Study Church of the Assumption of Mary (Dillingen an der Donau)
The Study Church of the Assumption of Mary was built at the beginning of the 17th century as the university church of the Collegium St. Hieronymi , the former Jesuit college in Dillingen on the Danube in the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia . In the middle of the 18th century, the church was redesigned in the Rococo style.
history
The Study Church of the Assumption was the church of the former University of Dillingen , founded by Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg (1514–1573). From 1564 until the abolition of the order in 1773, the Jesuits were in charge of the university. Until 1803 it was under the Augsburg monastery . At the site of the former University building, now Academy for Teacher Training and personnel management , was already a 1581/82 Marien chapel was built, to the 1583/84 one Michael chapel was built. From 1603/05 onwards, the Augsburg prince-bishop Heinrich V. von Knöringen (1570–1646) had new Konvikts buildings built and the new church was planned. For this purpose he had a brick factory built in Wittislingen that was supposed to deliver the building material. In 1611 Heinrich von Knöringen laid the foundation stone for a new church, which he consecrated on June 11, 1617 in honor of the Assumption of Mary . The bells that had been cast by Wolfgang Neidhardt in Augsburg were consecrated on January 15, 1617 .
The church is attributed to the builder Hans Alberthal (around 1575-1648), who worked for both the Eichstätter and the Augsburg prince-bishop and who settled in Dillingen on the Danube.
Between 1750 and 1768 the interior of the church was redesigned in the Rococo style. Wessobrunn plasterers , painters and sculptors such as Johann Georg Bergmüller (1688–1762), Johann Michael Fischer (1717–1801) or the Asam student Christoph Thomas Scheffler (1699–1756) were commissioned with the redesign .
architecture
Exterior construction
One as the church rises ridge turret on the east gable patch tower with a square dome and an obelisk-like tip.
The facade is structured by pilasters and large arched windows that are closed off by a cornice . A band of triglyphs and metopes , into which oval windows have been cut, runs under the roof approach . The west portal was created in 1768. Today you enter the church through the south portal, which dates back to the time it was built.
inner space
The structural scheme of the study church is a modification and simplification of the Jesuit church St. Michael in Munich . Like these, it stands at the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque and is one of the oldest wall pillar churches . The Dillingen study church has a single nave . On both sides of the nave there are four side chapels, which are embedded between the wall pillars that protrude far into the nave . They are covered with transverse barrels , which cut into the barrel vault of the nave as stab caps .
inner space
Choir
Double gallery in the west
Gallery grid
Piece
Stitch caps, window frames and belt arches are decorated with stucco , which was created around 1750/51 by artists from Wessobrunn.
Ceiling frescoes
The ceiling frescoes were carried out by Christoph Thomas Scheffler. The central theme of the simulated nave dome is Mary as Queen of Heaven, framed by angels and archangels , church fathers , prophets , martyrs and saints . The patron saint of the diocese of Augsburg, St. Ulrich , is depicted, as well as Pope Gregory the Great , the canonized Emperor Heinrich II, as well as the Jesuit saints Aloisius von Gonzaga (1568–1591) and Stanislaus Kostka (1550–1568), those of the Archangel Gabriel be directed.
On the side the cartridges of the subjects taught at the university are shown. From west to east: Albertus Magnus ( philosophy ), Cyprian ( rhetoric ), Ivo von Tréguier ( law ), Cosmas and Damian ( medicine ), Augustine ( apologetics ), Antoninus of Florence ( moral theology ), Hieronymus ( biblical theology ) and Thomas von Aquin ( dogmatics ).
The ceiling fresco of the choir depicts the coronation of Mary .
Mary Queen of Heaven
Nave fresco (detail)
Coronation of Mary
Furnishing
Main altar
The main altarpiece by Johann Georg Bergmüller shows the Assumption of Mary and is surrounded by larger-than-life wooden sculptures created by Johann Michael Fischer. They depict Ignatius von Loyola (1491–1556), the founder of the Jesuit order, and the co-founder of the order, Franz Xaver (1506–1552), as well as Aloisius von Gonzaga and Stanislaus Kostka.
