Aschach Castle (Bad Bocklet)

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Museums in Aschach Castle
Aschach, Castle and Castle Mill, from the southeast Bad Bocklet 20191216 002.jpg
Data
place Aschach
Art
opening June 21, 1957
management
Josefine Glöckner
Website

Aschach Castle is located in Aschach , a district of the Bad Bocklet market in the Bavarian district of Bad Kissingen . With its three museums - the Graf Luxburg Museum, the Folklore Museum and the School Museum -, its small park and the restaurant, the castle is one of the most interesting architectural monuments in Lower Franconia .

history

Beginnings

The construction of the palace , which was originally designed as a castle , began in 1165 under the Henneberger Poppo VI. and was continued after his death by his son Poppo VII . After his death in 1245 the property passed to his nephew Heinrich. After his death in 1274, his three sons divided their inheritance into the lines of Aschach, Hartenburg and Schleusingen.

In the 14th century, Aschach Castle was pledged for 20,000 guilders due to the financial hardship of the Hennebergers and sold to the creditor Dietrich von Bibra in 1391 when the redemption failed . In 1401 the Würzburg prince-bishop Johann I von Egloffstein bought the castle, who pledged it to Hildebrandt von Thüngen for three years from 1409. Under Johann's successor, the castle went to Count Georg von Henneberg for a purchase price of 24,000 guilders . Prince-Bishop Rudolf II von Scherenberg used the associated right of repurchase and brought Aschach Castle back into the possession of the Prince-Bishop , in which it remained for the next 300 years.

Aschach Castle as the residence of the Würzburg prince-bishops

Destruction in the peasant uprising of 1525

In 1525, during the peasant uprising of 1525, the Aschach Castle was occupied by the peasants and set on fire. Lord of the castle Eiring von Rotenhan, the clerk of Aschach, was deported to Schweinfurt . After the uprising was suppressed, Prince-Bishop Konrad II von Thüngen conducted a criminal court in the entire Würzburg monastery . More than 400 subjects of the Aschach office were fined and the farmers of Trimberg were obliged to rebuild the castles of Aschach, Botenlaube and Trimberg. The reconstruction of Aschach Castle was completed in 1527, as reported by a coat of arms from 1530 on the front of the castle's courtyard.

In the period that followed, Würzburg prince-bishops regularly stayed at Aschach Castle on their travels. From 1542 the castle was the official residence of Prince-Bishop Konrad III for two years . von Bibra when he fled a mass extinction in Würzburg.

Renewed destruction in the Markgräflerkrieg

In November 1553, Aschach Castle was destroyed by arson during the fighting in the Margravial War initiated by Albrecht II Alcibiades . After 20 years, the new construction of the palace under Prince-Bishop Friedrich von Wirsberg was completed. During the reconstruction, the castle got its present shape.

In the following years the castle was regularly visited by Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , who also stayed there for a cure. In 1575 he received a 180-pound sturgeon from a deputation of the Schweinfurt guarantee that had been caught in the Main shortly before and of which the Prince-Bishop had a portrait made and affixed over the door to the court kitchen. In the palace, Julius Echter also regularly met his brother Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn , who administered the offices of Aschach and Kissingen awarded to him by the Prince-Bishop for 45 years.

Aschach Castle during the Thirty Years War

In October 1631, during the Thirty Years' War , the Würzburg Monastery was conquered by the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf , who gave Aschach Castle to his Colonel Count Brandenstein. In 1633 the Swedes lost the Würzburg monastery and with it the castle again to the imperial troops. In the post-war period, the prince-bishops organized various social events at the castle and carried out small renovations. For example, the narrow old spiral staircase at the portal was replaced by a spacious open staircase. As a result of the summer palace Werneck, built by Balthasar Neumann under Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim , and the turmoil of the French Revolution across Europe, Aschach Palace lost its status as the Prince-Bishop 's residence over time.

Aschach Castle under the Sattler family

After many buildings that came into the possession of the Bavarian king had lost their sacred function due to the secularization of 1803 and were sold or demolished, Aschach Castle was sold in 1829 for 5,000 guilders to the Schweinfurt industrialist Wilhelm Sattler , who in planned the establishment of an earthenware or English porcelain factory for the property . The Ministry of Finance endorsed this project to promote the Rhön industry and successfully asked King Ludwig I to sell the castle to Sattler. He was only required by the art-savvy king not to change the exterior of the castle. Wilhelm Sattler was in the management of the porcelain factory by his wife, the trained painter Katharina Sattler geb. Geiger, who kept the business books and artistically designed the porcelain products. In this context, she designed numerous vedutas of Aschach and the surrounding area.

