Nečujam

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Nečujam
Nečujam (Croatia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 43 ° 23 ′ 2 "  N , 16 ° 19 ′ 29"  E
Basic data
State : Croatian flag Croatia
County : Split-Dalmatia County flag Split-Dalmatia
Island : Šolta
Height : 0  m. i. J.
Residents : 173 (2011)
Telephone code : (+385) 021
Postal code : 21430 Grohote
License plate : ST
Structure and administration
(as of 2017)
Community type : Village
Mayor : Nikola Cecić-Karuzić (candidate Grupe Birača)
Postal address : Podkuća 8
Grohote
Website :
Podkamenica

Nečujam is a bay and scattered settlement on the island or municipality of Šolta in the Croatian Split-Dalmatia County in the Adriatic opposite Split west of Brač . Nečujam belongs to Grohote and is the youngest town on the island, currently with 173 inhabitants.

geography

Nečujam at OpenStreetMap
Apartment settlement in Supetar
A rotating hotel was to be built on the headland

The place is connected to the mainland ( Split ) by car ferries and catamaran ferries via Rogač or Stomorska . It is 7.2 km from the island's main town, Grohote on the D111 state road. Buses run from Rogač to Nečujam. The area around the north-east open bay, which is approx. 1.8 km long, belongs to the place. It is divided into the eight smaller sub-bays Bok Supetra, Šumpjivina, Podkamenica, Maslinica, Tiha, Bok od rata, Piškera and Supetar. In Supetar there is the town center with tourist information, a small supermarket, some restaurants, a church, post office and about 30 private quarters.

tourism

Ruins of St. Peter's Church
Anchovy fishermen of the Cecić family vlg. Bilini in the Podkamenica

Nečujam is a tourist center on the island of Šolta . Fishing or agriculture no longer play a role today. The scattered settlement consists mainly of vacation homes, mostly from Spliters or Slovenes . The only apartment complex on the island so far, an economically unsuccessful project, is now in Slovenian ownership and is located in the Supetar Bay. In 2009, a large, futuristic project by the Richard Hywel Evans architectural firm caused a sensation. An extensive marina with a jetty over the Piškera with a rotating hotel was to be built on the headland between Podkamenica and Maslinica, where every room should have a sea view. So far no investor has been found. A villa complex with eleven houses is currently being built on part of the planned site, opposite the bays Podkamenica and Maslinica.

The "thoughtless spatial planning and the construction of new tourist zones" is criticized. New projects would not take into account the typical architecture of the island or would not be of any benefit to the island due to the demographic situation (lack of workers).

Neighboring residents complain that a large number of yachts anchor in the bay, especially on the summer weekends. There would be noise pollution at night and sewage is not dumped in the ports, but here. The coast guard has too few personnel to adequately control the many yachts anchored in Nečujam.

history

On the right the fisherman's house for the anchovy production of the Cecić family
Bunja with a sea view in the Piškera

In 1353 Nečujam was first mentioned in writing as the vale de Naçue . The Croatian poet Marko Marulić cited the adoption of the Latin Vallis surda , the deaf or quiet bay, as the origin of the name in the 16th century . Of the eight bays, six have old Croatian names, Bok Supetra, Šumpjivina, Podkamenica, Maslinica, Tiha and Bok od rata. Piškera and Supetar are of Italian-Roman origin.

