosser, Manitoba |
895 | 450 | 1620 | 1971 | ||
HVDC Kingsnorth |
UK Kingsnorth |
UK London Beddington London Willesden |
85 | 266 | 640 | 1975 | only inner-city (London) and last plant built with mercury vapor rectifiers |
Systems that are operated with thyristors from the start
Commissioning until 1980
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVDC close coupling Eel River |
Canada Eel River , NB |
Canada Eel River, NB |
80 | 320 | 1972 | |||
Vancouver Island 2 |
Canada Delta, BC |
Canada North Cowichan, BC |
33 | 42 | 280 | 370 | 1977 | |
HVDC close coupling David A. Hamil |
USA Stegall (Nebraska) |
USA Stegall (Nebraska) |
± 50 | 100 | 1977 | |||
Shin Shinano HVDC close coupling |
Japan Shin Shinano |
Japan Shin Shinano |
125 | 600 | 1977 | |||
Square butte |
USA Center, ND (Young) |
USA Adolph, MN (Arrowhead) |
749 | 250 | 500 | 1977 | ||
HVDC Cross-Skagerrak 1 + 2 |
Denmark Tjele |
Norway Kristiansand |
130 | 100 | 250 | 500 | 1977 | |
CU |
USA Underwood, ND (Coal Creek) |
USA Rockford, MN (Dickinson) |
710 | ± 400 | 1000 | 1979 | ||
HVDC Hokkaido – Honshu |
Japan Hakodate |
Japan Kamikita |
44 | 149 | 250 | 300 | 1979 | |
HVDC Cahora Bassa |
Mozambique Songo |
South Africa Apollo |
1420 | ± 533 | 1920 | 1979 | The thyristor valves are not housed in a hall, but in oil-filled containers outdoors. The facility was damaged in the 1980s during the Mozambican Civil War and was inoperative for 17 years. It was subsequently renewed and put back into operation in 1998. |
Commissioning between 1981 and 1990
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acaray HVDC close coupling |
Paraguay Ciudad de Este |
Paraguay Ciudad de Este |
25.6 | 50 | 1981 | |||
HVDC Inga-Shaba |
Zaire Kolwezi |
Zaire Inga |
1700 | 500 | 560 | 1982 | The overhead line is likely to be the longest on earth. Since it mainly leads through terrain that is difficult to access, a separate line route was chosen for each pole. | |
HVDC close coupling Vyborg |
Russia Vyborg |
Russia Vyborg |
85 | 1065 | 1982 | |||
Dürnrohr |
Austria Dürnrohr |
Austria Dürnrohr |
145 | 550 | 1983 | Closed in October 1996, dismantled in 2007 | ||
Gotland 2 |
Sweden Västervik |
Sweden Yigne |
92.9 | 6.6 | 150 | 130 | 1983 | |
HVDC close coupling Eddy County |
United States Artesia, NM |
United States Artesia, NM |
82 | 200 | 1983 | |||
HVDC close coupling Oklaunion |
USA Oklaunion, TX |
USA Oklaunion, TX |
82 | 200 | 1984 | |||
Blackwater HVDC close coupling |
USA Blackwater, NM |
USA Blackwater, NM |
57 | 200 | 1984 | |||
Châteauguay direct current back-up |
Canada Saint-Constant , QC |
Canada Saint-Constant , QC |
140 | 1000 | 1984 | Largest GKK in North America | ||
HVDC Itaipu 2 |
Brazil Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná |
Brazil São Roque, São Paulo |
805 | ± 600 | 3150 | 1984 | Manufacturer: ABB | |
HVDC Itaipu 1 |
Brazil Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná |
Brazil São Roque, São Paulo |
785 | ± 600 | 3150 | 1984 | Manufacturer: ABB | |
HVDC close coupling Madawaska |
Canada Degelis |
Canada Degelis |
140 | 350 | 1985 | |||
HVDC close coupling Miles City |
USA Miles City |
USA Miles City |
82 | 200 | 1985 | |||
Highgate HVDC close coupling |
USA Highgate, VT |
USA Highgate, VT |
56 | 200 | 1985 | |||
Nelson River Bipol 2 |
Canada Sundance |
Canada Rosser |
937 | ± 500 | 1800 | 1985 | ||
HVDC cross-channel (new) |
France Les Mandarins |
UK Sellindge |
