Berlin-Hakenfelde
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Hakenfelde district of Berlin |
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| coordinates | 52° 34′ 40″ N , 13° 10′ 51″ E |
| surface | 20.381 km² |
| resident | 31,327 (Dec 31, 2020) |
| population density | 1537 inhabitants/km² |
| start-up | 2003 |
| Postal code | 13587 |
| district number | 0507 |
| district | Spandau |
Hakenfelde is a district of Berlin in the Spandau district in the northwest of the city.
position
Berlin-Hakenfelde is located in the natural area of the Zehdenick-Spandau Havel lowlands . It borders in the south and south-west (Radelandstrasse – Hohenzollernring – Neuendorfer Strasse to the Schultheiss district ) on the districts of Falkenhagener Feld and Spandau . In the east (including Eiswerder and Kleiner Wall ) it is bounded by the Havel by the districts of Haselhorst and Konradshöhe and its location Tegelort and the district of Tegel . In the north and west, Hakenfelde forms the Berlin city boundary with the state of Brandenburg and touches the town of Hennigsdorf ( district of Oberhavel ) as well as the municipality of Schönwalde-Glien and the town of Falkensee ( district of Havelland ). In terms of area, Hakenfelde is the largest district in the Spandau district.
story
The name Hakenfelde is derived from a dairy built in 1730 on the outskirts of Spandau , which was named after its builder and owner, the merchant Johann Ludwig Haake (also: Haacke). In the place of the dairy there later stood the small palace of the dancer Pepita de Oliva , who had been giving guest performances in Berlin since 1853 . The artist gave her name to the houndstooth pattern . In the vicinity of her former place of residence on Mertensstrasse and Goltzstrasse, a larger rental housing complex with 1,024 residential units bears the name Pepitahöfe . The cul-de-sac in the new development area has been called Pepitapromenade since May 1, 2018. Until the first decades of the 20th century, the spelling of the district was "Hackenfelde".
At the turn of the 20th century the popular entertainment venue Karlslust stood a little further away . On February 8, 1947, one of the biggest fire disasters in Berlin happened there. 80 young people died and over 150 were seriously injured when the venue caught fire at around 10:45pm during a carnival costume dance. Because of the extreme cold, more than 1,000 visitors wanted to get their coats from the cloakroom, which led to mass panic. Most of the dead were members of the Spandau sports club.
Since about 1880 Hakenfelde was also the name of a road that separated the Spandau Forest from the fields in front of it. This street has been called Hakenfelder Straße since 1953 .
Starting in 1934, there were violent conflicts between Christians of the Confessing Church and German Christians in the Lutheran congregation , to which Hakenfelde belonged at the time . In April 1933, by resolution of the parish church council, a Hitler oak tree was consecrated in front of the Wichern chapel on the occasion of the Führer's birthday. In the years that followed, it regularly became the location for nationalist propaganda events , also in connection with church services. The pastor of the "German Christians", Johannes Rehse, held "German confirmation ceremonies" and end-of-year church services with a National Socialist character, which had little in common with the agenda of Protestant church services. A strong group of about 150 members of the congregation stood behind the confessional pastor Hermann Bunke. On January 1, 1937, the church authorities made the Wichern district an independent parish and appointed Hermann Bunke as the sole parish priest. Johannes Rehse continued to try to enforce celebrations in the Wichernkirche by submitting petitions and circumventing resolutions, which he succeeded on several occasions. After the end of the Nazi era , Rehse left Berlin. Hermann Bunke, who led the Spandau district synod of the Confessing Church together with the church elder Friedrich from 1942 during the imprisonment of Superintendent Martin Albertz , remained pastor of the Wichern community until his retirement in 1956.
traffic
Hakenfelde could be reached by tram since 1904. Line H of the Spandau tram was extended that year to Niederneuendorfer Allee at the level of what later became Eschenweg and connected Hakenfelde via Streitstrasse to Spandau station (on the site of today's Stresow station ), from around 1924 it ran as line 54 or line 54. 75 via Ruhleben even to the Kupfergraben in Berlin-Mitte . Since 1962, line 55 has run from Hakenfelde to Zoologischer Garten station . The last tram in West Berlin ran on this line on October 2, 1967 ; it was replaced by bus line 97.