However, sales fell steadily due to competition from cheaper mass-produced items from England, so that in 1860, a year after Sattler's death, the company was shut down and the inventory was auctioned. Initially, Fichtel from Schweinfurt, one of Sattler's sons-in-law and heirs, wanted to set up a spinning factory in Aschach Castle, but then let his brother-in-law Anton Sattler take precedence, who restored the castle in the "original style" and created an extensive art collection . For unknown reasons, Anton Sattler auctioned the art collection and inventory of the castle in 1868 and three years later sold the castle to his brother Ernst Sattler from Coburg for 32,000 guilders.

Aschach Castle under the Counts of Luxburg

Friedrich Count of Luxburg (1875)

In spring 1873, Friedrich von Luxburg , the royal Bavarian district president of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, found a new owner for Aschach Castle for a purchase price of 72,000 gold marks and a further 56,000 gold marks for renovation, restoration and furnishing. With the support of Jens Sattler, a son of Walter Sattler, he got involved in an artistic renovation of the castle, which was carried out by the Würzburg master builder Scherpf. Also under Count von Luxburg, with the support of the Kissingen art collector Karl Streit , an extensive art collection was built in Aschach Castle. Between 1876 and 1893, Reich Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck paid a visit to Aschach Castle almost every year during his spa stays, which he spent in the Upper Saline in Hausen (now part of Bad Kissingen ), including for an afternoon nap. Bismarck found a good conversation partner in Count Luxburg, a former member of the Reichstag.

After the death of Count Luxburg in 1905, his second son, Karl von Luxburg , and his wife Carola took care of Aschach Castle and the art collection. At the end of the Second World War - Karl Graf von Luxburg and his wife were in the United States at the start of the war in 1939 and were only able to return in 1949 due to the war - the castle housed several hundred US soldiers during the fighting. In the last days of the war in 1945 it temporarily became the headquarters of General Field Marshal Ewald von Kleist . The structure of the palace survived the Second World War without major damage.

Aschach Castle as a museum

In 1955, the 84-year-old Karl Graf von Luxburg, who had no direct descendants, decided to donate Aschach Castle with all of its inventory and all of its land to the Lower Franconia district . With the change of ownership on November 14, 1955, the district undertook to preserve the castle and its art collection for posterity and to make it accessible to the general public for cultural and representative purposes. After Luxburg's death in 1956, the Great Palace was carefully converted into a palace museum under the direction of the then director of the Mainfränkisches Museum , Max Hermann von Freeden , which opened on June 21, 1957.

Later other buildings on the castle grounds were converted into museums. In 1982 a school museum was set up in the former forester's house . A folklore museum was opened in the baroque tithe barn in 1984 .

Under Annette Späth , the museum director from 2001 to the beginning of 2018, the Aschach Castle museums were fundamentally modernized and improved. In June 2018 Josefine Glöckner succeeded Annette Späth as director of the Aschach Castle Museums.

In 2017 the Graf-Luxburg-Museum was closed due to construction work and the redesign of the permanent exhibition. The reopening of the newly designed Graf Luxburg Museum took place in July 2020.

Museums in Aschach Castle

Graf Luxburg Museum

In the Graf-Luxburg-Museum, 29 of the 36 rooms used by the Counts of Luxburg have been refurbished as museums. In the rooms, whose familiar character has been preserved, you can visit the valuable collections of the Counts of Luxburg, including paintings such as Judith with the head of Holofernes by Lucas Cranach the Elder and the Baptism of Christ by Michael Wohlgemut , sculptures, Augsburg silver, porcelain, Furniture as well as the important collection of East Asian art.

School museum

The school museum in the former forester's house

The school museum has been housed in the former forester's house on the castle grounds since 1982. The material for this had already been collected since 1972, mainly by the former single-class teacher and later rector Rudolf Erben. The main attraction is the school hall with its furnishings from the period between 1850 and 1900. There was also an extensive collection of old murals and maps as well as utensils for reading, writing and arithmetic lessons.