72 | ± 270 | 2000 | 1986 | 2 bipolar systems | |
HVDC close coupling Uruguaiana |
Brazil Uruguaiana |
Brazil Uruguaiana |
17.9 | 53.9 | 1986 | |||
Intermountain |
USA Intermountain, Utah |
United States of America Adelanto, California |
785 | ± 500 | 1920 | 1986 | ||
HVDC close coupling Broken Hill |
Australia Broken Hill |
Australia Broken Hill |
8.33 | 40 | 1986 | |||
Gotland 3 |
Sweden Västervik |
Sweden Yigne |
98 | 150 | 130 | 1987 | ||
HVDC Zhoushan |
China Ningbo |
China Gao Tongge |
12 | 42 | 100 | 50 | 1987 | |
Kontiskan 2 |
Denmark Vester, Hassing |
Sweden Lindome |
87 | 60 | 285 | 300 | 1988 | |
HVDC close coupling Virginia Smith |
United States of America Sidney, Nebraska |
United States of America Sidney, Nebraska |
500 | 200 | 1988 | |||
McNeill HVDC close coupling |
Canada Mc Neill, Alberta |
Canada Mc Neill, Alberta |
42 | 150 | 1989 | |||
Gezhouba – Shanghai "GeSha" or "Ge-Nan" |
China Gezhouba |
China Nan Qiao |
1046 | ± 500 | 1200 | 1989 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
HVDC Fenno-Skan |
Finland Rauma |
Sweden Dannebo |
200 | 33 | 400 | 500 | 1989 | |
HVDC close coupling Vindhyachal |
India Vindhyachal |
India Vindhyachal |
176 | 500 | 1989 | |||
HVDC Sileru – Barsoor |
India Sileru |
India Barsoor |
196 | 200 | 400 | 1989 |
Commissioning between 1991 and 2000
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVDC Quebec - New England |
Canada Radisson, QC |
Canada Nicolet, QC Canada Des Cantons, QC USA Comerford, NH USA James Bay, MA |
5 | 1100 | ± 450 | 2000 | 1991 | 3 stopovers. Manufacturer: ABB |
HVDC Rihand – Delhi |
India Rihand |
India Dadri |
814 | ± 500 | 1500 | 1992 | ||
Cross Skagerrak 3 |
Denmark Tjele |
Norway Kristiansand |
130 | 100 | 350 | 500 | 1993 | |
Inter-Island New Zealand 2 |
New Zealand Benmore |
New Zealand Haywards |
40 | 570 | 350 | 640 | 1992 | |
HVDC close coupling Wolmirstedt |
Germany Wolmirstedt |
Germany Wolmirstedt |
160 | 600 | (1992) | Construction stopped in April 1990. Converter hall, today recycling center. | ||
SACOI 2 |
Italy Suvereto before 1992: San Dalmazio |
France Lucciana Italy Codrongianos |
118 | 304 | 200 | 300 | 1992 | several terminals |
GKK Etzenricht |
Germany Etzenricht |
Germany Etzenricht |
160 | 600 | 1993 | shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009 | ||
GK Wien-Südost |
Austria Vienna |
Austria Vienna |
142 | 600 | 1993 | shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007 | ||
Baltic Cable |
Germany Lübeck- Herrenwyk |
Sweden Kruseberg |
250 | 12 | 450 | 600 | 1993 | |
HVDC Haenam – Cheju |
South Korea Haenam |
South Korea Jeju |
101 | 180 | 300 | 1996 | ||
Kontek |
Denmark Bjaeverskov |
Germany Bentwisch |
170 | 400 | 600 | 1996 | ||
HVDC Chandrapur – Padghe |
India Chandrapur ? |
India Padghe |
900 | ± 500 | 1500 | 1997 | ||
HVDC Leyte - Luzon |
Philippines Ormoc, Leyte |
Philippines Naga, Camarines Sur |
21st | 430 | 400 | 1600 | 1998 | |
HVDC close coupling Chandrapur |
India Chandrapur |
India Chandrapur |
205 | 1000 | 1998 | |||
HVDC close coupling Welch-Monticello |
USA Welch-Monticello, TX Welch Power Plant |
USA Welch-Monticello, TX Monticello Power Plant |
162 | 600 | 1998 | |||
Vizag I |
India Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka |
India Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka |
176 | 500 | 1999 | |||
HVDC close coupling Minami-Fukumitsu |
Japan Minami-Fukumitsu |
Japan Minami-Fukumitsu |
125 | 300 | 1999 | |||
HVDC Visby-Nas |
