Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

File:Nordamerikanische Kulturareale en.png

Cultural regions of North American people at the time of European contact.

Early Indian languages in the US

Early Indian languages in Alaska

United States and Canada
Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). The following list groups peoples by their region of origin, followed by the current location. See the individual article on each tribe or First Nation for a history of their movements. See the List of Native American Tribal Entities for the United States' official list of recognized Native American tribes. The regions are:

Inuktitut dialect map

Arctic

• Aleut
• Inuit
  • Inuvialuit
  • Inupiat
• Yupik

Subarctic

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Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna) Anishinaabe (see also Northeast Woodlands, Plains) Oji-Cree (Anishinini, Severn Ojibwa) Ontario, Manitoba Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Ontario, Manitoba, Minnesota Atikamekw Bearlake Chipewyan Cree Dakelh Babine Wet'suwet'en Deg Hit’an (Deg Xinag, Degexit’an, Kaiyuhkhotana) Dena’ina (Dialects: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River) Dogrib Dunneza (Beaver) Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux) Hän Hare Holikachuk Innu Kaska (Nahane) Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim) Koyukon Mountain

Naskapi Sekani Slavey (Dialects: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson) Tagish Tahltan Lower Tanana Middle Tanana Upper Tanana Tanacross Tasttine (Beaver) Inland Tlingit Tsetsaut (extinct) Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) Northern Tutchone Southern Tutchone Yellowknives

California

Achomawi (Pit River Indians) Antoniaño Atsugewi Bear River Cahuilla Campo Chemehuevi Chukchansi Chumash (Dialects: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik) Chilula Chimariko Coast Miwok Costanoan - see Ohlone Cupeño Diegueño - see Kumeyaay Esselen Fernandeño - see Tataviam Gabrieliño - see Tongva Giamina Huchnom Hupa Ipai - see Kumeyaay Jamul Juaneño Kamia Karok Kato Kiliwa Kitanemuk Klamath Konkow - see Maidu Konomihu Kumeyaay (Diegueño) Lake Miwok Lassik Luiseño Maidu Mattole Mesa Grande Migueleño Mission Indians Miwok (Me-wuk) Modoc Mohave Monache Nakipa

Nisenan Nomlaki Nongatl Ohlone (Divisions: Karkin, Ramaytush, Chochenyo, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen) Okwanuchu Paipai (Akwa'ala) Paiute (Northern, Southern) Patwin Pit River - see Achomawi Pomo Rumsen - see Ohlone Salinan San Clemente San Nicolas Santa Catalina Serrano Shasta Sierra Miwok Sinkyone Suisunes Tache Tachi tribe Tataviam (Fernandeño) Tipai - see Kumeyaay Tolowa Tongva (Gabrieliño) Tsnungwe Tubatulabal Wai-lakki Wappo Washoe Whilkut Wintu Wintun Wiyot Valley Miwok Yahi Yelamu Yana Yocha Dehe Yokuts Yuki (Ukomno'm) Yurok

Northeast Woodlands

Abenaki Accohannock Maryland Algonquian lower Saint Lawrence River Anishinaabe (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Plains) Algonquin Quebec, Ontario Nipissing Ontario Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota Mississaugas Ontario Saulteaux (Nakawē) Ontario Ottawa (Odawa) Ontario, Michigan Potawatomi Ontario, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin Beothuk formerly Newfoundland, no longer exist Caniba Chicora Eastern NC & SC Chowanoc in North Carolina. Congarees in North Carolina Piscataway-Conoy Coree in North Carolina. Eno. North Carolina Erie Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet) Fox Hatteras Ho-Chunk Wisconsin Winnebago Wisconsin around Green Bay, now Nebraska Honniasont Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia Hopewell Ohio and Black River region Huron/Wyandot Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma and Wendake, Quebec Illinois Illinois Miami Indiana, now Oklahoma Peoria Illinois, now Oklahoma Wea Iroquois New York Cayuga Mohawk — Kahnawake, Quebec Oneida Onondaga Seneca Tuscarora Jaupin or Weapemoc. North Carolina. Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico Keyauwee, North Carolina Laurentian/St. Lawrence Iroquoians Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Ontario and Oklahoma Munsee Unami Unalachtigo Loup A Loup B Lumbee

