Schweinsbach (Münchberg)

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Schweinsbach
City of Münchberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 21 ″  N , 11 ° 46 ′ 23 ″  E
Height : 578 m above sea level NN
Residents : 60  (Dec 31, 2009)
Postal code : 95213
Area code : 09251
map
Location of Schweinsbach in the Münchberg urban area

Schweinsbach is a district of Münchberg in the Upper Franconian district of Hof . The village, which today has 61 inhabitants, was first mentioned in 1323 in a document from King Ludwig IV . Between 1837 and 1978 the village was part of the municipality of Mechlenreuth . With the regional reform in Bavaria , Schweinsbach was incorporated into the city of Münchberg. The largest orchard meadow in Bavaria is located in Schweinsbach .

geography

Village pond in Schweinsbach

Geographical location

Schweinsbach ( 578  m above sea level) is the southernmost district of the city of Münchberg, about three kilometers south of the city limits, and lies on the B 2 at kilometer 115 between Münchberg and Gefrees . The surrounding villages are clockwise Mussen , Mechlenreuth , Kleinlosnitz , Lösten, Friedmannsdorf, Fleisnitz , Querenbach and Biengarten. Thus, the Schweinsbacher Flur borders on the communities of Zell (southeast) and Stammbach (west). South of the Friedmannsdorf district of Zell, the Bayreuth district begins with the town of Gefrees. In the middle of the village are the village pond and the community grass. The Weißenberg ( 619  m ) connects to the south . The Lohbach, which was probably called the Schweinsbach in the past, flows about 500 meters away and flows into the Mussenbach.

Precipitation amounts in the Münchberger and Bayreuth area
Map of Schweinsbach

climate

The rather harsh climate in Münchberger Land is due to the altitude. It is characterized by high amounts of precipitation combined with low temperatures. The annual mean temperature is only 5–6 ° C, while in nearby Bayreuth it is already 7–8 ° C. The mean air temperature during the growing season is 12–13 ° C (15–16 ° C in Bayreuth). The mean annual rainfall is 900–1000 millimeters (600–700 millimeters in Bayreuth).

geology

The village lies on the Münchberg gneiss slab . In geology, this occupies a special position between the granite-rich Fichtel Mountains and the Franconian Forest , which consists of paleozoic slate masses . The composition of the gneiss is similar to that of the granite , but it has a slate structure. The components are mainly feldspar , quartz and mica . In addition to gneiss, there are other rocks such as amphibolite or phyllite .

The weathering products of these rocks form sandy, acidic and nutrient-poor loamy soils . These base-poor, silicate soils are not particularly suitable for agriculture. In contrast to the soils in the Fichtelgebirge or in the Franconian Forest , the agriculture mainly carried out in the Schweinsbacher Flur is still relatively profitable. On a hundreds scale, the yields are around 27 to 36 for arable land and 26 to 34 for green areas. This means that the soils are so-called quarter to third soils.

history

Name development

There are different interpretations of the origin of the place name. In 1692, Magister Will led a "pork brook" which "mingled with the muschen in the large Mechlareuther pond". This refers to today's Lohbach, which joins the Mussenbach near Mechlenreuth . It cannot be clarified whether the village was named after the brook or the brook after the village. Most place name books, on the other hand, often speak of "Schweinsbach: To the brook where the wild boars stay". Another theory is that the domestic pig is meant. Just as beekeeping gave Biengarten its name, pig breeding could have led to the name here. The profession of swineherd or the proper name of a clearing master could have provided the name.

In the first documentary mention of the village in 1323 the name is "Swinspach" and in 1573 in a sales document it is "Schweinßpach". This is how today's spelling developed. A map from 1813 already names the village by its current name.

History of Schweinsbach

Coat of arms of the von Sparneck family from Siebmacher's book of arms

The village was probably founded around 1100. This is indicated by the basic word -bach in the place name, as the local researcher Karl Dietel writes. The first road that led past Schweinsbach is secured for the beginning of the 12th century, but most likely existed before that. It came from what is now Bad Berneck and led via the town of Gefrees to the Haberbachtal near Münchberg . Its course corresponds roughly to that of today's Bundesstraße 2 .