Sweden Nas |
Sweden Visby |
70 | 80 | 50 | 1999 | ||
HVDC Kii Channel |
Japan Anan |
Japan Kihoku |
50 | 50 | 500 | 1400 | 2000 | |
Swepol |
Poland Bruskowo Wielkie |
Sweden Starknö |
245 | 450 | 600 | 2000 | ||
Garabi HVDC close coupling |
Brazil Garabi |
Brazil Garabi |
± 70 | 400 | 2000 | |||
Rivera HVDC close coupling |
Uruguay Rivera |
Uruguay Rivera |
± 20 | 70 | 2000 |
Commissioning from 2001 to 2007
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVDC Italy – Greece |
Greece Arachthos |
Italy Galatina |
313 | 110 | 400 | 500 | 2001 | |
TSQ |
China Tianshengqiao |
China Guangzhou |
960 | ± 500 | 1800 | 2001 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
HVDC Moyle |
Great Britain Auchencrosh |
Northern Ireland Ballycronan More |
63.5 | 250 | 250 | 2001 | ||
HVDC ESI II |
India Talcher, Orissa |
India Kolar, Karnataka |
1450 | ± 500 | 2000 | 2002 | ||
HVDC Thailand – Malaysia |
Thailand Khlong Ngae |
Malaysia Gurun |
110 | 300 | 300 | 2002 | ||
HVDC Shengsi |
China Schengsi |
China Anabasis Sizu |
63.21 | 2.99 | ± 50 | 60 | 2002 | |
HVDC Dreischluchtendamm – Changzhou |
China Longquan |
China Zhengping |
860 | ± 500 | 3000 | 2003 | From the north bank of the Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid. Manufacturer: ABB / Siemens | |
HVDC close coupling Sasaram |
India Sasaram |
India Sasaram |
205 | 500 | 2003 | |||
Rapid City HVDC close coupling |
United States Rapid City, South Dakota |
United States Rapid City, South Dakota |
13 | 200 | 2003 | [1] | ||
Guizhou-Guangdong I (GuG I) |
China Anshun, Guizhou |
China Zhaoqing, Guangdong |
980 | ± 500 | 3000 | 2004 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
HVDC Three Gorges Dam Guangdong - Huizhou |
China Jingzhou |
China Huizhou |
940 | 500 | 3000 | 2004 | Manufacturer: ABB | |
HVDC close coupling Vizag II |
India Visakhapatnam |
India Visakhapatnam |
176 | 500 | 2005 | Manufacturer: ABB | ||
Bass link |
Australia LoyYang |
Australia GeorgeTown, Tasmania |
298.3 | 71.8 | 400 | 600 | 2005 | |
HVDC close coupling Lingbao |
China Lingbao |
China Lingbao |
168 | 360 | 2005 | |||
HVDC close coupling Lamar |
USA Lamar Co., CO |
USA Lamar Co., CO |
63.6 | 210 | 2005 | Manufacturer: Siemens; Combination of HVDC close coupling and power flow control (GPFC) | ||
HVDC Dreischluchtendamm-Shanghai |
China Yidu |
China Shanghai |
900 | ± 500 | 3000 | 2006 | Manufacturer: ABB | |
Higashi-Shimizu Frequency Converter |
Japan Shimuzu |
Japan Shimuzu |
125 | 300 | 2006 | |||
Sharyland HVDC close coupling |
United States Sharyland, TX |
United States Sharyland, TX |
21st | 150 | 2007 | |||
Guizhou-Guangdong II (GuG II) |
China Xingren |
China Shenzhen |
1225 | ± 500 | 3000 | 2007 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
Neptune |
USA Long Island (Hicksville) NY |
USA Sayreville, NJ |
105 | 500 | 660 | 2007 | Manufacturer: Siemens |
Commissioning from 2008
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of underground / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GKK Al Fadhili |
Saudi Arabia Al Fadhili |
Saudi Arabia Al Fadhili |
1800 | 2008 | [2] | |||
GKK HeiHe |
China Heihe |
China Heihe |
750 | 2008 | ||||
GKK Gaoling |
China gaoling |
China gaoling |
1500 | 2008 | ||||
NorNed |
Netherlands Eemshaven |
Norway Feda |
580 | 450 | 700 | 2008 | Manufacturer: ABB | |
Lévis de-icer |
Canada Lévis |
Canada Lévis |
27-242 | ± 17.4 | 250 | 2008 | Line de-icing system. Normal operation: Static reactive power compensator (SVC) | |