Folklore Museum

A folklore museum has been housed in the baroque tithe barn from 1692 since 1984. In the entrance area there are furniture and items for sale from an old village shop. Agricultural implements that have been used on the farms over the course of a year are on display on the ground floor. The rural life of the Rhön population from 1850 to 1950 is the theme of the upper floor.

The museum barn is used as an exhibition space for special exhibitions.

Special exhibitions (selection)

  • Stylus, fountain pen, ink killer. Elementary schools in rural Bavaria 1945–1970 (April 14, 2014– October 31, 2014)
  • "The beautiful Rhön" - the photographer Hermann Eckert and the beginnings of tourism in the Rhön (April 26, 2015– October 31, 2015)
  • Here I am human, this is where I shop - supply of goods in Lower Franconia (April 25, 2016 - October 30, 2016)
  • Magic castle and fairy tale forest - life and work of the Brothers Grimm (April 23, 2017– September 10, 2017)
  • When the elderly tell - the dialect and way of life in Lower Franconia (April 8, 2018 - September 9, 2018)
  • Patents Franconia (April 2, 2019– September 15, 2019)
  • Where from | Where to - An exhibition about arriving and leaving (June 6, 2020 August 30, 2020)

List of owners and owners of Schloss Aschach

Owner and owner of Aschach Castle from 1165 to the present:
Period of time owner
1165-1391 Count of Henneberg
1391-1407 Lords of Bibra
1407-1409 Bishops of Würzburg
1409-1412 Lords of Thüngen
1412-1434 Bishops of Würzburg
1434-1491 Count of Henneberg
1491-1631 Bishops of Würzburg
1631-1632 Gustav II Adolf , King of Sweden
1632-1634 Count of Brandenstein
1634-1802 Bishops of Würzburg
1802-1805 Elector of the Electoral Palatinate of Bavaria
1805-1814 Elector, later Grand Duke of Würzburg
1814-1829 Kings of Bavaria
1829-1873 The Sattler family
1873-1955 Count of Luxburg
Since 1955 District of Lower Franconia

literature

(in chronological order)

