Shipbuilding in the GDR
The shipbuilding industry in the GDR was centrally organized. A large proportion of the ships built were used for fishing and were delivered to the Soviet Union.
Dismantling and reconstruction of the shipyards
After initial dismantling of the shipyards, SMAD Order No. 103 followed in 1948, which ordered the shipbuilding capacity to be increased. As a result, new shipyards were built on rivers inland and on the coast , existing shipyards were expanded, and a shipbuilding supply industry was established. Initially, many ships sunk in the Baltic Sea were lifted and repaired. One focus of the new building was fishing vessels. At the end of the reparations period on December 31, 1953, the balance counted around 1,170 ships, 1,120 of which were fishing ships that were delivered to the Soviet Union. Shipbuilding in the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR was the second most important branch of industry for reparations deliveries to the Soviet Union.
Central structure of shipbuilding
The shipyards were subordinate to the Berlin ministries and were members of the industry association Vereinigung Volkseigener Werften (VVW). They were later organized in the Vereinigung Volkseigener Betriebe Schiffbau (VVB) formed in 1959 , which was replaced in 1979 by the Shipbuilding Combine Rostock (KSR).
The planning specifications for the ships to be built came from the superiors. By 1989 3,500 ships, including 2,700 fishing ships, had been delivered to the Soviet Union. A total of 4,000 ships were delivered to 50 countries. The majority of these were fishing vessels , cargo ships up to 25,000 dwt, passenger ships , inland vessels and special ships , some of which were built in huge series. In order to manufacture these in the planned time and especially in the required export quality, important shipbuilding suppliers were integrated into the VVB and then into the KSR.
The shipyards (selection)
| Shipyard overview | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| designation | Locations) | Products | Operating time | ||
| Warnow shipyard Warnemünde | Rostock-Warnemünde | Seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Mathias Thesen shipyard | Wismar | Seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Shipyard "Neptun" | Rostock | Seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Volkswerft Stralsund | Stralsund | Seagoing vessels, fishing vessels | - | ||
| Peene shipyard | Wolgast | Seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Elbe shipyard in Boizenburg | Boizenburg | Inland, fishing and seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Rosslau shipyard | Rosslau | Inland, fishing and seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Shipyard "Edgar André" | Magdeburg | Inland, fishing and seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Übigau shipyard | Dresden-Übigau | Inland and seagoing vessels | - | ||
| Laubegast shipyard | Dresden-Laubegast | Barges | - | ||
| Oderberg shipyard | Oderberg | Barges | 1946 to 1990 | ||
| Orwerft Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt | Inland and fishing vessels | - | ||
| Berlin yacht yard | Berlin | Barges and pleasure craft | - | ||
| Rechlin shipyard | Rechlin | Barges and pleasure craft | 1948 to 1996 | ||
| Volkswerft "Ernst Thälmann" | Brandenburg | Inland, fishing and seagoing vessels | 1946 to 1962 | ||
| Data | |||||
Types of seagoing vessels and series built in the GDR (selection)
| Construction time (from / to) |
designation | Type | Number of units built |
Builder / s | Client / recipient |
image | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1953-1958 |
Type 201 ( Kolomna series ) |
General cargo ship | 19th | Neptune shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
The Kolomna series was the first series cargo ship type in the GDR |
| 1955-1957 |
Wolgast series (Kümo 500) |
Coaster | 18th | VEB Peene-Werft Wolgast VEB Elbewerft Boizenburg VEB Schiffsreparaturwerft Laubegast |
DSR |
|
Built in modifications, see type article |
| 1957-1961 |
Type IV (series type Frieden) |
General cargo ship | 15th | Warnow shipyard | DSR and Cuba |
|
|
| 1958/59 | Ugleuralsk series | Bulk carrier | 9 | Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
|
| 1958–1962 |
Type 201 ( Andizhan series ) |
General cargo ship | 46 | Neptune shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
The Andizhan series was the most frequently built series cargo ship type in the GDR |
| 1958-1961 1962-1964 |
Ilri series (Framo Ilri and Kümo Ilri ) |
General cargo ship | 8 and 4 | Neptune shipyard | Various foreign shipowners |
|
The Ilri series was the GDR's first type of cargo ship exported to the West |
| 1959-1963 |
Nordstern series (Kümo 840) |
Coaster | 25th | VEB Peene-Werft Wolgast | DSR, Vietnam |