HVDC Ballia – Bhiwadi |
India Ballia |
India Bhiwadi |
780 | ± 500 | 2500 | 2011 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
Outaouais HVDC close coupling |
Canada Outaouais |
Canada Outaouais |
315 | 625 (2 ×) | 2009 | planned completion 2009, manufacturer: ABB | ||
SAPEI |
Italy Latina |
Italy Fiume Santo |
440 | 500 | 500 | 2009 * | planned completion 2008/09, manufacturer: ABB | |
HVDC Yunnan-Guangdong |
China Chuxiong, Yunnan |
China Zengcheng, Guangdong |
1418 | ± 800 | 5000 | 2010 | Manufacturer: Siemens [3] | |
HVDC Xianjiaba-Shanghai |
China Fulong |
China Fengxian |
2071 | ± 800 | 6400 | 2010 * | Completion 2010 Monopole, 2011 Bipol Manufacturer: Siemens, ABB |
|
HVDC Ningxia - Tianjing | China - Ningxia | China - Tianjing | 3000 | 2010 | ||||
HVDC Baoji-Denjang | China - Baoji | China - Denjang | ± 500 | 3000 | 2010 | |||
HVDC Qinghai - Tibet | China - Geermu |
China - Lhasa | 1038 | 500 | 1200 | 2010 | ||
Ningxia - Shandong | China - Yinchuan |
China - Qingdao | 1038 | 500 | 1200 | 2010 | ||
HVDC Hulunbeir-Liaoning | China - Hulunbeir | China - Shenyang | 920 | ± 500 | 3000 | 2010 | ||
Great Belt Power Link or HVDC StoreBaelt |
Denmark Fraugde |
Denmark Herslev |
56 | 400 | 600 | 2010 | Manufacturer: Siemens | |
HVDC close coupling Melo |
Uruguay Melo |
Uruguay Melo |
? | 500 | 2011 | Completion 2011, manufacturer: Areva | ||
BritNed |
Great Britain Grain |
Netherlands Maasvlakte |
245 | 450 | 1000 | 2011 | Completion 2010, commissioning 2011, manufacturer: Siemens | |
Cometa |
Spain Morvedre |
Spain Santa Ponsa |
247 | 250 | 400 | 2011 * | Planned completion 2011 Manufacturer: PRYSMIAN / NEXANS / Siemens |
|
HVDC Sumatra – Java |
Indonesia Java |
Indonesia Sumatra |
700 | 500 | 3000 | 2011 * | planned completion 2011 Manufacturer:? |
|
HVDC Hubei - Shanghai | China - Jingmen | China - Fenjing |
970 | 500 | 3000 | 2011 | ||
HVDC Fenno-Skan 2 |
Finland Rauma |
Sweden Dannebo |
200 | 103 | 500 | 800 | 2011 | |
HVDC Jindo – Jeju 2 |
Korea Jeju |
Korea Jindo |
119 | 250 | 200 (2 ×) | 2011 * | planned completion 2011 Manufacturer:? |
|
HVDC North Shaanxi - Shandong | China | China | 3000 | 2011 | ||||
GKK Shandong - East | China | China | 1200 | 2011 | ||||
Jinping-Sunan HVDC |
China Jinping, Sichuan |
China Sunan, Junan |
2059 | ± 800 | 7200 | 2012 | ||
HVDC Rio Madeira | Brazil - Porto Velho | Brazil - Araraquara | > 2500 | ± 600 | 3150 | 2012 | ||
HVDC close coupling Rio Madeira | Brazil - Porto Velho | Brazil - Porto Velho | ? | 800 | 2012 | |||
HVDC Mundra – Haryana Adani |
India Mundra, Gujarat |
India Mohindergarh, Haryana |
960 | ± 500 | 2500 | 2012 | Manufacturer: Siemens [4] | |
GKK North - Central | China | China | 1000 | 2012 | ||||
HVDC Xiluodo - Guangdong |
China Zhaotong, Yunnan |
China Conghua, Guangdong |
1286 | 500 | 5000 | 2013 | [5] | |
HVDC Jinhong - Thailand | China | Thailand | 3000 | 2013 | ||||
Akhaltsikhe HVDC close coupling |
Georgia Akhaltsikhe |
Georgia Akhaltsikhe |
96 | 700 | 2013 | |||
Ridgefield HVDC close coupling |
USA Ridgefield |
USA Ridgefield |
185 | 660 | 2013 | |||
HVDC close coupling Bheramara | Bangladesh, Bheramara | Bangladesh, Bheramara | 158 | 500 | 2013 | |||
City feed Dalian | China - Dalian North | China - Dalian South | 43 | ± 320 | 1000 | 2013 | [6] | |
HVDC Xiluodo - Hunan |
China |
China |
± 800 | 6400 | 2014 | |||
Southern HVDC Hami – Zhengzhou |
China Agra |