From 1923 to 1945 there was also the Spandau-West–Hennigsdorf narrow-gauge railway ("Electric No. 120") via Schönwalder Straße and then further over the tracks of the Bötzowbahn , stopping at the Stadtpark (today: Cautiusstraße), at the Johannesstift station and at Wichernstraße to connect the forest settlement . An industrial track branched off from the Bötzowbahn at the Johannesstift , which ran along the Wichernstraße to the Niederneuendorfer Allee and via which the Hakenfeld industrial companies were served by freight trains; The Oberhavel power plant was reached via another siding further north .
Hakenfelde is connected to the central Spandau train station (bus stop: S+U Rathaus Spandau) via several bus lines , from where there are connections to City West , to regional and long-distance traffic (including the ICE stop). The S-Bahn lines S3, S9 and the U-Bahn line U7 also end there . The M45 bus runs from the Johannesstift via Schönwalder Allee and the Rathaus Spandau stop to the Zoo train station , the line 136 runs from the Spandau Rathaus via Niederneuendorfer Allee to Aalemannufer or Tongaweg or to Hennigsdorf , and the M36 line runs from the bus station in Wilhelmstadt via the Heerstrasse and Rathaus Spandau through the water town of Oberhavel to Haselhorst . Bus route 139 runs from Hakenfeld's Werderstrasse via Siemensstadt to Paulsternstrasse or to the exhibition center / ZOB / ICC , while route 671 runs via Schönwalder Strasse to Paaren im Glien in Brandenburg .
The main roads through Hakenfelde are Schönwalder Straße and Schönwalder Allee from Falkenseer Platz to Schönwalde-Glien and Neuendorfer Straße/Streitstraße/Niederneuendorfer Allee to Hennigsdorf .
A car ferry commutes across the Havel on the Aalemannufer between Hakenfelde and Tegelort . A passenger ferry that connects the docks at Hakenfelde and Havelspitze with Tegelort, the islands of Valentinswerder and Maienwerder as well as Saatwinkel has only operated at weekends since 2011.
particularities
Almost two thirds of the district of Hakenfelde is made up of the Spandau Forest , a much-visited local recreation area with a deer park, walking and cycling paths such as the Berlin Wall Trail , the Berlin-Copenhagen Cycle Trail and the Havel Cycle Trail . With its two forest districts of Hakenfelde and Radeland, it stretches from the west bank of the Havel to the outskirts of the city in the north and west. In the Spandau Forest are the nature reserves Teufelsbruch, Großer and Kleiner Rohrpfuhl, the Kuhlake with the seepage ponds. Around 90 of the 120 bird species found in Berlin live here.
Eiskeller is located in the northwestern tip of Hakenfelde . It is a particularly cold region that, according to tradition, was used in earlier times as a storage place for ice from the nearby Falkenhagener See (today in the town of Falkensee ). Meteorological data are currently being collected there in a weather measuring station. During the division of Germany , Eiskeller was a West Berlin enclave in East Germany .
From 1961 to 1988, the former exclaves of Fichtewiese and Erlengrund , located to the north-east of Hakenfelde directly on the Havel, were a similar feature. During the GDR era, West Berlin citizens used these as a garden colony. The Erlengrund enclave could only be reached by boat from the opposite Berlin district of Konradshöhe, and the Fichtewiese enclave could only be reached through a gate in the border fence until an exchange of territory on July 1, 1988.
In the years 1907 to 1910 the Evangelische Johannesstift was built on the edge of the Spandau Forest. It was founded by Johann Hinrich Wichern as early as 1858 and built at the Tegel Forest in Plötzensee . There, however, it had to give way to the expansion of the western harbor and was relocated here with the collegiate church , facilities for the disabled, retirement homes, a hospital and two schools. The " Havelland Railway " set up a "Johannesstift station" on the Bötzow railway to Hennigsdorf, which is now closed; the name "Bahnhof Hakenfelde" could not be enforced for this.
Between 1914 and around 1940 the Hakenfelde forest settlement was built to the east of the Johannesstift site. Its oldest core has been under monument protection since 1986 .