The main altar is one of the few surviving stage altars in Germany. It was created by Johann Anwander (1715-1770) around 1760 and rediscovered during the restoration of the church in the 1990s. The passion of Christ, the crowning of thorns and flagellation, angel figures with the tools of passion, Christ on the cross and the resurrection of Christ can be represented in changing scenes .
Side altars
The side chapels are equipped with altars that are attributed to the master joiner Joseph Hardtmuth from Dillingen and the sculptor Johann Michael Fischer. To the left of the Hieronymus - or Fidelisaltar , from the relics are kept here, the altars of Ignatius of Loyola , of St. Ursula and the Aloisius - Stanislaus -Altar (by Johann Georg Bschorer ). The right side altars are dedicated to Mary , Franz Xaver and St. Joseph .
pulpit
The pulpit was created by Johann Michael Fischer around 1760. The symbols of the evangelists are depicted on the pulpit , above the divine virtues . Faith is symbolized by the cross, hope by an anchor and love by a child and a heart of flames. The allegories of the four continents adorn the sound cover , which is crowned by a triumphant angel, and indicate the missionary activity of the Jesuits.
Confessionals
The three-part confessionals under the west gallery date from around 1700. They are decorated with acanthus flowers and leaves .
Epitaphs
In 1657, Bishop Sigismund Franz (1630–1665) had the epitaphs built by Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, the founder of the university, and Heinrich V von Knöringen, its second sponsor and builder of the study church. Cardinal von Waldburg died in Rome in 1573, in 1614 his bones were transferred to Dillingen and buried in the study church in 1643. The bones of Heinrich von Knöringen are also buried in the study church.
organ
The organ of the study church was rebuilt in 1871 by the organ builder Balthasar Pröbstl from Füssen . It is located on the upper floor of the west gallery and is housed in two classicist housings that are symmetrically arranged between the three windows. The organ has mechanical slide chests in the manual works and a cone chest in the pedal . The gaming table is free-standing. In 1874 Pröbstl added an 8 ′ trumpet and a 16 ′ bassoon to the organ. In executing the reed pipes there is a regional feature: The bassoon and accordion (the latter without cup) were provided with free reeds.
The organ was restored by Rudolf Kubak in the 80s of the last century . In 1991 the organ was subjected to a general refurbishment by the local organ building company Sandtner ; The pedal keyboard and the action structure were also revised. The instrument has been preserved in its original form and is considered a monument organ . The two-manual instrument has 18 registers . The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Bells
The four bells of the study church were cast in 1616 by Wolfgang Neidhardt , the Augsburg city caster , and delivered on New Year's Eve . This bell has been preserved to this day.
literature
- Ludwig Häring: The study church in Dillingen / Danube . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2005, ISBN 3-89870-236-7 .
- Daniel Keßler, Friedrich Zoepfl , Adalbert Vogel: The study church in Dillingen . Dillingen an der Donau no year
Web links
- Photos of the furnishings in the study church, in the Warburg Institute Iconographic Database .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Baltasar Pröbstl (Ed. Alfred Reichling): House Chronicle. Merseburger, 1998, ISBN 3-87537-153-4 , p. 112.
- ↑ a b Georg Brenninger: Organs in Swabia . Bruckmann, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7654-2001-8 , p. 140.
- ^ Ludwig Häring: The study church in Dillingen / Danube. Kirchenführer, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2005, ISBN 3-89870-236-7 , p. 45.
- ^ Ludwig Häring: The study church in Dillingen / Danube. Kirchenführer, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2005, ISBN 3-89870-236-7 , p. 62.
Coordinates: 48 ° 34 ′ 37.5 ″ N , 10 ° 29 ′ 27 ″ E