Pindamonhangaba

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Município de Pindamonhangaba
"Princesa do Norte", "Capital Nacional da Reciclagem", "Pinda"
Pindamonhangaba
Aerial photo 2016
Aerial photo 2016
Pindamonhangaba (Brazil)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 22 ° 55 ′  S , 45 ° 28 ′  W Coordinates: 22 ° 55 ′  S , 45 ° 28 ′  W
Location of the municipality in the state of São Paulo
Location of the municipality in the state of São Paulo
Symbols
coat of arms
coat of arms
flag
flag
Motto
"Pro Patria Semper"
founding July 10, 1705
Basic data
Country Brazil
State São Paulo
ISO 3166-2 BR-SP
Região intermediária São José dos Campos (since 2017)
Região imediata Taubaté-Pindamonhangaba (since 2017)
Metropolitan area Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte
height 552 m
Waters Rio Paraiba do Sul , Rio Piracuama
climate subtropical, cwa
surface 730 km²
Residents 146,995 (2010)
density 201.4  Ew. / km²
estimate 168,328 (July 1, 2019)
Parish code IBGE : 3538006
Post Code 12400-001 to 12449-999
Telephone code (+55)  12
Time zone UTC −3
Website pindamonhangaba.sp (Brazilian Portuguese)
politics
City Prefect Isael Domingues (2017-2020)
Political party Partido da República (PR)
economy
GDP 6,640,810  thousand R $
41,346  R $ per capita
(2015)
HDI 0.773 (2010)
town hall
town hall
cathedral
Rural Pindamonhangaba

Pindamonhangaba , officially Portuguese Município de Pindamonhangaba , is a Brazilian city ​​in the state of São Paulo . Pindamonhangaba is located in the valley of the Paraíba do Sul river . The city name is derived from the Tupí language . Accordingly, pindá-monhang-aba means “the place where the river makes a bend”, referring to the course of the Paraíba do Sul river at the height of the Bosque da Princesa (“Princess Forest”). The population was estimated to be 168,328 as of July 1, 2019.

The transport connection is mainly through the Rodovia Presidente Dutra ( BR-116 ), which runs between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , at kilometer 99.

history

In the area of ​​today's Pindamonhangaba, Portuguese have settled at the latest since July 22nd, 1643 , under the leadership of a certain Captain João do Prado Martins . Six years later, on May 17, 1649, the area was declared vacant land and given to the captain. Apparently there is no information about what happened then up to August 12, 1672. This day is recorded in a building directory for a chapel . This was built by the brothers Antônio Bicudo Leme and Braz Esteves Leme in honor of São José . These Leme brothers, in turn, received the lands in the north of the village of Taubaté through a countess, the Condessa de Vimieiro. No notes have been received as to how the handover of the area from the first owner, Captain Martins, to the Countess might have been. In view of unanswered historical questions, the first mayors of the city removed this inconsistency by means of a decree. Mayor Dr. With regard to the Leme brothers, Caio Gomez set August 12, 1672 as the date of the city's foundation. Mayor João Bosco Nogueira later decreed that July 10th, 1705, was the “day of authorization” for the city.

With regard to the more precise historical developments, there are two versions:

A possible, first assumption is that the Leme brothers acquired farmland from the countess, Condessa de Vimieiro , which was found in the north of the village of Taubaté and near the banks of the Paraíba-do-Sul river. Then, on August 12, 1672, Antônio Bicudo Leme and Braz Esteves Leme began building a chapel in honor of São José and at the same time São José de Pindamonhangaba was settled. Said chapel was built on the top of a hill where the Praça da República Largo do Quartel is now. Based on this assumption, on December 7, 1953, the then mayor, Dr. Caio Gomez Figureido , 12 August 1672 as the day the city was founded. This was done by means of the law with the number 197. The brothers Antônio Bicudo Leme and Braz Esteves Leme were arrested as city founders .

According to another, second theory, undeveloped land had been distributed at the beginning of the 17th century, in the area of ​​today's cities Taubaté , Pindamonhangaba and Guaratinguetá . One area stood out which was granted to Captain João do Prado Martins on May 17, 1649, at the place called Pindamonhangaba. Due to a letter concerning the award of the lands, the settler João do Prado Martins, who came from São Paulo with his family and other supporters, was already in possession of the land. And the achievement of the current location of Pindamonhangabas by the said entourage was dated July 22nd, 1643 and thus regarded as the actual day the city was founded. Because a farm / estate founded by João do Prado Martins at that time was located exactly on the site of the later village, from which the present-day city emerged. Starting from one of the points on the right bank of the Rio Paraíba do Sul , a bairro ("district") that was dependent on Taubaté was formed . This district saw an influx of new settlers and residents. A church emerged whose patron saint was Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso (“Our Holy Lady of Good Success”). The establishment of the church goes back to Father João de Faria Fialho , who is also considered to be the founder of Pindamonhangabas.