According to Karl Dietel, the area around Münchberg came into the hands of the Lords of Sparneck between 1220 and 1240 . The presumed previous owners, the Walpoten , are said to have left the area before 1240. Schweinsbach is mentioned for the first time in a document from King Ludwig IV on March 7, 1323, with which a third of the city ​​of Münchberg and Sparneck , Zell , Mechlenreuth , Schweinsbach, Gottersdorf , Wulmersreuth, Bug, Ahornberg , Weißlenreuth and the Waldstein with court and other rights at the request of Johann von Sparneck to the brothers Eberhardt and Ulrich von Bindlach as fiefdoms . The fact that the village appears as an imperial fiefdom in this document makes it clear that Schweinsbach also belonged to the Sparneckers for a long time. In a sales deed with a list of all affiliations and use of the offices of Upenrodt and Münchberg from 1408, the brothers Erhard, Friedrich and Pabo von Sparneck sold the city of Münchberg and 21 villages to the burgrave Friedrich V. Schweinsbach is only referred to as belonging to the Münchberg court. In addition, the burgrave of Nuremberg had no landlord rights, which means that he could not earn any income from the village. The lords of the village were still the lords of Sparneck , who also owned the villages of Biengarten, Rieglersreuth and, with nine out of ten estates, most of Mechlenreuth.

On June 1, 1457, Hans von Sparneck sold the villages of Schweinsbach and Rieglersreuth with the consent of his son for 900 guilders to his wife Helena. From the second half of the 15th century, Georg von Sparneck and his sons, a branch of the Stein line, lived in Schweinsbach. Due to the destruction of Stein Castle and almost all other important castles in their home country in 1523, the Sparneckers got into considerable distress and sought refuge in Schweinsbach. There is evidence of the sale of a farm in Rieglersreuth to the Mayor and Councilor of Münchberg on Monday after Oculi 1504. The mentioned salespeople Wolf, Hans, Jorg, Ernst and Makarius von Sparneck were therefore all resident in Schweinsbach. On May 13, 1512, Schweinsbach (eight yards), Mechlenreuth (twelve yards) and Rieglersreuth (three yards) passed from the late Hans von Sparneck to his brothers Georg, Wolfgang and Makarius. On November 13, 1537, the brothers Wolf and Georg von Sparneck transferred Mechlenreuth and three farms from Schweinsbach to Margrave Georg . On October 27, 1562, with the acquisition of Hallerstein Castle, the remaining five farms of Schweinsbach became the property of the margrave, who formed the Hallerstein office from this area. Schweinsbach now belonged to the Principality of Bayreuth as a whole , but there was still the administrative district separation, according to which the first three courtyards belonged to the Münchberg office, the other five to the Hallerstein office.

Principality of Bayreuth 1791 before the secret treaty with Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia

In 1680, Margrave Christian Ernst introduced administrative relief by setting up the Oberamt Münchberg-Stockenrot , a superordinate court with the districts of Münchberg, Stockenroth and Hallerstein. This senior office did not last long, however. In 1769 the Bayreuth margrave line went out . The principality went to Margrave Karl Alexander von Ansbach , who in 1779 incorporated the Oberamt into the provincial governorate of Hof . In 1791 he signed a secret treaty with King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia in which he renounced his two Franconian principalities for 300,000 guilders annuity . In 1792 the two principalities went to the Kingdom of Prussia . The baron von Hardenberg was appointed as the new administrator . Hardenberg restructured the principalities according to the Prussian model. Six districts with six chamber offices each were formed from the Principality of Bayreuth. The Münchberg Chamber of Commerce belonged to the Hof district. It comprised the area of ​​the former caste offices Münchberg, Hallerstein, Stockenrot and the District Bailiwick of Helmbrechts . Schweinsbach thus belonged to one judicial district.