China Agra |
2210 | ± 800 | 8000 | 2014 | HVDC with the highest transmission capacity in the world (as of 2014) | |
HVDC Biswanath – Agra |
India Agra |
India Alipurduar India Biswanath |
1825 | ± 800 | 6000 | 2014 * | Planned completion 2014/2015 as Bipol | |
GKK Mogocha |
Russia Mogocha |
Russia Mogocha |
? | ? | 2014 | [7] | ||
Estlink 2 |
Finland Anttila |
Estonia Püssi |
157 | 14th | 450 | 650 | 2014 | Manufacturer: Siemens (substations) [8] , NEXANS (cables) |
Railroad DC Tie |
United States Sharyland, TX |
United States Sharyland, TX |
21st | 150 | 2014 | [9] | ||
Eastern Alberta Transmission Line |
Canada Newell |
Canada Heathfield |
485 | 500 | 1000 | 2014 | ||
Western Alberta Transmission Line |
Canada Genesee |
Canada Langdon |
485 | 500 | 1000 | 2014 | ||
HVDC Humeng - Schandong | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2015 | |||
HVDC Xiluodo - Hanzhou | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2015 | |||
HVDC Irkutsk - Beijing | Russia - Irkutsk | China - Beijing | ± 800 | 6400 | 2015 | |||
HVDC Nuozhadu - Guangdong |
China Puer, Yunnan |
China Jiangmen, Guangdong |
1451 | ± 800 | 5000 | 2013 | [10] | |
HVDC Western Link | United Kingdom, Hunterston | United Kingdom, Connah's Quay | 414 | 600 | 2200 | 2015 | Manufacturer: Siemens (substations), Prysmian (cables) [11] | |
HVDC close coupling Alytus | Lithuania- Alytus | Lithuania- Alytus | ? | 1000 | 2015 | |||
HVDC Jinscha River II - East China | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2016 | |||
HVDC Goupitan - Guangdong | China | China | 3000 | 2016 | ||||
Shetland HVDC Connection | UK - Upper Kergord Valley | UK - Blackhillock | 345 | 550 | 2016 | |||
HVDC Jinscha River II - Fujian | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2018 | |||
HVDC Humeng - Liaoning | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2018 | |||
HVDC Humeng - Liaoning | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2018 | |||
HVDC Hami - Central China | China | China | ± 800 | 6400 | 2018 | |||
Nelson River Bipol 3 |
Canada Keewatinoow |
Canada Rosser |
1324 | ± 500 | 2000 | 2018 | ||
HVDC Ekibastus Center |
Kazakhstan Ekibastus |
Russia Tambov |
2400 | 750 | 6000 | ? | unfinished, almost completely demolished | |
HVDC Bakun |
Malaysia Similajau |
Malaysia Bentong |
670 | 1030 | 500 | ? | ? | |
Shanghai-Shensi HVDC |
China Shanghai |
China Schensi |
± 500 | ? | ? | |||
Skagerrak 4 |
Denmark Viborg |
Norway Kristiansand |
137 | 102 | 500 | 700 | [obsolete] 2014 | Danish wind power, Norwegian water storage [12] |
Nemo Link |
UK Richborough |
Belgium Zeebrugge |
approx. 140 km | ± 400 | 1000 | [obsolete] 2019 | Contractor Siemens | |
NordLink |
Germany Wilster |
Norway Tonstad |
570 km (516 km submarine cable, 54 km land cable) | 53 km | ± 525 | 1400 | [obsolete] 2019 | Manufacturer ABB [14] |
HVDC Kenya-Ethiopia |
Ethiopia Volayta |
Kenya Suswa |
1045 km | ± 500 | 2000 | [obsolete] 2019 | ||
NSN Link |
Great Britain Blyth |
Norway Kvilldal |
> 700 km | ± 515 | 1200 | 2020 |
Systems that were operated with IGBTs from the start
(also known under the names HVDC light (ABB) and HVDC plus (Siemens) )
Surname | Converter station 1 | Converter station 2 / ... | Length of land / submarine cable (km) | Length of overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Max. Transmission power (MW) | Year d. Installation | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hellsjön – Grängesberg |
