Philosophical-theological University of Regensburg

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The Philosophical-Theological University of Regensburg was founded in 1923 in Regensburg from the Royal Bavarian Lyceum , which trained Roman Catholic clergy. In 1968 it was dissolved and incorporated into the newly founded University of Regensburg as the Catholic Theological Faculty .

history

Prehistory Lyceum

Forerunner of the philosophical-theological college (PTH) Regensburg was the 1588 from the Wittelsbach Duke Wilhelm V founded the Jesuits - school . From this a lyceum developed, which after the abolition of the Jesuit order in 1773 was converted into an "Episcopal Lyceum and Gymnasium". In the time of Prince Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg , the facility was called the “Archbishop's Lyceum” and was housed in the buildings of the Dominican monastery of St. Blaise, which was secularized in 1803 . After Regensburg fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, the lyceum was not dissolved like other episcopal institutions in Bavaria, but nationalized and run as the Royal Bavarian Lyceum. In the Bavarian Concordat of 1817 , state-funded priestly training was secured under state church law and the episcopal influence on training and professorships was regulated. In addition to Regensburg, there were lyceums in Amberg, Bamberg, Dillingen, Freising and Passau, each with a philosophical and a theological department. In addition to the PTH, prospective priesthood students also visited the episcopal seminary in Regensburg .

Change to a philosophical-theological university

After the fall of the Bavarian Kingdom and in accordance with the Weimar Constitution of 1919, the lycees were renamed philosophical-theological colleges and the priestly education was essentially continued as before. Even now, the PTHs had neither doctoral nor post-doctoral qualifications. Because the existing Concordat became obsolete with the fall of the monarchy, there was a renewed contractual arrangement between the Vatican and the Free State of Bavaria. In the Bavarian Concordat of 1924 , all essential provisions were renewed and the diocesan bishops were granted additional rights. According to Article 3 § 2, the local bishops could and can withdraw the license to teach ( Missio canonica ) from teachers who are already civil servants .

"If one of the teachers mentioned (...) should be objected to by the diocesan bishop because of his teaching or because of his moral behavior for valid reasons, the state government will immediately arrange for a replacement in another way, without prejudice to his civil servant rights."

- Bavarian Concordat 1924, Article 3, § 2 -

In terms of civil servant law, the professors of the PTHs were given the same status as those of the theological faculties at universities, but there was still no right to award doctorates. At that time the Regensburg PTH had six theological chairs.

time of the nationalsocialism

After the seizure of power by the National Socialists, the German Reich and the Vatican signed in July 1933, the Reich Concordat from. In it the state church law agreements of 1924 were renewed and the formation of priests confirmed under the authority of the bishops. In addition, Art. 19 of the Concordat agreed to explicitly protect the philosophical-theological universities.

At the beginning of April 1933, the National Socialist German Student Union called on the Regensburg PTH student body to take part in the campaign against the un-German spirit . The “leader of the student body”, the priesthood student Rupert Fochtner, replied on April 26th that one could not take part in the planned book burning “for reasons of time”.

“There will be no burning of Jewish literature because there is no such thing in our libraries. Our university has always been free of the Jewish spirit and will also be in the future, which apparently one cannot always say about the universities. "

- Rupert Fochtner, April 26, 1933-

On May 12, 1933, books by ostracized authors were burned on the Neupfarrplatz in Regensburg , allegedly “showing markedly Bolshevik, Marxist, international, pacifist and atheist tendencies” and primarily from the social democratic “People's Guard bookstore” and the private bookstore “Bücherkiste”.

In mid-November 1933, all the professors of the Regensburg PTH signed the confession of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state . At that time the prorector was Josef Engert and the rector Franz Heidingsfelder . On October 9, 1939, all Bavarian philosophical-theological universities were closed in accordance with an ordinance issued by the minister of culture .

PTH from 1945 until dissolution

After the Nazi regime was broken up, Regensburg belonged to the American zone of occupation ; the universities and colleges remained closed by order of the American military government from July 1945. In order to be able to reopen the PTHs as soon as possible, the Bavarian Ministry of Education, in coordination with the local bishops, suggested reinstating the old professorships. The American military government then asked them about their political attitudes and found them suitable. On November 15, 1945, teaching was resumed in Regensburg. It was not until the beginning of February 1947 that the PTH professors were examined more closely in accordance with the law for the liberation from National Socialism and militarism of March 5, 1946 and denazified by the German ruling chambers . According to the specifications of the American authorities, lecturers who were classified as “followers” ​​and “less stressed” should initially be excluded from teaching. The Regensburg PTH under Rector Josef Engert, however, delayed cooperation with the American authorities until it petered out. After the intervention of the Ministry of Culture, these restrictions were relaxed, whereupon the PTH Regensburg appointed several lecturers from the former German University in Prague , who had been classified as followers. For example the historian Anton Ernstberger . Lecturers from Regensburg who were involved in experiments with concentration camp prisoners during the Nazi era include the anatomist Anton Kiesselbach and the chemist Wolfgang Grassmann .