The time of Prussian rule did not last long, however. During the Fourth Coalition War , Napoléon's troops invaded the Münchberg area on October 8, 1806 after the withdrawal of the Prussians under General Bogislav von Tauentzien on their advance to the northeast. From October 9 of the same year, the Principality of Bayreuth and thus also Schweinsbach was under French military administration. The Kingdom of Prussia was forced to renounce its Frankish principalities once and for all in the Peace of Tilsit . On February 28, 1810, the former Prussian province of Bayreuth was politically, economically and financially incorporated into Bavaria by a state treaty between France and the Kingdom of Bavaria .

War memorial of the former municipality of Mechlenreuth in honor of their fallen in the First and Second World War, which is located near Mechlenreuth on the Kapellenberg

From 1818 to 1837 Schweinsbach belonged to the district municipality of Kleinlosnitz in addition to the villages of Kleinlosnitz, Großlosnitz, Lösten, Mussen , Mechlenreuth and Schnackenhof. From 1837 Mechlenreuth, Mussen and Schweinsbach formed the independent municipality of Mechlenreuth. In the First and Second World Wars , four men each were reported missing or killed. On the occasion of the district reform in Bavaria , the Münchberg district was incorporated into the Hof district on July 1, 1972 . With the dissolution of the municipality of Mechlenreuth on May 1, 1978 in the course of the municipal reform , Schweinsbach, Mechlenreuth and Mussen were incorporated into the city of Münchberg . In 1966, Helga Schubert wrote in her book that Schweinsbach had retained its purely rural character. There were no commuters, as in other villages near the industrial city of Münchberg, but only farmers. Today Schweinsbach has lost this character, there are only two farms left.

Tower hill

The tower hill (Motte) in Schweinsbach was mentioned for the first time on November 13, 1537 in a document in which the brothers Wolf and Georg von Sparneck Schweinsbach, including a whale of a noble man's seat on which the Rucksteschell now sit, and sell some other goods to the margrave Georg . The name whale indicates that the fortification had to be abandoned by this time. Since Schweinsbach was at a crossroads between the Via Imperii and the road to Biengarten, Karl Dietel came to the conclusion that the facility had been built in the 11th or 12th century to monitor the road there. Later it could also have served to protect the Münchberg High Court from the Waldstein-Sparneck High Court. The border between these courts ran between the villages of Lösten and Friedmannsdorf.

Attempt to reconstruct the tower hill castle in Schweinsbach

The tower hill was probably not west of house number 8, as Dietel writes, but west of house number 2 , as the author Helga Schubert writes. A sketch that Dietel himself drew shows this position. In addition, the photos of the two authors clearly show a survey at this point. When a house was built at this point, stones were also found that could be the remains of the foundation walls.

The moth was probably a round mound of earth with a palisade wall and a moat . In the middle of the hill there was probably some kind of tower house. The mansions of the owners were mostly located in the vicinity of such facilities. Only in exceptional situations did they retreat to the uncomfortable tower houses.

Zilkenreuth

Zilkenreuth is a desert , that is, an abandoned settlement. Zilkenreuth disappeared in the 14th or 15th century. The Zilkenreuther Flur was partially connected to the Schweinsbacher. The field names of the fields on the Weißenberg contain the name Zilkenreuth without exception .

Culture and sights

Fire station in the center of Schweinsbach

society

The volunteer fire brigade in Schweinsbach was founded in 1876 as a community brigade Mussen-Schweinsbach . In 1967 it became the Mussen and Schweinsbach fire departments . Since then, the fire brigade has had a portable pump trailer with an inserted TS 8/8 in the local fire station, which is located in the center of the village. There are also two older syringes from the 1950s available. In 2006, 27 members (corresponding to 37% of the population) were active in the Schweinsbach volunteer fire department.