Sweden Hellsjön |
Sweden Grängesberg |
10 | 180 | 3 | 1997 | Test facility | ||
HVDC close coupling Eagle Pass, Texas |
USA, Texas Eagle Pass |
USA, Texas Eagle Pass |
15.9 | 36 | 2000 | ||||
HVDC Tjæreborg |
Denmark Tjæreborg / Enge |
Denmark Tjæreborg substation |
4.3 | 9 | 7th | 2000 | Connection of wind turbines | ||
Directlink |
Australia Mullumbimby |
Australia bungalora |
59 | 80 | 180 | 2000 | Underground cables | ||
Crossing the Long Island Sound |
USA, Connecticut New Haven |
USA Shoreham, Long Island |
40 | 150 | 330 | 2002 | buried submarine cable | ||
Murraylink |
Australia Red Cliffs |
Australia Berri |
177 | 300 (± 150) | 220 | 2002 | Underground cables | ||
HVDC Troll A |
Norway Kollsnes |
Norway offshore platform Troll A |
70 | 60 | 80 | 2004 | Power supply for gas compressor, manufacturer: ABB | ||
Estlink |
Estonia Harku |
Finland Espoo |
105 | 150 | 350 | 2006 | Manufacturer: ABB | ||
BorWin 1 |
Germany hallway |
German EEZ BorWin alpha |
78 km of land cable, 125 km of submarine cable | 300 (± 150) | 400 | 2010 | Manufacturer: ABB | ||
Trans Bay Cable / San Francisco Bay |
USA, California East Bay - Oakland |
USA, California San Francisco |
88 | 200 | 400 | 2010 | Manufacturer: Siemens & Pirelli | ||
HVDC Valhall |
Norway Lista |
Norway offshore platform Valhall |
292 | 150 | 78 | 2009 | |||
Sydvästlänken |
Sweden Barkeryd (Nassjö) |
Sweden Hurva (Hörby) |
197 | 63 | 600 (± 300) | 2 × 660 | 2014/2015 | Two parallel HVDC systems over land (here with a route length of 260 km), possibly a sample for HVDC land connections in Germany (if cable and overhead lines in series and for economic reasons with limited cable voltage to e.g. ± 525 kV) | |
Caprivi Link |
Namibia Gerus |
Namibia Zambezi |
970 | 500 | 300 | 2010 | |||
Great Belt Power Link (Storebælt HVDC) |
Denmark Fraugde (Funen) |
Denmark Herslev (Zealand) |
26 km of land cable, 32 km of submarine cable | 400 | 600 | 2010 | Manufacturer: Siemens (substations) [15] , ABB (cables) [16] | ||
East-West Interconnector |
Great Britain Shotton |
Ireland Woodland |
130 | 400 (± 200) | 500 | 2012 | |||
Wind farm integration Nanhui | China | China | 8.4 | ± 30kV | 18th | 2011 | [17] | ||
BorWin 2 |
Germany hallway |
German EEZ BorWin beta |
78 km of land cable, 125 km of submarine cable | 600 (± 300) | 800 | 2013 [18] | Manufacturer: Siemens Energy | ||
HVDC Nanao |
China Search |
China Jinniu, China Qingdao |
10 | 32 | ± 160 | 200 | 2013 | ||
DolWin 1 |
Germany Heede ( Dörpen ) |
German EEZ DolWin alpha |
90 km of land cable, 75 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 800 | 2014 | Manufacturer: ABB [19] | ||
Zhouschan-Zhejiang HVDC |
China Zhouschan |
China Qushan; China Daishan; China Jangschan; China Sijiao |
134 km of submarine cables | 400 (± 200) | 400 | 2014 | Manufacturer: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd | ||
HelWin 1 |
Germany Büttel |
German AWZ HelWin alpha |
45 km of land cable, 85 km of submarine cable | 500 (± 250) | 576 | 2015 | Manufacturer: Siemens [20] | ||
SylWin 1 |
Germany Büttel |
German EEZ SylWin alpha |
45 km of land cable, 160 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 864 | 2015 | Manufacturer: Siemens [21] | ||
HVDC close coupling Mackinac |
United States St. Ignace , Michigan |
United States St. Ignace, Michigan |
70 | 200 | 2014 | Manufacturer: ABB | |||
INELFE |
France Baixas |
Spain Santa Llogaia |