The Hakenfelde correctional facility is located between the forest settlement and Niederneuendorfer Allee . Founded in 1978 as a subsidiary of JVA Düppel , it has been an independent facility since 1991. After a conversion phase, the prison service could be continued in new buildings in 1998 with 248 solitary confinement places (plus 170 places in the Kisselnallee subsidiary facility) - as a modern "self-serving institution for open prison". Well-known prisoners were the former East German politicians Egon Krenz , Günter Schabowski and Heinz Kessler , as well as the actor Karsten Speck , the professional boxer Graciano Rocchigiani and the scandal referee Robert Hoyzer . On the opposite side of Niederneuendorfer Allee is the Schützenhof , built in 1912 . It replaced the previous Schützenhaus from 1703, which was on Neuendorfer Straße and which the Schützenstraße there still reminds of. The house belongs to the Schützengilde zu Spandau Korp. 1334, which is one of the oldest rifle clubs in Germany (with 12,400 guilds , it is 14th in age).
The Oberhavel power plant used to be a few hundred meters north of the Schützenhof . In 1914, the municipal district power plant was connected to the power grid. There were often complaints from residents from Hakenfelde, but also from Heiligensee and Tegelort about noise pollution from the coal extraction from the crane and annoying noises from the cooling air generators. A remedy could be found. In 1959 the power plant was significantly expanded. Its chimney reached a height of 120 meters. In 1976 the construction of a new power plant in the midst of the Spandau city forest (location: Oberjägerweg) was announced. There were considerable protests from the citizens, who did not shy away from legal action against the project and ultimately prevented construction. Instead, the Reuter West power station was built in the Spandau industrial area on the Spree . After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the coal-fired power plant became less important. Since February 2002 the operation has been completely stopped. Demolition began in 2005 and was completed in 2009. The property was sold to an investor by the operator Vattenfall .
At the end of the 20th century, several quarters were created on the west bank of the Havel, which, together with areas in the district of Haselhorst on the east bank, were to form the water town of Oberhavel with 12,000 new apartments. On the occasion of Spandau's 800th anniversary in 1997, the part of the Havel between the citadel and Tegeler See was named Spandauer See . The "baptism" took place from the deck of the passenger ship Deutschland , which was anchored at Wröhmannenpark . The imposing construction of the Spandauer See Bridge is living proof of this event. In the Havelspitze district of the Wasserstadt, not far from the second Havel crossing with the name " Wasserstadtbrücke " from the year 2000, there is now also the Wasserstadt Citizens' Registration Office - on Hugo-Cassirer-Straße. In addition, the adjacent Nordhafen Spandau was dismantled. Terraced houses and comfortable city villas were built on the south bank, and a stepped waterfront promenade on the north bank as part of Maselake Park.
Between 1994 and 1997, the modern Aalemannufer residential district with 536 apartments was built on the north bank of the Aalemann Canal. In contrast to the Wasserstadt, which city planners believe is too high and too densely built up, the Aalemannufer district was specifically designed to be more individual and on a smaller scale.
The buildings of the former Siemens & Halske aviation equipment factory (LGW Hakenfelde) , erected between 1938 and 1942 according to plans by Hans Hertlein , are located on the Streitstrasse. Today, the buildings in the Carossa Quarter , named after the poet Hans Carossa , house u. a. numerous shops, a casino, an employment agency and a mosque .
The Sonnenhof Kaiser Wilhelm II has stood in the south-east of Hakenfelde since the turn of the 20th century . It is a Protestant children’s home, which was founded on the initiative of the pastor Alexander Spengler: he founded the association in 1894 to alleviate the misery of the workers’ children in his community for the Spandau-Neustadt daycare center, which initially started work in the basement of the school buildings. After purchasing a property on Neuendorfer Straße, the association built the orphanage with the great financial support of Kaiser Wilhelm II. It was inaugurated on October 8, 1906 and is now run as a Protestant children's home with 51 places. The care offers of the inpatient facility range from the home as a "second home" to family-related offers to shared apartments and supervised individual living. In addition to the main building on Neuendorfer Strasse, the groups are housed in three other buildings and also in individual apartments.