Machapunga in North Carolina Maliseet Maine, Quebec, and New Brunswick, Canada Mascouten Massachusett Massachusetts Ponkapoag Meherrin Menominee Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia Mahican Micmac Mohegan Montauk New York Nanticoke Narragansett Rhode Island Neusiok North Carolina Neutral Niantic Nipmuck Massachusetts Nottaway North Carolina Ocaneechee Pamlico Pasquotank Passamaquoddy Maine Pee Dee (tribe) Penobscot Maine Pequot Petun Pocumtuk Poospatuck New York Potawatomi, Michigan Potoskeet North Carolina Powhatan Virginia Quinnipiac Connecticut, eastern New York, northern New Jersey, Long Island Hammonasset, Mattabesec, Mattatuck, Menunkatuck, Meriden (tribe), Mioonkhtuck, Naugatuck (people), Nehantic, Paugusset, Podunk (people), Potatuck, Totoket, Tunxis, Wangunk, Wepawaug Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey Santee of South Carolina Saponi Virginia and North Carolina Sauk Schaghticoke Western Connecticut Secotan Sewee Shakori, North Carolina Shawnee Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania [most ended up in Oklahoma] Shinnecock New York Sissipahaw Souriquoian Sugaree Susquehannock Tarrantine (Tarranteen), see Abenaki, Micmac Unquachog Waccamaw Wampanoag Massachusetts Wappinger Wateree Wawenoc Waxhaw in North Carolina and South Carolina Wenrohronon Pennsylvania and New York Woccon Wyandot/Huron Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma and Wendake, Quebec

Great Basin

• Bannock
• Chemehuevi
• Gosiute Utah
• Kawaiisu
• Koso (Panamint)
• Mono
• Owen's Valley (Native Americans)
• Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
• Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
• Paviotso
• Pima
• Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
• Timbisha
• Tohono O'odham
• Ute Utah, Colorado
• Washo Nevada, California

Plateau

Cayuse Oregon Celilo (Wayampam) Upper Chinookan (Dialects: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River, Wasco, Wishram, Kathlamet, Cathlamet, Multnomah) Columbian (Dialects: Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan) Coeur d'Alene Idaho Colville Washington Upper Cowlitz Flathead (Selisch or Salish) Idaho and Montana Klamath Oregon Klickitat Tribe Washington Kootenai/Ktunaxa British Columbia, Montana, Idaho Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam) Modoc California, Oregon Molala (Molale) Oregon Nez Perce Idaho Nicola Athapaskans (extinct) Nicola people Nlaka'pamux aka the Thompson people Okanagan (Siylx), BC & Washington

Palus (Palouse) Pend'Oreilles (Kalispel) Washington Rock Creek Sahaptin people Sanpoil (tribe) Secwepemc (Shuswap) British Columbia Sinixt (Lakes) British Columbia, Washington, Idaho Spokane Washington St'at'imc (Lillooet) Lil'wat In-SHUCK-ch Tygh Tygh Valley Umatilla Oregon Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan) Walla Walla Oregon Wanapum Wasco Oregon Yakama Washington

Northwest Coast

Main article: Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast

Ahantchuyuk - see Kalapuya Alsea Applegate Atfalati - see Kalapuya Bella Bella - see Heiltsuk Bella Coola - see Nuxalk Burrard - see Tsleil-waututh Calapooia - see Kalapuya Calapuya - see Kalapuya Central Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Chasta Costa - see Rogue River Chehalis (Upper and Lower) Washington Chehalis (BC), Fraser Valley Chemakum Washington (extinct) Chetco - see Tolowa Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco) Clallam - see Klallam Clatsop Clatskanie (Tlatskanie) Comox Vancouver Island/BC Georgia Strait Coos {Hanis} Oregon Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon Upper Coquille Cowichan Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait Lower Cowlitz Washington Duwamish Washington Eyak Alaska Galice Gitxsan, British Columbia Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) BC & Alaska Haisla BC North/Central Coast Haihai Kimsquit Kitimaat Heiltsuk BC Central Coast Hoh Washington Kalapuya (Calapooia, Calapuya) North Kalapuya Yamhill (Yamel) Tualatin Tfalati (Atfalati) Central Kalapuya Santiam Mary's River Lakmiut Ahantchuyuk Lower McKenzie (Mohawk people (Oregon)) South Kalapuya (Yonkalla, Yoncalla) Klallam (Clallam, Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble)) Klickitat Kwalhioqua Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl) Koskimo 'Namgis Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws or Yuculta) Kwalhioqua Kwatami Lakmiut - see Kalapuya