  • Emil Neidiger: Bad Bocklet - Aschach Castle - Frauenroth. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born in 1965. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1965, ISSN  0015-9905 , pp. 159–161 ( PDF ).
  • Max H. von Freeden , Hanswernfried Muth: Aschach Castle Museums - Guide to the Graf-Luxburg-Museum of the Lower Franconia district. 15th revised edition. 2006.
  • Max H. von Freeden, Reinhard Worschech: Aschach Castle on the Franconian Saale and the museums of the Lower Franconia district. 3rd, expanded edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Regensburg 1993, ISBN 3-7954-1040-1 .
  • Christiane Landgraf: Aschach Castle - booklet to the exhibition "Rural Living and Economics" in the Folklore Museum of the Lower Franconia district. (= Teacher's handouts from the Aschach Castle Museums. Issue 1). 1995.
  • Herbert Schultheis: Bad Bocklet - history of the districts of Aschach and Großenbrach. (= Bad Neustädter contributions to the history and local history of Franconia. Volume 6). Rötter, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1996, ISBN 3-9800482-9-2 .
  • Max H. von Freeden: Aschach Castle. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 138–148 ( PDF ).
  • Reinhard Worschech: Aschach Castle - triad for a museum ensemble. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 158–161 ( PDF ).
  • Hanswernfried Muth: Treasures from the art collections of Count Luxburg in Aschach Castle. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 162–170 ( PDF ).
  • Christiane Landgraf: The Folklore Museum in Aschach. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 171–179 ( PDF ).
  • Joachim G. Raftopoulo: The park of Aschach Castle. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 187–191 ( PDF ).
  • Werner Eberth : Count Friedrich Luxburg and the sculptor Balthasar Schmitt. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 191–193 ( PDF ).
  • Rudolf Erben: “Today we went back to school”. The Aschach School Museum preserves the memory of the former village school. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born in 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 179–183 ( PDF ).
  • Susanne Götz: A general store in the museum. In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born in 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 184-185 ( PDF ).
  • Klaus M. Höynck: Wilhelm Häfner - Aschach Castle "good spirit". In: Frankenbund (Hrsg.): Frankenland - magazine for Franconian regional studies and culture. Born 1997. Frankenbund, Würzburg 1997, pp. 185–186 ( PDF ).
  • Rudolf Maria Bergmann: Museum guide Franconia. L & H Verlag, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 978-3-928119-29-0 , pp. 205-206.
  • Georg Dehio , Tilmann Breuer: Handbook of German art monuments . Bavaria I: Franconia - The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. 2nd, revised and supplemented edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03051-4 , pp. 43–44.
  • Peter Ziegler: Celebrities on promenade paths - emperors, kings, artists, spa guests in Bad Kissingen. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 978-3-87717-809-6 , pp. 175-178.
  • Annette Späth: The Lower Franconian School Museum Aschach. Rudolf Erben in memory. In: Museum today. Facts - tendencies - help. Issue 36. Munich 2009, ISSN  0944-8497 , pp. 39-41 ( PDF ).
  • Cornelia Morper: Chinese treasures in the Graf-Luxburg-Museum, Aschach Castle. JH Röll, Dettelbach 2015, ISBN 978-3-89754-403-1 .
  • Verena Friedrich: Castles and palaces in Franconia. 2nd Edition. Elmar Hahn Verlag, Veitshöchheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-928645-17-1 , pp. 194–197.
  • Erich Schneider : A walk through Aschach Castle and its history. JH Röll, Dettelbach 2016, ISBN 978-3-89754-491-8 .
  • State office for non-state museums in Bavaria (ed.): Museums in Bavaria - A guide through the Bavarian museum landscape. 6th, completely revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-422-07382-1 , pp. 41–42.
  • Wolf-Dieter Raftopoulo: Rhön and Grabfeld culture guides. A complete documentation of the old cultural landscapes in terms of art and cultural history. RMd Verlag, Gerbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-9818603-7-5 , pp. 20-21.
  • Michelle Tief: Allow me, Count and Countess of Luxburg. In: Rhön magazine. 8th year, summer 2020. heldenzeit, Fulda 2020, pp. 18–23.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Aschach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Aschach Castle Museums. In: BadKissingen.de. Retrieved March 8, 2018 .
  2. ↑ The museums. In: Museen-Schloss-Aschach.de. Retrieved March 15, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Siegfried Farkass: Annette Späth changes to the Upper Saline. In: Mainpost.de. November 6, 2017, accessed March 15, 2018 .
  4. ^ Frank Kupke: Schloss Aschach on new paths. In: Mainpost.de. July 13, 2006, accessed March 15, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Schloss Aschach tells its story. In: Museen-Schloss-Aschach.de. August 30, 2016, accessed March 15, 2018 .
  6. ↑ "Exemplary Example for Implementing Inclusion". In: Museen-Schloss-Aschach.de. September 7, 2017, accessed March 15, 2018 .
  7. ^ Isolde Krapf: Aschach museums: Josefine Hoske becomes director. In: Mainpost.de. March 11, 2018, accessed July 12, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Josefine Glöckner will take up her position on June 1st - the renovation of the castle museum is progressing rapidly. In: Bezirk-Unterfranken.de. March 6, 2018, accessed July 12, 2020 .
  9. ^ Graf-Luxburg-Museum in Aschach reopened with a new concept. In: BR.de. July 10, 2020, accessed July 12, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Sigismund von Dobschütz: Lords received at the completely renovated Aschach Castle. In: Saale-Zeitung (inFranken.de). July 12, 2020, accessed July 15, 2020 .
  11. ^ Website of the touring exhibition Patents Franconia ( Memento from August 29, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Bad Bocklet: Get to know Franconian inventors and inventions. In: BR.de. June 13, 2019, accessed June 9, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Woher / Wohin - An exhibition on arriving and leaving. In: Museen-Schloss-Aschach.de. Retrieved June 9, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Werner Vogel: With the highly topical special exhibition "Where from / Where", the Aschach Castle museums are opening the season after the Corona crisis. In: inFranken.de. June 7, 2020, accessed June 9, 2020 .
  15. ^ Max H. von Freeden: Graf-Luxburg-Museum des Bezirks Unterfranken: Schloss Aschach near Bad Kissingen , Verlag Schnell & Steiner Munich / Zurich, 1982, p. 31

Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′ 15.3 "  N , 10 ° 3 ′ 43.4"  E