Maar (Lauterbach)

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Maar
City of Lauterbach
Coat of arms of Maar
Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 36 ″  N , 9 ° 23 ′ 24 ″  E
Height : 314 m above sea level NHN
Area : 21.12 km²
Residents : 1519  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 72 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 36341
Maar from the air
Maar from the air
Bilskuppe
Memorial stone for the 750th anniversary with the "Määrer" coat of arms

Maar is the largest district of Lauterbach (Hesse) , the district town of the central Hessian Vogelsberg district .

geography

Maar is about 285–413 m above sea level. The district is framed by several hills. The highest elevations are the Hälsberg with 413 m above sea level, the Bilskuppe with 403 m above sea level and the Ossenberg with 394 m above sea level.

The Bilskuppe, popularly just called Bil , and the Ossenberg are made of basalt rock . As the name suggests, the Kalkberg is made of limestone . In some places in the district Maar sand to find. It is to this fact that the “Määrer” owe their nickname “Sandhasen”.

history

Maar is first mentioned in a document in 1253. The place name suggests "Mohara", a water-rich place or a swamp area . The age of the settlement cannot be perfectly determined. It can be assumed, however, that the place is much older than the documents indicate, because the barren areas in the Vogelsberg are likely to have been settled much later than the fertile areas of the Lauterbach trench from Maar to Müs. Settlements in the Vogelsberg were mentioned as early as 800.

Disappeared villages

In the Middle Ages , other places were mentioned in the Maar district that no longer exist today. In the 13th century there were at least six other settlements in the Maar district: Boln, Diemerod, Enzenrod, Epsrod, Immenrod, Meirod. According to tradition, the places Brüglos and Bennerode should also have existed. However, no documents are available for these locations.

The reason for the demise of the villages could not be exactly reconstructed until today. It is believed that economic reasons for agriculture, population migration to the cities, and ultimately the plague were the main reasons behind the decline.

Among the feudal lords

The village was initially owned by the Lords of Wartenberg, later it belonged to the Count of Ziegenhain and then to the Riedesel area. In 1806 Maar became Hessian . It was the second largest village in the old district of Lauterbach and in 1854 had 1142 inhabitants. They were farmers, settlers and small farmers who also worked as craftsmen or workers. There were sand pits and lime kilns .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Maar in 1830:

"Maar (L. Bez. Lauterbach) evangel. Parish village; is 1 ⁄ 2 St. from Lauterbach, and belongs to the Baron von Riedesel, has 157 houses and 987 inhabitants, who are Protestant apart from 1 Catholics. The place, which is the seat of the tax inspector for the Lauterbach district, has a church that was finished in 1827, a school house and an uninhabited hunter's house in the forest. In the district there are quarries of limestone that are burned in Lauterbach, as well as pits that deliver white sand. "

After the world wars

Basalt was mined on the Bilkuppe and processed into gravel after the Second World War . On the western slope of this elevation, young people got to know gliding . In 1910 Maar had 1178 inhabitants, in 1991 there are around 1650, today in 2007 over 1800. Many of them worked as weavers . Due to the influx of many expellees , the number of residents rose to 1805 in 1948. In addition to the spacious main street with its many half-timbered houses, Schulstrasse with its art nouveau teachers' houses is remarkable.

The incorporation into the city of Lauterbach

As a result of the emerging administrative and territorial reform in Hesse , it was planned in 1971 to merge the Alsfeld and Lauterbach districts and to form new large communities instead of the many individual communities . The municipality of Maar should be incorporated into the city of Lauterbach. In order to maintain communal independence, however, plans were forged in Maar to found their own large municipality with the villages of Maar, Wallenrod, Wernges and Reuters. After these plans finally failed due to resistance from individual localities, the municipal council of Maar decided on August 10, 1971 with 10 to 2 votes to voluntarily join the city of Lauterbach on December 31, 1971. On this date, the self-government of the municipality of Maar ended and a new era began on the side of the city of Lauterbach. On September 10, 1971, the border change and dispute agreement between the district town of Lauterbach and the municipality of Maar was signed. For Maar, as for the other municipalities incorporated by the regional reform, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Maar was located or the administrative units to which it was subject:

Population development

• 1795: 796 inhabitants
• 1800: 796 inhabitants
• 1806: 870 inhabitants, 142 houses
• 1829: 987 inhabitants, 157 houses
• 1867: 1083 inhabitants, 162 houses
Maar: Population from 1785 to 2015
year     Residents
1785
  
 796
1800
  
 796
1806
  
 870
1829
  
 987
1834
  
 995
1840
  
 1,031
1846
  
 1,118
1852
  
 1,142
1858
  
 1,145
1864
  
 1,095
1871
  
 1,121
1875
  
 1,100
1885
  
 1,142
1895
  
 1,126
1905
  
 1,175
1910
  
 1,175
1925
  
 1,150
1939
  
 1,289
1946
  
 1,758
1950
  
 1,864
1956
  
 1,659
1961
  
 1,630
1967
  
 1,596
1970
  
 1,602
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2003
  
 1,732
2005
  
 1,695
2010
  
 1,641
2011
  
 1,623
2015
  
 1,561
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 986 Protestant and one Catholic resident
• 1961: 1384 Protestant (= 84.91%), 208 Catholic (= 12.76%) residents

politics

The mayor is Herbert Feick (as of November 2016) .

Town twinning

In 1968 the Maar municipal council decided to seek a partnership with a French municipality. He made contacts with Cahuzac-sur-Vère , a 1100-inhabitant community in the middle of a large wine-growing area, approx. 70 km from Toulouse . After mutual visits, it was decided to give the relationship documentary weight. Finally, on November 21, 1971, in a ceremony in the town hall of Cahuzac, the twinning certificate was signed by the two mayors. This partnership continues to this day and is kept alive by regular visits.

Culture and sights

Buildings

General Tilly at the town hall in Maar

Michaelskirche

In the Middle Ages a stone church was built in Maar , in which the Lauterbach pastors or chaplains held an early mass every Sunday. The church had to be enlarged significantly in 1585, but after 200 years it had become dilapidated. In 1827 the impressive Michael’s Church was inaugurated after almost 45 years of construction. The oldest bell in Maar, with the inscription of the four evangelists , has survived all wars and is said to date from the 14th century . Other older bells were repeatedly melted down for war purposes (building cannons).

Community pub

The Maarer parish inn has existed since around 1500. This emerges from a letter from Archbishop Jakob von Mainz to the brothers Hermann and Theodor Riedesel. The landlord of the community inn had the right to hold the fair alone. But he had this high expenditure, he had yet to priest, mayor, teachers, two level wine , village guards and herdsmen each a measure of beer and the boys two measures of brandy to pour. Until 1870 the community inn was used for social gatherings and to quench the thirst of the Maarers. From then until 1968 it served first as a school building and then as a town hall . The carved figure above the school door is supposed to represent a soldier who shot and killed a Maar farmer in front of the inn during the Thirty Years' War and was then hung up on the orders of General Tilly . At the corner of the school house there is another figure who is supposed to represent Tilly herself.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Maar is directly on the federal highway 254 . The next motorway entrance is in Alsfeld ( A5 ).

education

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Maar, Vogelsberg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Population figures according to districts. (PDF; 55 kB) In: Internat appearance. City of Lauterbach, archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 169 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 368 .
  5. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 30 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Lauterbach, accessed March 2019 .
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Lauterbach center based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567–1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 24 point d) XI. A. ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  234 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1795, p.  194 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  192 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 56 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  15. ↑ Mayor in the districts. In: Internet presence. City of Lauterbach, accessed on May 22, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Maar  - collection of images, videos and audio files