The occupation of the area on which the current city of Pindamonhangaba is located is dated to the end of the 16th century. At this place there was initially a stop / rest station (for the discovery trips into the hinterland at that time). It is not known exactly when this place was started to be named with the Indian word Pindamonhangaba , which describes the place where the river bends. The development of the rest station was favored and it also grew quickly because of the high quality soil. The mild climate and the location meant that many travelers came to the rest stop / stop on their way to Minas Gerais . As early as 1680, Pindamonhangaba was populated similarly to the city of Taubaté . The first chapel of São José dates back to this time, built by the brothers Antônio Bicudo Leme and Braz Esteves Leme. On July 10, 1705, the settlement of Pindamonhangaba received the rights of a village. From this point on, Pindamonhangaba was politically detached from Taubaté.

Pasture and agriculture developed in Pindamonhangaba during the 18th century . The cultivation of sugar cane and its processing into sugar and schnapps in special factories were predominant . These factories are called ENGENHOS in Portuguese . During the main phase of Brazilian coffee cultivation, the city experienced its greatest heyday and thereby gained national importance. The coffee industry began in the city in 1820, and Pindamonhangaba turned into a center of this development, supported by the fertile soils and also by the labor of the then still ruling slavery.

During this period, various striking buildings were erected: Several small castles, including Palacete 10 de Julho, Palacete Visconde da Palmeira, Palacete Tiradentes, as well as the São José churches and the multi-denominational church Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso . These buildings are still a reflection of the wealth that the former coffee cultivation brought. Pindamonhangaba was then named a city by resolution of April 3, 1849 and was given the title "Princess of the North" by the then poet and chronicler Emílio Zaluar . The prosperity of coffee growing ebbed in the 1920s. Several factors have had a lasting effect on the coffee business: firstly, the leaching of the soil, then the abolition of slavery and the global economic crisis of the time . From this point on, the city relied on attaining an important role in the dairy industry , along with an expansion of rice cultivation and small-scale farming . This was an era of low economic growth that dragged on until the late 1950s. A pre-industrial phase then began. The period from 1970 to 1985 was again marked by extreme growth, this time in the industrial sector . This last development again led to noticeable changes in the structure of the city.

Because of the doubts about the actual founding date, the city's birthday is always celebrated on July 10th, the day of political independence as an independent municipality.

Moreira César

This is one of the most important Bairros ("districts") of Pindamonhangabas, which is 13 kilometers in size. This part of the city borders on the other part of Coruputuba , within which the farm of the same name of the agricultural company Cícero Prado is located. Obviously, this company has contributed to the enormous progress of this district. Initially, Antônio Claro César was founded there , between the towns of Barranco Alto and Nhambuí . These place names no longer exist today. César was seen as an energetic steward who was feared among the slaves .

It is believed that there would be a way from Moreira César to Ubatuba, on which the coffee products of the companies that were located between the places Mantiqueira and Quebra-Cangalha could be transported. The current name of the Serra da Mantiqueira , a coastal mountain range between the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, comes from the place Mantiqueira . On January 18, 1877, the railway line from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro was opened. This connection was established by a society chaired by a certain Baron Homem de Melo from Pindamonhangaba. On July 7th, 1877 the connection point of Cachoeira was opened . This was later dissolved again by the government, from then on the railway company was also called Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil . A telegraph post was set up in the district around 1880 . From then on, the estate managers in the area were also interested in their own train station . Captain Alexandre Mendes, Antônio Ferreira César , and Bernardino de Sena Leite , who even donated the land necessary for this goal, made a special effort .

Finally, from January 7, 1898, there was a train station named after Moreira César . This was done as a recognition and in honor of Colonel Antônio Moreira César from Pindamonhangaba. The colonel was killed in the War of Canudos in Bahia , in which he commanded government troops.

In 1907 the district was classified as a police district . To this end, a prison was set up and the following deputies were named: Captain Alexandre Mendes, Antônia Alves Moutinho, Ildefonso de França Machado and Olímpio Marcondes de Azevedo.

In the first legislative period after the re-democratization of the country in 1946, a true representative of this district was able to prevail in the election of mayor. It was city councilor José Francisco Machado , who died during his tenure. On the occasion of the second legislative period in 1954, another city councilor was elected with Ângelo Paz da Silva . This first denounced the elevation of the district to the category of a district Distrito de Paz , this happened on December 31, 1958, by the federal law with the number 5.121. However, on December 31, it was finally introduced as a district , which bears the name Distrito de Paz de Moreira César . The formal setting for this event took place in the courtyard of the school Escola Estadual Deputado Claro César , in the presence of the then judge for Pindamonhangaba, Paulo de Campos Azevedo . The first sub-mayor of the district was the auditor Alfredo Augusto Mesquita .