64 | 640 (± 320) | 2 × 1000 | 2014 | two parallel HVDC systems over land (here with a route length of 64 km), of which approx. 8 km in the Pyrenees motorway tunnel, if necessary samples for other HVDC land connections, the current status is the 320 kV plastic cable, long-term experience with 525 kV plastic cables is still missing; Manufacturer: Siemens [22] | ||
North Balt |
Sweden Nybro |
Lithuania Klaipėda |
450 | 300 | 700 | 2015 | Manufacturer: ABB [23] | ||
DolWin 2 |
Germany Heede (Dörpen) |
German AWZ DolWin beta |
90 km of land cable, 45 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 916 | 2016 | Manufacturer: ABB [24] | ||
HelWin 2 |
Germany Büttel |
German AWZ HelWin beta |
45 km of land cable, 85 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 690 | 2015 | Manufacturer: Siemens [25] | ||
Multi-point connection Zhoushan | China | China | 134 | ± 200 kV | 400 | ? | [26] | ||
Eleclink |
France Les Mandarins |
England Sellindge |
75 | 400 | 500 | ? | planned for the service tunnel of the Eurotunnel [27] (PDF; 31 kB) | ||
HVDC Åland-Finland |
Finland Nådendal |
Finland Ytterby |
158 | 160 (± 80) | 100 | 2015 | Manufacturer: ABB [28] | ||
DolWin 3 |
Germany Heede (Dörpen) |
German EEZ DolWin gamma |
79 km of land cable, 83 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 900 | 2017/2018 | Manufacturer: Alstom [29] | ||
HGÜ MON.ITA |
Italy Cepagatti |
Montenegro Lastva Grbaljska |
415 | ± 500 | 1000 | 2017 | Manufacturer: Toshiba | ||
HVDC close coupling Mogocha |
Russia Mogocha |
Russia Mogocha |
± 32 | 200 | 2017 | [30] | |||
HVDC Caithness Moray |
Great Britain Spittal |
Great Britain Blackhillock |
160 km of submarine cables | 320 | 1200 | 2018 | Manufacturer: ABB | ||
HVDC close coupling Khani |
Russia Khani |
Russia Khani |
± 32 | 200 | 2019 | [31] | |||
Bentwisch HVDC close coupling |
Germany Bentwisch |
Germany Bentwisch |
± 140 | 410 | 2019 | ||||
New HVDC Hokkaido Honschu |
Japan Imabetsu |
Japan Hokuto |
22nd | 98 | 250 | 300 | 2019 | [32] | |
BorWin 3 |
Germany Emden East |
German EEZ BorWin gamma |
78 km of land cable, 82 km of submarine cable | 640 (± 320) | 900 | 2019 [33] | Manufacturer: Siemens Energy | ||
ALEGrO |
Germany Oberzier |
Belgium Lixhe |
100 km of land cable | 320 | 1000 | 2020? | Manufacturer: Siemens | ||
IFA2 |
France Tourbe |
England Daedalus |
208 km of submarine cables | 320 | 1000 | 2020? | Manufacturer: ABB | ||
NSN Link |
Great Britain Blyth |
Norway Kvilldal |
> 700 km | ± 515 | 1400 | 2020 | |||
COBRAcable |
Denmark Endrup |
Netherlands Eemshaven |
approx. 325 km | ± 320 | 700 | [obsolete] 2019 | Manufacturer: Siemens | ||
Celtic Link |
Ireland |
France |
approx. 600 km | 700 | 2025 |
Systems in which both producers and consumers work directly with direct current
Surname | Commissioning and, if necessary, decommissioning | course | length | Operating data | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVDC Lyon – Moûtiers | 1906-1936 | Moûtiers - Lyon (France) | 180 km overhead line, 4 km underground cable | 100 kV bipolar, 150 A | Pure DC machines without conversion, was dismantled in 1936 as the last system of its kind |
Web links
Commons : HVDC plants - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
- List of HVDC and FACTS (PDF; accessed February 3, 2015)
Individual evidence
- ^ Thomas Blalock: A Novel but Short-Lived Power Distribution System. History: Monocyclic Power. IEEE Power & Energy Society, accessed October 23, 2010 .