A curiosity is that the Großer Wall river island is under the administration of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district office .
churches
The evangelical Wichernkirche as a "wandering church" (it stood in Charlottenburg-Westend from 1897 to 1906 and in Siemensstadt from 1908 to 1932 ) was inaugurated in Hakenfelde on October 23, 1932 . A bell with a swastika symbol from that time hung in its roof turret. After repeated discussions in the community, the bell was replaced with a new bell funded by donations on December 14, 2017. With the Radeland community center on Schwanter Weg, built in the mid-1950s and inaugurated in its present form in 1992 , the Wichern-Radeland community (merged since 2004) has two locations in Hakenfelde. It belongs to the Spandau church district of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia .
The St. Lambertus Catholic community center on Cautiusstraße was consecrated on August 31, 1975. Along with the St. Elisabeth chapel in Fichtenweg, which was built in 1928 in today 's St. Elisabeth retirement home , the faithful in Hakenfelde have two places of worship. Since 2003 they have been part of the Spandau parish of Maria, Hilfe der Christen in the Deanery of Spandau of the Archdiocese of Berlin , from which the parish of St. Lambertus emerged in 1975.
The Holy Spirit Chapel of the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELK) on Schönwalder Allee was originally a city villa and was inaugurated in 1958 as a place of worship with a community hall and rectory. Until 2010, the house was also the seat of the superintendent of the Berlin-Brandenburg church district of the SELK.
schools
There are three primary schools in Hakenfelde:
- The school at the oak forest,
- the Carl Schurz School and
- the Evangelische Schule Spandau (primary school and integrated secondary school in the Johannesstift).
Also exist
- the Heinrich-Böll-Oberschule as an integrated secondary school with a Gymnasium upper level as well as
- the August-Hermann-Francke-School as a school with a focus on mental and physical-motor development (in the Johannesstift).
personalities
- Sascha Grammel (* 1974), comedian, puppeteer and ventriloquist, grew up in Hakenfelde.
See also
literature
- Community Church Council of the Evangelical Church Community Wichern-Radeland (ed.): " The church struggle is nowhere as hateful as in Hakenfelde." , Norderstedt 2020, ISBN 978-3-7504-6111-6 (authors: Lukas Menzel, Jürgen Elmen, Stephan Heine).
web links
itemizations
- ↑ berlin.de
- ↑ Map of the country initially Berlin . publisher d. Königl.Prussian.Landes-Foto, Spandau around 1869 ( memento from October 9, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Surroundings of Berlin. Bibliographic Institute in Leipzig, Spandau around 1894 ( memento from October 9, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Berlin and surroundings . F. A. Brockhaus' geogr. artist. Anstalt, Leipzig / Spandau around 1899 ( memento from October 9, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Spandau Dance of Death . In: The Mirror . No. 47 , 1947 ( online ).
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↑ Peter Noss: Berlin-Spandau - Wichernkapelle. In: Olaf Kühl-Freudenstein, Peter Noss, Claus P. Wagener (eds.): Church struggle in Berlin 1932-1945. 42 city stories. Berlin 1999, pp. 482–488.
Hans-Rainer Sandvoß: "It is requested to monitor the services..." Religious communities in Berlin between adaptation, self-assertion and resistance from 1933 to 1945. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-184-6 , p. 94 . - ↑ Claudia Fuchs: Berlin's North Pole . In: Berliner Zeitung , December 22, 2001.
- ↑ Berlin Wall Trail: overview map. ( Memento from April 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 12 MB) Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development
- ↑ Honecker rings twice . In: The Mirror . No. 13 , 1988, p. 89, 91 ( online ).
- ↑ Association of Garden Friends Spandau-Hakenfelde 1926 e. V. (ed.): Festschrift 1916-2006. Berlin 2006, p. 95 f.
- ↑ Lothar Münner: Small model settlement on the Aalemannufer . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 28, 1997.
- ↑ Berlin budget for the 2008/2009 budget years. (PDF; 5.0 MB) Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district budget. (No longer available online.) Senate Department for Finance, p. 14 , archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; retrieved 18 September 2015 .
- ↑ The spectators in Spandau are very honest. In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 3, 2017.