Lower McKenzie - see Kalapuya Lummi Washington Makah Washington Mary's River - see Kalapuya Muckleshoot Washington Musqueam BC Lower Mainland (Vancouver) Nisga'a, British Columbia Nisqually - Washington Nooksack Washington North Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Nisqually Washington Nuu-chah-nulth West Coast of Vancouver Island Nuxalk (Bella Coola) - BC Central Coast Oowekeno - see Wuikinuxv Pentlatch Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait (extinct) Puyallup Washington Quileute Washington Quinault Washington Rivers Inlet - see Wuikinuxv Rogue River or Upper Illinois Oregon, California Saanich Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait Samish Washington Santiam - see Kalapuya Sauk-Suiattle Washington Sechelt BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (Shishalh) Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington Siletz Oregon Siuslaw Oregon Skagit Skokomish Washington Skwxwu7mesh (Squamish), British Columbia Sliammon BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (Mainland Comox) Snohomish Snoqualmie Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo), Vancouver Island Songhees (Songish) Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca Sooke Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca South Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Squaxin Island Tribe Washington Spokane Washington Stillaguamish Washington Stó:lō, BC Lower Mainland/Fraser Valley Kwantlen Katzie Squamish - see Skwxwu7mesh Suquamish Washington Swinomish Washington Tait Takelma Oregon Talio Tfalati - see Kalapuya Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon Tlatlasikoala Tlingit Alaska Tolowa-Tututni Tsimshian Tsleil-waututh (Burrard) - British Columbia Tualatin - see Kalapuya Tulalip Washington Twana Washington Tzouk-e (Sooke) Vancouver Island Lower Umpqua Oregon Upper Umpqua Oregon Upper Skagit Washington Wuikinuxv (Owekeeno), BC Central Coast Yamel - see Kalapuya Yamhill - see Kalapuya Yaquina Yoncalla - see Kalapuya Yonkalla - see Kalapuya

Plains

Main article: Plains Indians

Further information: Native American tribes in Nebraska

Anishinaabe (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Northeast Woodlands) Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwe, Nakawē) British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Chippewa Cree Montana Ottawa (Odawa) Oklahoma Potawatomi Kansas, Oklahoma Jicarilla Apache New Mexico Lipan Apache New Mexico, Texas Mescalero Apache New Mexico Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache) Oklahoma Arapaho (Arapahoe, Arrapahoe) Oklahoma, Wyoming Besawunena Nawathinehena Arikara (Arikaree, Arikari, Ree) North Dakota Atsina (Gros Ventre) Montana Blackfoot Kainah (Blood) Alberta Northern Peigan Alberta Piegan (Blackfeet) Montana Siksika Alberta Cheyenne Montana, Oklahoma Comanche Oklahoma Plains Cree Montana Crow (Absaroka, Apsáalooke) Montana Hasinai Hidatsa North Dakota

Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma Kaw (Kansa, Kanza) Oklahoma Kiowa Oklahoma Kitsai (Kichai) Oklahoma Mandan North Dakota Missouri (Missouria) Oklahoma Omaha Nebraska Osage Oklahoma Otoe (Oto) Oklahoma Pawnee (dialects: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma Quapaw Oklahoma Sioux Dakota Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan Lakota (Teton) Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Saskatchewan Stoney Alberta Assiniboine (Assiniboin) Montana, Saskatchewan (Fort Peck Indian Reservation is home to Assiniboine and Sioux) Tonkawa Oklahoma Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina) Alberta Wichita (Affiliated Tribes − Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi) Oklahoma

