Chlum Svaté Maří

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Chlum Svaté Maří
Coat of arms of Chlum Svaté Maří
Chlum Svaté Maří (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Sokolov
Area : 470 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 9 '  N , 12 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '59 "  N , 12 ° 32' 8"  E
Height: 539  m nm
Residents : 273 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 357 54
License plate : K
traffic
Street: Kaceřov - Citice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Miroslav Hrůza (as of 2019)
Address: náměstí JW Goetheho 26
357 09 Chlum Svaté Maří
Municipality number: 560375
Website : www.chlumsvatemari.cz
Location of Chlum Svaté Maří in the Sokolov district
map

Chlum Svaté Maří , 1960–1990 Chlum nad Ohří (German Maria Kulm ) is the most important Marian pilgrimage site in Egerland . The municipality is located three kilometers north of the town of Kynšperk nad Ohří ( Königsberg ad Eger ) on the left of the Eger and belongs to the Okres Sokolov .

geography

The place is at the northern foot of the Kaiserwald at 539 m above sea level. M. in the West Bohemian spa triangle . Neighboring towns are Bukovany u Sokolova and Dasnice in the east, Horní Pochlovice and Kaceřov u Kynšperka nad Ohří in the west and Lítov and Habartov in the north. Lignite was mined north of the village, and today there is an opencast mine landscape.

history

Kulm, a place mentioned in legends and sagas in the southern foothills of the Ore Mountains , was first mentioned in a document in 1341, but is probably older and possibly dates from pre-Christian, West Slavic times as a place for those seeking help and hiding place for those persecuted by a knight von Katzengrün one crew were captured and later executed.

Since the 13th century there has been a wooden chapel with a statue of the Virgin Mary, seated on a chair, with an apple in her right hand and a child in her left hand who grabs the apple with both hands Century. In place of the chapel, a wooden church of the Assumption of Mary and St. Magdalena . After the church was burned down by the Hussites in 1429 , a Heinrich von Reißengrün had a stone church built. In the course of the 15th century, Kulm developed into a town with a few houses.

The place came into the possession of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star , who established a provost . In 1651 Archbishop and Grand Master Ernst Adalbert von Harrach raised it to a market town with the right to use its own coat of arms. The parish was raised to the status of provost by the archbishop and grand master Johann Friedrich von Waldstein . In 1666 the Lords of the Cross erected a commander in the southeast; In 1690 the construction of the pilgrimage church began in the Baroque style . The Maria Kulm building group was completed in 1728 and had space for 4,300 worshipers. The old spot Kulm was henceforth called Rauenkulm . In the course of the 19th century, Maria Kulm and Rauenkulm grew together into one place. Three crusaders from Prague were responsible for the constant care of the locals and the pilgrims, who reached 30,000 participants a year. The main festival was at Pentecost. 6500 communions were donated annually.

After the Munich Agreement , the place was added to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the district of Falkenau an der Eger .

The residents of the town were Germans after the end of World War II largely driven . During the rule of communism , from 1948 onwards, the church was severely neglected. The official name of the village was changed to Chlum nad Ohří . After the Velvet Revolution , the Marian pilgrimages were resumed by believers from the Upper Palatinate and the Czech Republic and a support association was established. With the support of donations, urgent repairs were carried out in the church between 2001 and 2006, including on the organ. In May 2007 a concept was drawn up for the redevelopment of the entire complex, which was in great need of redevelopment.

On the southern outskirts of the village there is a stone observation tower on the Drsný vrch (570 m), which is not open to the public, with a view of the Egertal. A transmission system of the Czech radio is installed on this.

Culture and sights

Facade of the pilgrimage church
Inner courtyard of the pilgrimage church threatened by decay
Inner courtyard 2012

Sons and daughters of the place

Trivia

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited the place in 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1812. A memorial plaque on the house opposite the church reminds of this. The native Egerland writer Herta Huber named her book “Maria Kulm” after the village.

literature

  • Rudolf Sitka: The places of grace of the Sudetenland. Dedicated in pious reverence to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary in the Marian Year 1954 . M. Renner Kempten im Allgäu, pp. 44–47 Maria Kulm with the sections: The history of the pilgrimage site; The pilgrimage church; The image of grace, with a reference, a photo of the altar and a location from 1945
  • Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-183-X
  • Johannes Urzidil : Goethe in Böhmen, German Book Association Berlin - Darmstadt - Vienna, there: Maria Kulm place of pilgrimage between Eger and Karlsbad, numerous text passages in the index on page 533

Web links

Commons : Chlum Svaté Maří  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560375/Chlum-Svate-Mari
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Die Räuber vom Maria Kulm , play by Heinrich E. Kuno, Reclam Universal Library, Leipzig
  4. ↑ Travel Green of Green Let?
  5. ↑ The Egerland had been pledged to the Kingdom of Bohemia as an imperial pledge since 1322, but while maintaining its constitutional independence, so that this settlement of this knightly order was its only one in Germany.