At the Philosophical-Theological University in Regensburg, between 1947 and 1954/55, around 3000 students were trained annually in addition to regular priesthood students to relieve the universities of Munich, Würzburg and Erlangen. In the winter semester of 1948/49, the PTH had its highest increase with 1516 enrollments. In the "Law on the Establishment of a Fourth State University" passed in July 1962, the dissolution of the PTH and the establishment of a theological faculty were also resolved. The latter began operations in the 1968 summer semester on the Mount of Olives, in the PTH buildings, and from 1971 moved to the premises of the newly built university.

Georg Schreiber , Ernst Schwarz , Bernhard Panzram , Bruno Stäblein and Ernst Rösser were among the professors at the philosophical-theological university .

The tradition of the Lyceum and the Philosophical-Theological University is kept in the Regensburg University Archives. It includes around 780 archival documents in around 500 units of description and also the register file from 1945 to 1968 with around 5,000 index cards. The oldest documents date from around 1815. The most recent documents date back to the time when the university was founded around 1967.

Well-known professors and students

Period of episcopal and royal high schools

Professors

  • Karl Theodor Andersen (1898–1974), Professor of Biology 1038 to 1946/47.
  • Ignaz von Weinhart SJ (1705–1787), professor of theology in Regensburg 1740–1742, from 1742 professor of mathematics at the University of Innsbruck
  • Karl Sardagna SJ (1731–1775), from 1768 professor of dogmatics and polemics
  • Karl Klocker OSB (1748–1805), after being recalled from the professorship for canon law at the University of Ingolstadt in 1789, he taught at the Lyceum in Regensburg and at the Abbey of Sankt Emmeram; 1796 abbot of his profession monastery in Benediktbeuern elected
  • Joseph Zenger (1757–1827), professor of philosophy 1792–1797
  • Placidus Heinrich OSB (1758–1825), 1791–1798 professorship in “natural science, physical experiments, astronomy and weather studies” at the University of Ingolstadt , from 1812 professorship in experimental physics at the Lyceum in Regensburg
  • David Heinrich Hoppe (1760–1846), from 1803 professor of botany; Founder and director of the Regensburg Botanical Society
  • Andreas Buchner (1776–1854), from 1804 professor of philosophy at the Lyceum in Dilingen, from 1811 professor of history at the Lyceum in Regensburg and from 1826 professor of Bavarian history at the University of Munich, member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
  • Ferdinand von Schmöger (1792–1864), teacher of mathematics and director of the observatory
  • Anton Rietter (1808–1866), from 1834 professor of moral theology at the Lyceum in Amberg, from 1842 at the Lyceum in Regensburg and from 1852 at the University of Munich
  • Franz Xaver Dirnberger (1809–1875), from 1834 professor of moral theology; from 1842 professor of pastoral theology at the University of Munich, from 1844 additionally professor of moral theology and director of the Georgianum
  • Wilhelm Karl Reischl (1818–1873), 1845 professor of dogmatics and biblical exegesis in Amberg, 1851 professor of church history and canon law in Regensburg, 1867 professor of moral theology at the University of Munich
  • Wilhelm Constantin Wittwer (1822–1908), from 1861 professor of natural history and curator of the observatory
  • Joseph Grimm (1827–1868), from 1856 professor of exegesis at the Lyceum in Regensburg, from 1874 professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Würzburg
  • Lorenz Kastner (1833–1919), from 1868 professor of philosophy
  • G. Anton Weber (1846 1915), from 1889 professor of church history, Christian archeology and Christian art
  • Friedrich Philipp von Abert (1852–1912), from 1885 professor of dogmatics, from 1890 at the University of Würzburg; from 1905 Archbishop of Bamberg
  • Sebastian Killermann (1870–1956), professor of natural science; Chair of the German Society for Mushroom Science
  • Franz Seraph Schaub (1870–1927), professor of church history and Bavarian constitutional and administrative law
  • Karl Stöckl (1873-1959); from 1919 professor of mathematics, physics and astronomy
  • Joseph Lippl (1876–1935), from 1914 Professor of Exegesis of the Old Testament, Biblical Hermeneutics and the Hebrew Language
  • Julius Krieg (1882–1941), from 1917 Associate Professor of Canon Law