Southeast

Abihka Alabama Adaes - see Adai Acolapissa Louisiana Adahi - see Adai Adai (Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) Louisiana Adaise - see Adai Adaizan - see Adai Adaizi - see Adai Adees - see Adai Ais Florida Akokisa Texas southeast coast Alabama Alabama Alafay (Alafia, Pojoy, Pohoy, Costas Alafeyes, Alafaya Costas) Florida Amacano Florida Apalachee Florida Apalachicola Georgia, Florida Atakapa (Attacapa) Louisiana west coast Atayos - see Adai Attacapa - see Atakapa Avoyel ("little Natchez") northern Texas Backhooks Nation (=Pahoc ?) South Carolina Bayogoula southeastern Louisiana Bidai eastern Texas Biloxi Mississippi Boca Ratones Florida Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas Calusa Florida Cape Fear Indians North Carolina southern coast Catawba South Carolina Chacato (Chatot, Chactoo) West Florida Chawasha Cheraw (Chara, Charàh) North Carolina Cherokee North Carolina, Eastern Tennessee; later Oklahoma Chiaha Chickahominy Virginia Chickamauga A Branch of Cherokee in Southeastern Tennessee, Northeastern Georgia Chickanee (Chiquini) North Carolina Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, later Oklahoma Chine Florida Chisca (Cisca) Florida Chitimacha Louisiana Choctaw Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of Louisiana; later Oklahoma Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia Congaree (Canggaree) South Carolina Coree North Carolina Coushatta Louisiana Coharie North Carolina Cusabo coastal South Carolina Eno (people) North Carolina Eyeish (Hais, Aliche, Aiche) eastern Texas Garza Texas, northern Mexico Grigra Guacata (Santalûces) Florida Guacozo Florida Guazoco Florida Guale (Iguaja, Ybaja) coastal Georgia & Florida Hitchiti Georgia, Alabama, Florida Hooks Nation (=Huaq ?) South Carolina Houma Louisiana Iswa Jaega Florida Jobe (Hobe) Florida, part of Jaega Jororo Florida Keyauwee North Carolina Koasati Koroa Luca (tribe) Florida Lumbee North Carolina Manahoac Virginia Mattaponi Virginia Matecumbe (Matacumbêses, Matacumbe, Matacombe) Florida coast Mayaca (tribe) Florida Mayaimi Florida Mayajuaca Florida Meherrin North Carolina Mikasuki (Miccosukee) Florida Mobila (Mobile, Movila) Alabama, western Florida(?) Mocoso Florida Monacan Virginia Monyton (Moneton, Monekot, Moheton) (Siouan) West Virginia, Virginia Mougoulacha southeastern Louisiana Nahyssan Virginia Naniaba Alabama

Nansemond Virginia Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana Neusiok (Newasiwac, Neuse River Indians) North Carolina Nottaway Occaneechi (Siouan) Virginia Oconee Georgia, Florida Ofo Okchai (Ogchay) Okelousa Louisiana Opelousa Louisiana Osochee (Oswichee, Usachi, Oosécha) Pacara Florida Pakana (Pacâni, Pagna, Pasquenan, Pak-ká-na, Pacanas) Pamlico (North Carolina) Pamunkey Virginia Pascagoula Mississippi coast Patiri southeastern Texas Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina Pensacola Florida panhandle Quinipissa southeastern Louisiana Rappahannock Tribe Virginia Saluda (Saludee, Saruti) South Carolina Santee (Seretee, Sarati, Sati, Sattees) South Carolina (≠Santee Sioux) Santa Luces Florida Saponi Saura North Carolina Sawokli (Sawakola, Sabacola, Sabacôla, Savacola) Florida Saxapahaw (Sissipahua, Shacioes) North Carolina Seminole Florida, Oklahoma Sewee (Suye, Joye, Xoye, Soya) South Carolina coast Shoccoree (Schockoorees ?) North Carolina (also Virginia?) Stegara Stuckanox Sugeree (Sagarees, Sugaws, Sugar, Succa) South Carolina Surruque Florida Suteree (Sitteree, Sutarees, Sataree) North Carolina Taensa Tawasa Virginia Tequesta Florida Terocodame Codam Hieroquodame Oodame Perocodame Teroodame Timucua Florida, Georgia Acuera Florida Agua Fresca Florida Arapaha Florida Itafi (or Icafui) Florida Mocama Florida, Georgia Northern Utina Florida, Ocale Florida Oconi Florida, Georgia Potano Florida Tucururu Florida Yufera Georgia Yustaga Florida Tiou Tocaste Florida Tocobaga Florida Tohomé Alabama Tomahitan eastern Tennessee Topachula Florida Tukabahchee (Tuk-ke-bat-che) Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (later Niagara Falls, NY) Tuskegee Tutelo Tunica Mississippi Utiza Florida Vicela Florida Viscaynos Florida Waccamaw South Carolina Wateree (Guatari, Watterees) North Carolina Waxhaw (Waxsaws, Wisack, Wisacky, Weesock, Flathead) South Carolina Westo Virginia, South Carolina Wetumpka (Wee-tam-ka) Winyaw South Carolina Woccon Yamasee Florida, Georgia, South Carolina Yazoo Yuchi