According to local lore about the Piškera, at the time of the Roman Emperor Diocletian there was a fish reservoir in which live fish were kept until the next orgy . Diocletian had a fantastic palace built in Split as a retirement home . This is not archaeologically secure, but the legend is probably due to the numerous remains of building walls in the water around the island, as the sea level has risen by about 1.7 m in the last 2000 years. There are also remains of a villa rustica with graves and ceramic fragments in the Piškera . Silver coins from the Roman emperors Claudius and Valens were also found at Pod Vela gomila . In Podkamenica there is a stretch of coast between the old houses directly on the shore, on which limestone blocks for olive oil vessels were carved in ancient times, from which the name of the bay derives. In the middle of the 14th century, salt pans were created in this wide and well-protected bay . In the westernmost bay, three hundred meters from the beach in Mala Maslinica, there is a tower house in which the day laborers of the Split aristocrats lived. It is named after the last owner, Krušević. The island of Šolta was owned by the Split nobility and the Catholic Church from the 14th century to 1905 . The proximity to the city, approx. 17 km by boat, made the island an important supplier of wood, lime, meat, fish, oil, wine, almonds, carob , figs and honey.

There are several prehistoric barrows and traces of the Illyrians on the island of Šolta . Possibly the Bunja, a simple round stone building in the Piškera, is the oldest building in Nečujam. Many ancient finds from the island are exhibited in the Split Archaeological Museum. While people settled on the coast at the time of the almost millennial Roman peace, life on the coast became more dangerous again in the Middle Ages. Since Šolta was in the border area between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice , the danger of looting and raids, especially by the pirates of Omiš, was great, which is why there were only places in the interior of the island for centuries.

The center of today's scattered settlement Necujam is in the Supetar Bay. Here is a small church dedicated to St. Peter is consecrated. The church ruins next to it date from the 15th century. A small apse is clearly visible . The door threshold could come from late antiquity. The "father of Croatian literature" Marko Marulić stayed in the immediate vicinity from 1510 to 1512 in Dujam Balistrić's house. Years after his death, the polymath Petar Hektorović followed his footsteps. He wrote on the only trip of his life, he lived in Stari Grad on the neighboring island of Hvar , about this whereabouts of Marulić his most important work "Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje" (Eng. "Fisheries and the dialogues of fishermen"). On the basis of his quasi-ethnographic observations, he tried to portray the dialogues of fishermen in their everyday language in the form of an epic poem. The work was completed on January 14, 1566 and printed in Venice in 1568 . In his three-part work, in a letter to Cousin, he describes a three-day boat trip with the fishermen Paskoje Debelja and Nikola Zet from Hvar. The work is the first realistic, secular travelogue in the Croatian language that describes the landscape and beauties of nature. The ribanje are one of the earliest records of Croatian folk music. A memorial column next to the mooring in front of the house commemorates him. Legend has it that he brought gingerbread to Šolta, which is also made here with carob, honey, oil and the dessert wine prošek . The degree of hardness of the gingerbread used to be used for popular weather forecasting. Crispness and hardness showed nice weather and bora (north wind), softness on the other hand rain and Jugo, the Scirocco (south wind).

Ancient ceramics and stone paving were found around the church. From a medieval document it can be concluded that there was a Benedictine monastery here, which was dedicated to Saints Peter, Cyprian and Boniface . During the construction of the apartment complex in Supetar, a modest necropolis was found with burial in amphorae or under roof tiles . Most of the land in Supetar Bay belonged to the St. Stephen's Brotherhood of Grohote and was divided among its members in 1920.

The tourist development of Šolta began in the interwar period mainly in Nečujam and Rogač . A pioneering family were the Baltermus from Poland, who restored Dujam Balistrić's dilapidated house and opened a small hotel. In addition, they built a little church in honor of the Polish Black Madonna of Czestochowa . The house and chapel stand immediately to the right of today's apartment complex and, like many other properties, were expropriated during the communist era under Tito's People 's Republic of Yugoslavia . In the real socialist state , attempts were made to find work for the residents of Šolta. For some time there was an injection molding plant in Supetar, but it could not be operated profitably.

The great forest fire of 2007 in the eastern part of the island, which burned 70 hectares of pine forests and bushes, exposed a whole network of burial mounds, former olive groves and vineyards and the remains of lime kilns (earth pits) and only barely spared Nečujam.