Students and graduates

  • Gottlieb Christoph Harleß (1738–1815), classical philologist, philosopher and literary historian
  • Franz Joseph Weinzierl (1777–1829), cathedral preacher and cathedral acitular in Regensburg
  • Gregor von Scherr OSB (1804–1877), Abbot of the Metten Monastery and Archbishop of Munich-Freising
  • Bonifaz Wimmer OSB (1809–1887), founder and archabbot of St. Vincent Abbey in Pennsylvania / USA
  • Franz Xaver Reithmayr (1809–1872), professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Munich
  • Raymund Schlecht (1811–1891), director of the school teachers' seminar in Eichstätt
  • Joseph Schrems (1815–1872), cathedral music director in Regensburg
  • Joseph Amberger (1815–1889), from 1845 regens the seminary and lessons in pastoral theology in Regensburg, from 1852 cathedral chapter in Regensburg
  • Benedikt Braunmüller OSB (1825–1898), Abbot of Metten Monastery
  • Paul Kagerer (1833–1907), Provost and Vicar General in Regensburg
  • Joseph Lukas (1834–1878), member of the Bavarian State Parliament and the Customs Parliament
  • Franz Xaver Witt (1834–1888), church musician, teacher of choral singing, homiletics and catechetics at the clerical seminary in Regensburg
  • Andreas Niedermayer (1835–1872), administrator of the Teutonic Order Coming to Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen, writer and historian
  • Johann Baptist von Anzer SVD (1851–1903), Bishop of the German Mission to China in Shandong Province
  • Joseph Auer (1855–1911), priest and composer
  • Hermann Stadler (1861–1921), classical philologist and science historian
  • Franz Seraphim Lederer (1866–1939), member of the German Reichstag
  • Franz Xaver Kiefl (1869–1928), studied philosophy and theology in Regensburg 1889/90 (then at the University of Munich), professor of dogmatics and the history of dogma and rector at the University of Würzburg, cathedral capitular and dean in Regensburg
  • Johann Baptist Wirthmüller (1874–1905), private lecturer in Munich, from 1867 associate professor and from 1871 full professor of patrology, introductory theological studies, biblical hermeneutics and (from August 1872) New Testament exegesis at the University of Würzburg, from 1874 full professor of moral theology at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, from 1880 university preacher

Time of the Philosophical-Theological University

Professors

  • Michael Waldmann (1874–1953), from 1923 professor of moral theology, 1925–1928 university rector
  • Franz Heidingsfelder (1882–1942), historian; Professor of Church and Art History, 1937–1939 rector of the university
  • Josef Engert (1882–1964), professor of philosophy and rector of the university
  • Ernst Wolgast (1888–1959), constitutional and international law expert, 1947/1948 lecturer at the university
  • Ernst Schwarz (1895–1983), Germanist and literary scholar; Professor of German Language and Literature at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague ; after the expulsion in 1945 initially lecturer at the Philosophical-Theological University in Regensburg; from 1955 full professor for Germanic and German philology at the University of Erlangen
  • Helmut Berve (1896–1979), ancient historian, professor of ancient history at the Universities of Leipzig and Munich; Dismissed from university in 1945 because of his classification as a National Socialist activist; after being classified as a fellow traveler in 1949, associate professor at the Philosophical-Theological University of Regensburg; from 1954 professor in Erlangen; Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
  • Jakob Hommes (1898–1966), associate professor in 1953, professor from 1956 and rector of the university from 1959 to 1965
  • Karl Theodor Schäfer (1900–1974), associate professor at the university; from 1946 professor for New Testament exegesis at the University of Bonn
  • Joseph Ziegler (1902–1988), from 1946 professor of the Old Testament at the university, from 1948 at the University of Würzburg
  • Joseph Reuss (1904–1986), professor of New Testament exegesis, rector of the university; from 1964 professor for introductory biblical studies at the University of Würzburg
  • Heinz Fleckenstein (1905–1995), from 1945 professor of moral theology and from 1947 rector of the university; 1953 appointed professor for pastoral theology and homiletics at the University of Würzburg
  • Karl Hugo Strunz (1910–2006), teaching mineralogy at the university after World War II, from 1951 professor at the TU Berlin
  • Bernhard Panzram (1902–1998), from 1947 professor of canon law at the university, from 1954 at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
  • Otto Kuss (1905–1991), from 1946 professor for patrology at the university, from 1948 at the theological faculty in Paderborn, from 1960 professor for New Testament exegesis at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich
  • Franz Mußner (1916–2016), from 1965 professor for New Testament exegesis at the university, from 1967 at the newly established University of Regensburg
  • Ferdinand Ulrich (* 1931), from 1961 associate professor for philosophy at the university, from 1967 professor for philosophy at the newly established University of Regensburg

