Mykolaiv

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Mykolaiv
Миколаїв
Mykolaiv Coat of Arms
Mykolaiv (Ukraine)
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv
Basic data
Oblast : Mykolaiv Oblast
Rajon : District-free city
Height : 42 m
Area : 259.83 km²
Residents : 493,583 (2016)
Population density : 1,900 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 54xxx
Area code : +380 512
Geographic location : 46 ° 58 ′  N , 31 ° 59 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  N , 31 ° 59 ′ 27 ″  E
KOATUU : 4810100000
Administrative structure : 4 city ​​racks
Mayor : Yuriy Hranaturov
Address: Адміральська 20
54009, м. Миколаїв
Website : www.gorsovet.mk.ua
Statistical information
Mykolaiv (Mykolaiv Oblast)
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv
i1

Mykolaiv ( Ukrainian Миколаїв ; Russian Николаев Nikolajew ) is a city in southern Ukraine with about 500,000 inhabitants. Mykolaiv is the capital of Mykolaiv Oblast at the confluence of the Southern Bug with the Inhul in the Black Sea coastal area. Both rivers encompass, 25 km above the confluence with the sea, in an arc extending far to the west from northeast to south, the core of the city, which is located on an approximately 20 m high plateau. Mykolaiv is the cultural center of the area with universities and theaters , the city itself is predominantly Russian-speaking.

Odessa is 100 km to the west, the port city of Kherson 60 km to the south-east. It was not until some time after the end of the Second World War that the pontoon / ship bridges over the Bug and Inhul were replaced by fixed bridges with rotating parts for the passage of sea and war ships. The city is divided into four Stadtrajone Rajon Zavod , Rajon Korabel , Rajon Inhul and Rajon Central .

The 79th Airmobile Brigade of the Ukrainian Army is stationed in the city .

The asteroid (8141) Nikolaev , discovered by NS Tschernych at the Crimean Observatory on September 20, 1982 , was named after the city.

economy

Mykolaiv is an industrial center with mechanical engineering for the agricultural and construction industries, light and food industries and a nuclear power plant near the city. The city was the most important shipbuilding location in the Soviet Union and today, as the maritime center of Ukraine, has three large shipyards , a port on the bow and a naval base on the Inhul, as well as a shipbuilding academy . In winter, the port and naval base can be kept free by using icebreakers .

The city is only connected to the railway network to the north and northeast. Mykolaiv Airport ( IATA airport code : NLV) is located just under 10 km northwest of the city center . The international M 14 highway runs through the city and crosses the Southern Bug over the Varvarivka Bridge .

history

Map of the city, 1855.
Microrayon in Mykolaiv

In the Sixth Turkish War from 1787 to 1792 Russia conquered the northwest coast of the Black Sea, which had been under Ottoman suzerainty. Even before the Peace of Jassy , Tsarina Catherine II founded the city ​​of Nikolayev on September 7, 1789 as a new naval base and admiralty (until 1898) of the Black Sea Fleet near an old Greek settlement. The governor general Prince Potjomkin commissioned the brigadier Mikhail Faleev, the "first citizen of the city", with the construction of the city and a shipyard. In 1897 a tram was opened in the village, which is still a pillar of local public transport today. During the October pogroms in 1905, the mob devastated much of the city's Jewish quarters and murdered nine Jews.

From 1941 to 1944 Nikolayev was occupied by the German Wehrmacht . Already at the beginning of the occupation, almost all Jewish residents - they made up about 15 to 20% of the city's population - were murdered by the SS . From April 1942 to November 1943 the Stalag 364 was relocated from Rzeszów, Poland, to Nikolajew. During the fighting and demolitions when the Red Army withdrew in 1941 and the Germans in 1944, the two shipyards in particular were largely destroyed in the city. Immediately after the city was retaken by the Red Army in the spring of 1944, reconstruction began, primarily at the two shipyards , using German, Hungarian and Romanian prisoners of war and Soviet forced laborers . The large POW camp 126 with two departments in the vicinity of the two shipyards, occupied by up to 10,000 prisoners of different nationalities, existed until May 1949.

population

According to the 2001 census, 72.7% of the population are ethnic Ukrainians and 23.1% are ethnic Russians. Mykolaiv is one of the parts of Ukraine where Russian dominates . 56.81% stated Russian as their mother tongue and 42.17% Ukrainian. Some independent statistics reported higher numbers of native Russian speakers. A study from 2004 put the number of preferentially Russian-speaking population in the entire oblast at 66%. Since 2012, Russian has been an official regional language again in the entire Mykolaiv region, alongside Ukrainian.

Population development

Number of inhabitants
year 1897 1923 1926 1939 1959 1970 1979 1989 2001 2005 2012 2016
Residents 92.012 82.264 101.182 168,676 226.207 331.037 439.915 502.776 514.136 509.011 497.032 493,583

Source:

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

Web links

Commons : Mykolaiv  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mykolaiv in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
  2. ^ Leo Motzkin : The dimensions of the October pogroms (1905) . In: Zionist Aid Fund - Commission to Investigate the Pogroms (Ed.): The Jewish Pogroms in Russia , Vol. 1: General Part . Jüdischer Verlag, Cologne 1910. pp. 187–223, here p. 199 and p. 217–223 (chapter The Russian Bureaucracy and the Pogrom Organization ). Leo Motzkin published his study under the pseudonym A. Linden . See also: Wolfgang Benz : Devastations. The October 1905 pogroms in Russia . In: grandstand. Journal for Understanding Judaism , Vol. 44 (2005), Issue 175, pp. 99-108.
  3. ↑ http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=19A050501_02_048&ti=19A050501_02_048.%20%D0%EE%E7%EF%EE%E4%B3%EB%20%ED% E0% F1% E5% EB% E5% ED% ED% FF% 20% E7% E0% 20% F0% B3% E4% ED% EE% FE% 20% EC% EE% E2% EE% FE,% 20 % CC% E8% EA% EE% EB% E0% BF% E2% F1% FC% EA% E0% 20% EE% E1% EB% E0% F1% F2% FC% 20% 281,2,3,4 % 29 & path = .. / Database / Census / 05/01 / & lang = 1 & multilang = uk
  4. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / linc.com.ua
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.analitik.org.ua
  6. ↑ Population figures on pop-stat.mashke.org
  7. ↑ «Mykolayiv - Moscow», Nikolaev City Council ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gorsovet.mk.ua
  8. ↑ "Bursa - Moscow", Nikolaev City Council ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gorsovet.mk.ua