- ↑ a b c HVDC transformer details . Siemens. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ a b c d e f ROLE OF THREE GORGES - CHANGZHOU HVDC IN INTERCONNECTING CENTRAL AND EAST CHINA (PDF; 158 kB) FIG . Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Working Group on HVDC and FACTS Bibliography and Records: HVDC PROJECTS LISTING . In: IEEE Transmission and Distribution Committee . July 7, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ http://www.dsius.com/cet/HVDCinChina_EPRI2013_HVDC.pdf
- ↑ China to Construct High-Voltage Transmission System Between Yunnan, Guangdong . In: Penton Media Inc. (Ed.): Transmission & Distribution World . June 11, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ The Three Gorges – Guangdong HVDC link . June 2005. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ THE SECOND 1 x 500 MW HVDC BACK-TO-BACK INTERCONNECTION AT VIZAG (PDF; 79 kB) Retrieved December 2008.
- ^ Joerg Dorn, Dietmar Retzmann, Cristen Schimpf, Dag Soerangr: HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and Advanced Grid Access . In: EPRI HVDC conference 2007-09-13 to 14 . November 6, 2007, p. 44. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ [ http://www.ptd.siemens.de/B4-202.pdf APPLICATION OF THE GRID POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (GPFC) IN A BACK TO BACK PROJECT details] (PDF; 1.2 MB) Siemens. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ What is Neptune RTS? . Archived from the original on May 26, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
- ↑ a b http://www.nari-relays.com/en/files/HVDC%20Control%20and%20Protection%20Solutions.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Peter Riedel, Kumar, Devinder (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kölz, Andreas (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kuhn, Matthias (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar (Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd, Gurgaon-122001 (Haryana), India, IND): BASIC DESIGN ASPECTS OF 2500 MW BALLIA-BHIWADI 2500 MW HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (abstract) . In: 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry (CEPSI), Macau / China, October 27-31, 2008 . September 3, 2008. Accessed on December 19, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The 400 kV Storebælt HVDC Project
- ↑ For the private investor Adani Power Limited (APL), Siemens Energy is building a bipolar 500 kV HVDC transmission system in India for an output of 2,500 MW. From February 2011, the HVDC system is to transfer electrical power over around 960 kilometers from a coal-fired power station near the port city of Mundra on India's west coast to the industrial regions of the state of Haryana near New Delhi.
- ^ Southern Hami-Zhengzhou ± 800kV UHVDC Transmission Project, Second Xinjiang-Northwest Main Grid 750kV HVDC Transmission Line Start Construction to Build the Silk Road of Electricity Connecting the Western Frontier with the Central Plains . State Grid Corporation website . Retrieved May 8, 2014.
- ↑ POWERGRID Corporation of India Limited: National Power Grid Development Investment Program (Facility Concept): Resettlement Planning Document Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Asian Development Bank . August 2007. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
- ^ Siemens wins work on Nemo Link . In: 4coffshore , June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ NSN Link . Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ↑ NordE.ON 1 Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: FIG . August. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
- ^ IEEE PES; HVDC Systems and Trans-Bay Cable (PDF; 8.3 MB) March 16, 2005. Accessed September 16, 2009.
- ↑ Siemens receives order from transpower to connect offshore wind farms via HVDC link
- ↑ Siemens receives order from transpower to connect offshore wind farms via HVDC link
- ^ NSN Link . Retrieved July 24, 2015.
- ↑ France and Ireland sign 700MW link deal . In: Windpower Offshore , July 25, 2016, accessed on July 25, 2016.
- ↑ Schymroch; High voltage direct current transmission; Teubner; Stuttgart 1985