|
Largest series in terms of numbers for the DSR. |
| 1960-1963 | Series Dzhankoy | Bulk carrier | 17th | Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
|
| 1961-1963 |
Type IX ( Lübbenau series ) |
Bulk carrier | 6th | Warnow shipyard | DSR |
|
Built in modifications, see type article |
| 1962-1966 |
Type X ( Edgar André series ) |
General cargo ship | 16 | Warnow shipyard | DSR |
|
Built in modifications, see type article |
| 1963-1967 | Povenez series | General cargo ship | 40 | Neptune shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
|
| 1964-1971 |
Ilri (Type IV) (Series Bari and Series Karlsburg ) |
General cargo ship | 12 | Neptune shipyard | Federal Republic | ||
| 1966-1972 | Pioner series | General cargo ship | 32 | Neptune shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
|
| 1967-1970 |
Type XD ( Rostock series ) |
General cargo ship | 16 | Warnow shipyard | DSR |
|
|
| 1966-1977 |
Hellerau series (Neptun wood cargo ship type 401) |
Ice-reinforced timber freighter | 6th | Neptune shipyard | DSR |
|
(Other series than series Hans Krüger type Neptun 401 ) |
| 1968/69 | series Joprima | General cargo ship | 5 | Neptune shipyard | Norway | ||
| 1968-1972 | Type 17 | General cargo ship | 34 | Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union and India |
_1971,_MiNr_1694.jpg){kind=small}
|
Built in modifications, see type article |
| 1968-1972 |
Hansel series (Neptun type 451) |
Multipurpose cargo ship / wooden container cargo ship | 21st | Neptune shipyard | Norway, DSR |
|
Three vehicles in modified design for DSR, Neptun Type 448 , see type article. |
| 1969-1970 | Pacific type | Multipurpose general cargo ship | 3 | Warnow shipyard | People's Republic of China | Built in modifications, see type article | |
| 1970-1973 |
Type Neptun 381 ( Hamburger Wall series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 7th | Neptune shipyard | Federal Republic | ||
| 1970-1973 |
Type Europe (series Joa ) |
Coaster | 20th | VEB Elbewerften Boizenburg / Roßlau | Norwegian shipping companies | ||
| 1971-1975 |
Type Indic (Series Karl Marx / Vishva Aditya ) |
Fast freighter | 8th | Warnow shipyard | DSR, Shipping Corporation of India |
|
Two ships for DSR |
| 1972-1974 |
Type Mercator ( Varnemunde series ) |
Semi-container ship | 21st | VEB Warnow shipyard | USSR, Cuba, DSR | Nordhausen, Mühlhausen, Sangerhausen, Sondershausen for DSR | |
| 1972-1975 |
Type Neptun 371 ( Sol Michel series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 6th | Neptune shipyard | Norway, Sweden | ||
| 1972-1981 |
Type Meridian (Series Eagle ) |
Semi-container ship | 33 | Warnow shipyard | DSR and various foreign shipowners | Built as Meridian I and II, see type article | |
| 1972-1987 |
Type OBC ( Bella Coola series ) |
Ore, bulk carrier and container ship | 28 | VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft | DSR and various foreign shipowners | ||
| 1973-1976 |
Type Neptun 341 ( Rostok series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 19th | Neptune shipyard | USSR | ||
| 1973-1981 |
Type Neptun 471 ( Jobella series ) |
Multipurpose cargo ship | 13 | Neptune shipyard | Various foreign shipowners | ||
| 1974 |
Type Neptun 388 ( Neuchâtel series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 2 | Neptune shipyard | Federal Republic | ||
| 1975-1979 | Type Mercur I | Container Ship | 10 | VEB Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
First full container ship from GDR production |
| 1975-1980 |
Poseidon ( Rudolf Diesel series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 19th | Neptune shipyard | DSR |
|
Built in modifications of type 271/280, see type article |
| 1976 |
Type Neptun 401 (series Hans Krüger ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 2 | Neptune shipyard | Federal Republic | (Different series than Neptun wood freight ship type 401, series Hellerau ) | |
| 1976/77 |
Type Neptun 403 ( Ivory Tellus series ) |
Multipurpose general cargo ship | 3 | Neptune shipyard | Various foreign shipowners | ||
| 1977-1981 |
Type UL-ESC ( Dmitriy Donskoy series ) |
Ice-going bulk cargo ship and container ship | 13 | VEB Warnow shipyard | USSR | ||
| 1977-1985 |
Type Neptun 421 ( Cam Doussié series ) |
Semi-container ship | 33 | Neptune shipyard | DSR and various foreign shipowners | ||
| 1979-1985 |
Monsoon ( Faneos series ) |
Semi-container ship | 15th | VEB Warnow shipyard | DSR and various foreign shipowners |
|
Radebeul's only DSR ship |
| 1980-1982 | Type MBC | Bulk, general cargo and container ship | 6th | VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft | Federal Republic | ||
| 1982/83 | Type RO 15 | Ro-Ro ship | 3 | VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft | DSR | ||