Demographics

Data based on an estimate from 2009:

  • Total population: 144,613
  • Urban population: 119,078
  • Population in rural areas: 12,343
  • Women: 67,798
  • Men: 64,524
  • Population density : 172.59 people per square kilometer
  • Child mortality up to the first year of life: 8.32 per thousand
  • Life expectancy: 78.67 years
  • Children per woman: 2.04
  • Literacy level: 97.44%
  • Development index ( HDI * M): 0.815
  • HDI * M rent: 0.742
  • HDI * M life expectancy : 0.787
  • HDI * M education: 0.916

economy

Towards the end of the 17th century Pindamonhangaba lived only from agriculture and self-sufficiency .

At the beginning of the 18th century, some residents moved to the Serra da Mantiqueira (a mountain range ) and the neighboring state of Minas Gerais . Their goal was to open up new land. The village of Pindamonhangaba and the whole Paraíba Valley benefited from gold discoveries . Around the year 1778 the gold discoveries decreased, which dampened the economic development. Then, in 1789, the entire Paraíba Valley was used to grow coffee, which now compensated for the lack of income due to the lack of gold. Between 1840 and 1860, the nobility in Pindamonhangaba reached the height of their heyday and Pindamonhangaba became the largest coffee producer in the region. During this time, magnificent houses and villas were built. Because of this, the city was given the title Princesa do Norte ("Princess of the North") by the poet and chronicler Emílio Zaluar in 1860 .

The landed nobility was represented on a broad scale in Pindamonhangaba: Barão Homem de Mello - Francisco Ignácio Homem de Mello Barão de Itapeva - Ignácio Bicudo de Siqueira Salgado Barão, later Visconde da Palmeira - Antonio S. Silva Barão, then Visconde de Parahybuna - Custódio Gomes Varella Lessa Primeiro Barão de Pindaba. - Manuel Marcondes O. Mello Segundo Barão, then Visconde de Pindaba. - Francisco Marcondes Homem de Mello Barão de Romeiro - Manuel Ignácio Marcondes Romeiro Barão de Taubaté - Antonio Vieira de Oliveira Neves Barão de Lessa - Eloy Bicudo Varella Lessa (The Portuguese Barão stands for " Baron ", Visconde means "Vizegraf".) Middle of The decline of the coffee industry in Pindamonhangaba began in the 1870s. Reasons were the leaching of the soil, increasing coffee production in the west of the state of São Paulo and the ongoing movement to abolish slavery .

Around 1920 Pindamonhangaba experienced one of its most severe epochs of economic stagnation . From then on, some families came from the neighboring state of Minas Gerais . These settled in the city to devote themselves to the breeding of dairy cattle . The dairy industry finally became the most important industry in Pindamonhangaba at the time.

In the 1950s, agricultural products, especially rice and milk , were the driving force behind the local economy.

From 1970, Pindamonhangaba suddenly faced industrial growth. Large industrial companies moved in, accelerating trade and population growth.

Nowadays, Pindamonhangaba thinks that it is again in a phase of progress due to the establishment of new types of industry.

ethnicities

According to a 2000 census , the different ethnic groups are divided into 72.5% people with European ancestry, 22.5% mixed, 3.8% with African ancestors, 0.7% with Asian ancestors and 0.1% of indigenous origin.

Waters

  • Rio Paraíba do Sul
  • Rio Piracuama
  • Corrego do Curtume
  • Corrego do Galega
  • Riberão Água Preta
  • Rio Una
  • Rio Ribeirão Grand
  • Rio das Oliveiras

(Portuguese water names: Rio stands for river , Córrego means stream , Ribeirão means “bigger brook ”.)

traffic

Road connection

Railway lines

Educational institutions

  • Unopar - Universidade Norte de Paraná (a university)
  • FAPI - Faculdade de Pindamonhangaba (a university)
  • UniAnhanguera - Universidade Annexuera (a university)
  • Grup Educacional Uninter (Faculdade Facinter e Fatec International) (universities)
  • FATEC - Faculdade de Tecnologia de Pindamonhangaba (a university)

Resident companies

sons and daughters of the town

  • Geraldo Alckmin (* 1952), politician, governor of the state of São Paulo and presidential candidate
  • Luiz Gustavo (* 1987), soccer player, Champions League winner and champion with FC Bayern
  • José Marcondes Homem de Melo (1860–1937), Roman Catholic clergyman, Bishop of São Carlos do Pinhal

Web links

Commons : Pindamonhangaba  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Climate Pindamonhangaba: Weather, average temperature, weather forecast for Pindamonhangaba. In: climate-data.org. de.climate-data.org, accessed on October 9, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b c IBGE : Pindamonhangaba - Panorama. Retrieved October 8, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  3. ↑ Dr. Isael 22 (Prefeito). In: com.br. Eleições 2016, accessed October 9, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  4. ↑ PNUDDATA, United Nations Development Program