List of Nengo

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Nengō are names for an era according to the Japanese calendar .

Before 645, the year was followed by the ascension to the throne of the respective ruler. The Tennō at least up to Nintoku are legendary. The year counts up to Suiko are only traditional and, outside of the oldest imperial chronicles , can hardly be scientifically proven.

The table shows the year according to the Gregorian calendar in which the era began.

To determine the year according to the Gregorian calendar from the Japanese year, look for the first year of the nengō (= era name) in the list , subtract 1 and add the Japanese year number. For example, the 23rd year of the Shōwa era (Shōwa 23) according to the western calendar is 1926 - 1 + 23 = 1948.

List of eras

Accession to the throne without nengo

Nengo

  • 645 大化 Taika
  • 650 白 雉 Hakuchi
  • 654 廃 止 abolished
  • 686 朱 鳥 Shuchō also Suchō
  • 686 廃 止 abolished
  • 701 大 宝 Taihō also Daihō
  • 704 慶雲 Keiun
  • 708 和 銅 Wadō

March 11, 708: Order to move to the Heijō-kyō by Empress Gemmei (took place in 710). Beginning of the Nara period .

November 18, 794 Kammu Tennō moves into the palace in Kyoto. Beginning of the Heian period .

August 21, 1192 Minamoto Yoritomo was officially appointed Shogun . Beginning of the Kamakura shogunate .

In the following years of the Namboku-chō time there were two competing imperial courts with their own count of the eras.

Namboku-chō South Courtyard

Namboku-chō North Courtyard

After the reunification of the two imperial courts

March 24, 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu is appointed Shogun. Beginning of the Tokugawa Shogunate .

January 4, 1868 Resignation of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu and "return" of power to the Tennō.

The first year of a period - which does not coincide with the western calendar - is called the gannen ( 元年 ). That means z. B. 1989 is until January 7th = Shōwa 64 , then Heisei gannen .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Dettmer: Introduction to the Study of Japanese History . Darmstadt 1984, p. 53.
  2. ↑ Dettmer, 1984, p. 51

literature

  • Hans Dettmer: List of reigns and era designations. A revision . In: Oriens extremus . tape 28 , 1981, pp. 232-49 .