Fishing

Piškera
Last traces of the forest fire from 2007

Until the 1970s, anchovy fishing was a main occupation and source of income for many families on Šolta. The "pod sviču" method was used to fish. Fishing boats with kerosene lamps mounted on them went out to sea in a convoy during the night. With the right light situation, a bright full moon was not allowed in the sky, more anchovies could be caught in the nets on good nights than the simple boats of the Leuti or Gajete type could transport. Boats were expensive, so fishermen from poor families hired boat owners as crews. The Cecić family, who lived in Grohote, had a fisherman's house about 2 km from the village. The house had a store upstairs for the lamps and fishing nets. The crew slept here too. In the lower part, wooden barrels were filled with anchovies and salt. The barrels were weighed down with concrete cones and stored until the maturation process was complete. That was quite a smelly affair, with a liquid called "salamura" leaking out, which was drained from the house into the sea through concrete gutters. The prototype happened after the Second World War . The independent fishermen were called capitalists by the Yugoslav communists , the rowboats were expropriated and the owners were imprisoned on the island of Goli otok for political reasons . The anchovy fishery was later tolerated by the communists, but made more difficult. No electricity was initiated in Pod Kamenica. The fishermen had a special license and bought cheap petroleum. However, the fish stocks declined more and more due to overfishing in the Adriatic. This method was still used for fishing until the early 1970s. They switched to lobster and lobster farming. In the meantime there is almost only hobby fishing. In the post-war period, it soon became apparent that tourism became an interesting source of income. The Cecic family took out a loan in Italy and built a guest house with a builder from Czechoslovakia. In the small hotel "Vela kuča" guests were quartered when the hotel in Nečujam was overcrowded. The concrete building in the 40-year look was not completed. A proper hotel operation was not possible without a power supply. Fish used to be the most important source of meat, because sheep farming did not play a major role on the island. As a recipe collection from the island shows, tuna , calamari as well as scampi and prawns were considered the finest seafood. The tuna is exterminated today. Other game fish are only found in small quantities and are mostly imported for gastronomy.

Demographics

The demographic development clearly shows the development towards a tourist destination. Since the turn of the millennium, the population has increased. The increase in population in the 1950s can be traced back to an injection molding factory that existed at the time.

Population development 1857–2011
1857 1869 1880 1890 1900 1910 1921 1931 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 19th 6th 0 0 80 173

literature

Web links

Commons : Nečujam  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistical yearbook for 2006 of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia (PDF; 2.5 MB)
  2. ↑ Welcome to Necujam! ( Memento from November 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Solta Island Resort: Europe's First Rotating Hotel. In: Architecture, Breakthrough Thinking, Globalism, Science & Technology News. www.impactlab.net, October 17, 2009, accessed on August 18, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Belamarič, Insel Šolta , Zagreb, 2011, p. 50.
  5. ^ Belamaric: Island of Šolta. Zagreb, 2011, p. 55.
  6. ↑ Maja Ettinger-Cecic: Mag.art Maja Ettinger-Cecic. August 13, 2019, accessed August 13, 2019 .
  7. ^ Belamaric: Island of Šolta. Zagreb, 2011, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Wikimedia Commons contributors: Category: Bunja in Maslinica Nečujam Šolta. Accessed August 13, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Split Archaeological Museum | German
  10. ^ Ante Kadić: Croatian Renaissance . In: Studies in the Renaissance . tape 6 , 1959, pp. 28-35, p. 34 , JSTOR : 2857180 .
  11. ^ Fishing and Fishermen's Talk
  12. ^ Belamaric: Island of Šolta. Zagreb, 2011, p. 70 f.
  13. ↑ For more photos see Commons | Šolta | Fishing
  14. ↑ Maja Ettinger-Cecić: Bilina. Eating pleasure art a Mediterranean island cookbook. Vienna, 2012, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-200-01794-8 .
  15. ^ Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857-2001. ; Statistical yearbook for 2006 of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Croatia (PDF; 2.5 MB)