Flame flowers
Flame flowers | ||||||||||||
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Tall herbaceous phlox ( Phlox paniculata ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
phlox | ||||||||||||
L. |
Phlox , better known by its botanical name Phlox (from ancient Greek φλόξ phlox , German , flame ' ), is a genus within the family of polemoniaceae (Polemoniaceae). Varieties of some phlox species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants in temperate areas almost worldwide .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Phlox species are rarely annual, usually herbaceous plants of several years . The mostly opposite, more rarely alternate leaves are simple. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
There are panicles or little head-like inflorescences formed. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . There are five sepals . The five white, blue, purple or red petals are fused together like a saucer. The five stamens are fused with the corolla at different heights. Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown; the placentation is central angled.
Fissure-column capsule fruits are formed.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Phlox occurs mainly in North America , but also in North Asia to European Russia .
There are around 70 species in the genus Phlox (selection):
- Phlox adsurgens Torr. ex A.Gray : It occurs in the US states of Oregon and California .
- Phlox alyssifolia Greene : It is found in Canada and the western United States.
- Phlox andicola Nutt. ex A.Gray : It occurs in the USA.
- Phlox austromontana Coville : It occurs in the western USA and in Mexico (Baja California).
- Two-column phlox ( Phlox bifida L.C.Beck ): It occurs in the USA ( Indiana , Michigan , Illinois , Kansas , Missouri , Wisconsin , Arkansas , Kentucky , Tennessee ).
- Phlox borealis Wherry (also referred to as variety var. Borealis (Wherry) B. Boivin to Phlox sibirica L. ): It occurs in Alaska and Northeast Canada.
- Phlox bryoides Nutt. : It occurs in the western USA.
- Phlox buckleyi Wherry : It is only found in Virginia and West Virginia .
- Phlox caespitosa Nutt. : It occurs in Idaho , Montana , Oregon and Washington and possibly also in British Columbia.
- Phlox carolina L .: It occurs in the eastern USA to northeast Texas .
- Phlox cuspidata Scheele : It occurs only in Oklahoma and Texas.
- Phlox diffusa Benth. : It occurs in Canada ( British Columbia , Alberta ) and in the USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, California).
- Forest phlox ( Phlox divaricata L. ): It occurs in Canada ( Ontario , Quebec ) and in the USA
- Phlox douglasii Hook. : It occurs in Oregon, Washington and California.
- Summer Phlox or Annual Phlox ( Phlox drummondii Hook. ): It is native to Texas.
- Florida phlox ( Phlox floridana Benth. ): It is found only in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
- Early summer phlox ( Phlox glaberrima L. ): It occurs in the USA.
- Phlox hirsuta E.E. Nelson : This endemic occurs only in the Siskiyou Mountains and the vicinity of Yreka .
- Idaho Phlox ( Phlox idahonsis Wherry ): It is only found in Idaho.
- Phlox kelseyi Britton : It occurs in the USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada).
- Spotted phlox , also called meadow phlox , ( Phlox maculata L. ): It occurs in the USA.
- Phlox missoulensis Wherry (also known as Phlox kelseyi var. Missoulensis (Wherry) Cronquist as Phlox kelseyi Britton ): It occurs only in Montana near Missoula .
- Multi-flowered phlox ( Phlox multiflora A.Nelson ): It occurs in the USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah).
- Phlox nana Nutt. ; occurs in the USA (New Mexico, Texas, Arizona) and Mexico (Chihuahua)
- Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet : It occurs in the southeastern USA to Texas.
- Phlox ovata L .: It occurs in the eastern United States.
- Tall herbaceous phlox ( Phlox paniculata L. ), also known as panicle or autumn lilac: It occurs in the USA.
- Phlox pilosa L .: It occurs in Canada (Ontario only) and in the USA.
- Phlox pulchra (Wherry) Wherry : It is only found in Alabama.
- Siberian phlox ( Phlox sibirica L. ): It occurs in northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia , Mongolia and in Russia from the extreme east to Europe.
- Phlox speciosa Pursh : It occurs in Canada (British Columbia only) and in the USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, California).
- Wandering phlox , also called creeping phlox, ( Phlox stolonifera Sims ): It occurs in the eastern United States.
- Upholstered phlox , also called moss phlox or awl-shaped phlox ( Phlox subulata L. ): It occurs in Canada (Ontario only) and in the eastern United States.
use
Varieties of some phlox species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants in temperate areas almost worldwide .
Examples (random selection) and botanical history
The genus contains both perennial ( persistent ) and annual herbaceous plants . Of the 27 North American phlox species, quite a few came to Europe in the 18th century, of which meanwhile - after a lot of breeding activity - many stand because of their beautiful, predominantly red, but also pink or white, orange, purple and blue, mostly in umbellate inflorescences Flowers (some even with a contrasting center) are cultivated as ornamental plants. There are now well over a thousand varieties.
Phlox was named Perennial of the Year 2006 .
Phlox ( Greek φλόξ ) means "flame". Because of the bright red clusters of flowers in its wild species, the plant also received its German name Flammenblume (which, however, did not catch on; one usually speaks of the phlox ).
“A garden without phlox is not just a mere mistake, but a sin against summer” - this statement by the perennial breeder Karl Foerster , who brought out a number of varieties, is often quoted because today you can enjoy phlox all year round.
Phlox drummondii , the annual phlox, flowers from March to May. The next phlox species are all perennial and hardy: Phlox divaricata , the shrubby forest phlox , blooms first in April, Phlox subulata , the low, evergreen cushion phlox from April to May, then the wandering phlox ( Phlox stolonifera ) . This is followed by the early summer phlox ( Phlox glaberrima ), Phlox maculata , the meadow phlox and the Arendsii hybrids (early summer phlox varieties) bred by Georg Arends around 1910. The last group are the fragrant summer phlox varieties or garden phlox varieties ( Phlox paniculata ), which bloom into autumn.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed on February 4, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Phlox in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
- ↑ Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
literature
- Hermann Fuchs: Phlox - perennial and upholstered phlox. Ulmer, Stuttgart ISBN 3-8001-6539-2 .