| 1982-1985 | Type Mercur II | Container Ship | 10 | VEB Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union |
|
|
| 1983-1993 | Type Lo / Ro 18 | ConRo ship | 27 | VEB Warnow shipyard | Soviet Union | ||
| 1987-1989 | Saturn type | Container Ship | 4th | VEB Warnow shipyard | DSR |
|
|
| 1987-1990 | Type Passat | Semi-container ship | 15th | VEB Warnow shipyard | Various foreign shipowners |
New build program for inland motor cargo ships
| Years of construction | Ship type | shipyard | number | Load capacity (t) |
Drive power (PS) |
Speed (km / h) |
image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1953-1954 | Großplauermaß type Rothensee |
Edgar André shipyard in Magdeburg / Rothensee | 3 | 712 | 300 | 13 | |
| 1958-1960 |
Large finow dimension Z-drive |
Oderberg shipyard | 12 | 240 | 90 | 12 | |
| 1960 | Großplauermaß type Oderberg I. |
Oderberg shipyard | 4th | 705 | 400 | 15th | |
| 1960-1963 | Großplauermaß type Boizenburg |
Elbe shipyard in Boizenburg | 62 | 679 | 420 | 14th |
|
| 1962-1963 | Großplauermaß type Boizenburg / Roßlau |
Roßlau shipyard | 28 | 679 | 420 | 14th | |
| 1962-1963 | Großplauermaß type Oderberg II. |
Oderberg shipyard | 8th | 700 | 300 | 13 | |
| 1986-1987 | Motor cargo ship type Rostock |
Roßlau shipyard | 4th | 1026 | 600 | 16 |
New build program for push boats, tugs, icebreakers and push boats (from 1954, selection)
| shipyard | Ship type | Years of construction | number | Drive power (PS) |
image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genthin shipyard | Bumper boats | 1954-1955 | 6th | 50 | |
| Zehdenick shipyard | Bumper boats | 1954-1955 | 8th | 50 | |
| Shipyard Laubegast | Bumper boats | 1956-1957 | 26th | 50 | |
| Barth shipyard | Bumper boats | 1954-1955 | 5 | 50 | |
| Mette-Werft-Brandenburg | Bumper boats | 1955-1956 | 10 | 50 | |
| Shipyard Dresden-Übigau | Ice breaker type or | 1955-1956 | 1 | 540 | |
| Thälmann-Werft Brandenburg (formerly Gebr. Wiemann ) |
Ice breaker type or | 1958 | 6th | 540 |
|
| Oderwerft Fürstenberg (later Eisenhüttenstadt) |
Tractor engine I to X | 1958 | 10 | 225 | |
| Orwerft Eisenhüttenstadt | Tugboat type Havel | 1961-1965 | 4th | 150 | |
| Roßlau shipyard | Canal pushers | 1965-1966 | 66 | 190 |
|
| Berlin yacht yard | Icebreaker type Elbe | 1966-1968 | 6th | 700 | |
| Berlin yacht yard | Power pushers | 1966-1968 | 23 | 480 | |
| Berlin yacht yard | Power pushers | 1968-1972 | 26th | 600 | |
| Berlin yacht yard | Power pushers | 1972-1973 | 7th | 780 | |
| Berlin yacht yard | Canal pusher type 300 (KSS 24) | 1983-1986 | 34 | 300 |
|
| Berlin yacht yard | Finow class (push boat) | 1961-1989 | 110 | 100 |
_ENI_05033750.JPG)
|
| Genthin shipyard | Current pushers (shallow) | 1980-1988 | 6th | 600 |
Turnaround and privatization
At the " turnaround ", GDR shipbuilding comprised 5 shipyards , 2 inland shipyards and 9 shipbuilding suppliers with a total of around 55,000 employees. The VEB ship repair yards, which are part of the inland navigation and waterways combine, have a further 6,000 employees . Starting in 1992, the shipyards and suppliers were privatized, while in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania the Treuhandanstalt and private investors like. z. B. " Bremer Vulkan " and the Hegemann Group invested around 6 billion DM. Very modern shipyards were created and around 10,000 jobs were retained.
Wismar 1970, Mathias-Thesen-Werft (MTW)
1960, the FDGB vacation ship at the equipment quay of the MTW
The passenger motor ship Dmitri Poscharsky
Nordic Yards Wismar, originally Mathias-Thesen-Werft
1958 Warnemünde Warnow shipyard, slipway with the cable crane system.
Warnemünde, Warnow shipyard 1959
Warnemünde, today Wadan Yards (ex Warnow shipyard)
Warnow shipyard today, dry dock with hall
literature
- H.-W. Dünner, H.-Ch. Knoll: 50 years of the German inland shipping company - From an East German inland shipping company to a European logistics service provider. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7822-0757-2 .
- Gert Uwe Detlefsen and others: VEB Deutsche Seereederei Rostock. (= German shipping companies. Volume 23). Verlag Gert Uwe Detlefsen, 2005, ISBN 3-928473-81-6 .
- NN: GDR shipbuilding. Tradition and present. Shipbuilding museum on the traditional ship. Rostock-Schmarl. Shipbuilding Museum , Rostock 1972, OCLC 907745114 .
- D. Strobel, G. Dame: With MTW to the sea. Shipbuilding in Wismar. Hinstorff, Rostock 1996, ISBN 3-356-00660-6 .
- D. Strobel, G. Dame: Shipbuilding between Elbe and Oder Koehler, Herford 1993, ISBN 3-7822-0565-0
Individual evidence
- ^ Dietrich Strobel, Günter Dame: Shipbuilding between Elbe and Oder: 1945–1992 . 1st edition. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1993, ISBN 3-7822-0565-0 .
- ↑ Armin Gewiese, Rolf Schönknecht: Inland shipping between Elbe and Oder, DSV-Verlag