Students and graduates

  • Otto Schwerdt (1923–2007), chairman of the Jewish Community in Regensburg and the State Committee of the Jewish Community in Bavaria
  • Helmut Pigge (1919–2000), dramaturge and screenwriter
  • Karl Forster (1904–1963), composer, choir conductor and cathedral music director at St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin
  • Peter Gaeffke (1927–2005), linguist and indologist
  • Hans-Joachim Diesner (1922–1994), ancient historian
  • Walter Tröger (1926–2004), studied psychology and education; Professor at the University of Education, then the University of Regensburg
  • Vinzenz Guggenberger (1929–2012), auxiliary bishop in Regensburg
  • Gerhard Pfohl (1929–2016), studied classical philology in Regensburg, then in Munich; Professor of Medical History at the Technical University of Munich
  • Max Fischer (politician, 1927) (1927–2015), German politician
  • Wilhelm Schraml (* 1935), auxiliary bishop in Regensburg, bishop of Passau

literature

  • Andreas Becker: The records management of the Albertinum Lyceum and the Philosophical-Theological College as reflected in the tradition in the Regensburg University Archives , in: Negotiations of the Historical Association of Regensburg, Vol. 154, 2014, pp. 275-292
  • Karl Hausberger : Lyceum - Philosophical-Theological University - Clerical seminar. A foray through the history of the priestly training centers in Regensburg , in: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg, vol. 37, 2003, pp. 55–79.
  • Karl Hausberger: The Philosophical-Theological University of Regensburg in the time of National Socialism. An inventory. In: Paul Mai u. a .: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg. Vol. 40, Verlag des Verein für Regensburg Bishopric History, 2008.
  • Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 . Dissertation, University of Munich, 2003. [Electronic resource] 2004, 209 sheets - online resource PDF
  • University of Regensburg (ed.): Learned Regensburg - City of Science, Sites of Research through the Ages ; [Accompanying book to the exhibition of the University of Regensburg, the General Directorate of the Bavarian State Libraries, the Museums of the City of Regensburg from October 5 to November 19, 1995 in the City Gallery "Empty Bag", Museums of the City of Regensburg], Univ.-Verl. Regensburg, 1995.
  • Robert Werner: Brown spots on the priest's skirt. Studies on the denial and suppression of the Nazi past by the Regensburg theologians Josef Engert, Rudolf Graber and Theobald Schrems , Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-9814689-6-0 .

swell

  1. ^ Karl Hausberger: Lyceum - Philosophical-Theological University - Clerical seminar. A journey through the history of the priestly training centers in Regensburg , in: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg, vol. 37, 2003, p. 66.
  2. ^ Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 , 2003, p. 12.
  3. ↑ quoted from: Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 , 2003, p. 26.
  4. ^ Letter from the student body of the phil. theol. Regensburg University of Applied Sciences from April 26, 1933 , materials for book burning (call March 2014)
  5. ↑ "Our university has always been free of the Jewish spirit" , research by Robert Werner from May 14, 2013 on regensburg-digital , (last call from March 2014)
  6. ^ Karl Hausberger: The Philosophical-Theological University of Regensburg in the time of National Socialism. An inventory. In: Paul Mai u. a .: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg. Vol. 40, Verlag des Verein für Regensburg Bishopric History, 2008, p. 404.
  7. ^ Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 , 2003, p. 87.
  8. ^ Karl Hausberger: Lyzeum, Hochschule, Universität , in: Universität Regensburg (ed.): Gelehrtes Regensburg - City of Science , 1995, p. 190.
  9. ^ Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 , 2003, p. 96.
  10. ^ Ingo Schröder: The state philosophical-theological universities in Bavaria from 1923 to 1978 , 2003, p. 122.
  11. ↑ Florian Schmaltz: Warfare agent research in National Socialism: on cooperation between Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, the military and industry , (= History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in National Socialism, Volume 11), Wallstein Verlag, 2005, p. 298.
  12. ↑ Hans Jürgen Höller: A long history: The foundation of the University of Regensburg , in: University of Regensburg (ed.): Gelehrtes Regensburg - City of Science , 1995, p. 212.
  13. ↑ Andreas Becker: The records management of the Albertinum Lyceum and the Philosophical - Theological College as reflected in the tradition in the Regensburg University Archives . In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg . tape 154 . Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, 2014, ISSN  0342-2518 , p. 287 .