Economy and Infrastructure

Part of the orchard meadow in Schweinsbach

economy

Bavaria's largest orchard meadow is located in Schweinsbach . In 2005 this was awarded the environmental prize of the Hof district association for horticulture and landscaping . 962 tall trees of various types of fruit were planted. Today there is still a small shop in the village that offers homemade floristry and gift items. There is also a full-time farm and a part-time farm. An outpatient nursing service that is mainly active in the Münchberg, Stammbach and Helmbrechts area today has its roots in Schweinsbach. Today the head office is in Münchberg.

traffic

Surroundings of Schweinsbach

Schweinsbach can be reached via Bundesstraße 2 or from Bundesautobahn 9 exit (36) Münchberg-Süd via Biengarten. There is also a private road to Querenbach. The only public transport connections are the Hof - Bayreuth bus route and the shared call taxi. The closest train station is in Münchberg . There are special local landing sites in Helmbrechts- Ottengrüner Heide and Zell- Haidberg. Both are mainly used by glider pilots. The next larger airfield is the Hof-Plauen airfield .

education

It is assumed that Schweinsbach also had its own village school. It is no longer possible to determine where this school was or for what period of time it existed. Until 1908 the pupils from Schweinsbach went to the community school in Mechlenreuth, which was located in Mussen . After the number of students continued to rise, the then Mechlenreuth municipal council decided to build a new school directly in Mechlenreuth. The Schweinsbach students then went to the nearby Kleinlosnitz school, which belonged to the municipality of Zell . After the school in Kleinlosnitz closed, lessons continued at a school in Zell.

Today the Schweinsbach children in grades 1 to 9 attend elementary school in Zell as guest students in elementary and secondary school. The secondary schools in Münchberg, the secondary schools Gefrees or Helmbrechts, as well as the M-Zug of the secondary school Poppenreuth are available.

literature

  • Tilmann Breuer : District of Münchberg . The art monuments of Bavaria , brief inventories, XIII. Band . German art publisher . Munich 1961. p. 37.
  • Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (Lkr. Münchberg) village and field in the course of history . 1966 (Helga Schubert wrote this thesis in 1966 as an approval thesis for the teaching post at elementary schools. The geological and climatic conditions of the Münchberg area as well as the history of the place and its courtyards are dealt with. The only edition of this thesis can be borrowed from the University Library Bayreuth (BVB Number: BV013060140).).
  • Karl Dietel : Münchberg. History of an official and industrial city . tape 1 . Münchberg city administration, Münchberg 1963 (until the transition to Bavaria in 1810).
  • Karl Dietel: Between Waldstein and Döbraberg - The historical development of the Münchberg district . Münchberg District Education Office, Münchberg 1964.
  • Karl Dietel: Tower hill in the heart of the Münchberger valley . tape 41 . Archive for the history of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 1963.

Web links

Commons : Schweinsbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Google Maps ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , as well as Bavarian land surveying office @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.maps.google.de
  2. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg. Munich 1960, p. 131.
  3. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 6.
  4. ↑ Hydrogeological examination of the Münchberg gneiss mass by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (PDF)
  5. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg. Munich 1960, p. 136.
  6. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg. Munich 1960, p. 147.
  7. ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg history of an official and industrial city. P. 39.
  8. ↑ Bamberg State Archives "Plassenburger Archive" Rep. 0 17 III No. 30.
  9. ↑ compare traveling iron woodcuts from 1523
  10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 687 .
  11. ↑ Bamberg State Archives, Rep. A 165 / I, No. 1375; # 203 piston.
  12. ^ Karl Dietel : Tower hill in the heart of the Münchberger valley. P. 233.
  13. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 77.
  14. ^ Karl Dietel : Tower hill in the heart of the Münchberger valley. P. 234.
  15. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 79.
  16. ^ Private records of Karl Dietel (Münchberg City Archives)
  17. ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg history of an official and industrial city. P. 30 f.
  18. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 25 f.
  19. ↑ District association for horticulture and landscape maintenance.
  20. ↑ Timetable of the Bachstein transport company. (PDF).
  21. ^ Website of Stadtwerke Münchberg .
  22. ↑ The train.
  23. ↑ Ottengrüner Heide airfield ( Memento from February 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ↑ Zell airfield ( Memento from June 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ↑ Hof-Plauen airfield .
  26. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 20.
  27. ↑ elementary school on cell Schule-Oberfranken.de the Upper Franconian government.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on September 21, 2008 .