Southwest

Acoma Ak Chin Arizona Apachean Chiricahua Jicarilla Mescalero Navajo (Navaho, Diné) Arizona, New Mexico Western Apache (Coyotero Apache) Arizona Apaches Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma Aranama (aka Hanáma, Hanáme, Chaimamé, Charinames, Xaranames, Taranames) Coahuiltecan Texas, northern Mexico Cochimi Baja California Cochiti Cocopa Arizona Comecrudo Texas, northern Mexico Cotoname (aka Carrizo de Camargo) Genízaro Arizona, New Mexico Halchidhoma Hano Hualapai Havasupai Arizona Hohokam Arizona Hopi Arizona Isleta Isleta del Sur Jemez Jumano Karankawa Kavelchadhom Keres Laguna Los Luceros Mamulique Texas, northern Mexico Maricopa Mohave Nambe

Pecos Picuris Pima Arizona Pima Bajo Piro Pueblo people New Mexico Qahatika Quechan Arizona Quems Sandia (Nafiat was the name for the Bernalillo pueblo) San Carlos San Felipe San Idelfonso San Juan Santa Ana Santa Clara Santo Domingo Solano Suma Taos Tesuque Tewa Tigua Tamique Toboso Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona Ubate Walapai Yaqui Yavapai, (Mojave-Apache) see Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott Tribe Arizona (often confused with Tonto Apache and Mojave) Yuma (Quechan) Zia Zuni

Latin America and the Caribbean

The indigenous peoples of Central and South America are generally classified by language, environment, and cultural similarities.

Caribbean

• Arawak
  • Taino
  • Lucayan
• Carib
• Ciboney
• Kuna

Mesoamerica

• Nahua
• Cora people
• Lenca
• Maya
  • • Itzá
    • Lacandon
    • Mopán
    • Yucatec (Maya proper)
  • Ch'ol
  • Ixil
  • Jacaltec
  • Kaqchikel
  • Kekchi
  • Mam
  • Poqomam
  • Quiché
  • Tojolabales
  • Tzotzil
  • Tzeltal
  • Tz'utujil
• Mazatec
• Mixtec
• Olmec
• Otomi
• Pipil
• Tarascan (P'urhépecha)
• Tlapanec
• Xinca
• Zapotec

Aridoamerica

• Aripes
• Acaxees
• Callejees
• Catujanes
• Chichimeca
  • Caxcan
  • Guachichil
  • Guamares
  • Pame
  • Tecuexe
  • Zacatec
• Cochimí
• Cocapás
• Guaycunes
• Guaycuras
• Huastec
• Huichol
• Irritila
• Janambre
• Monquis
• Ópata
• Pericúes (Pericu)
• Seri
• Tamaholipa
• Tarahumara
• Tepehuán
• Uchitíes
• Ximpece
• Xiximes

Andean

• Atacameño
• Aymara
• Conchucos
• Diaguita
• Inca
• Kogi
• Moche
• Quechua
• Saraguro
• Wanka

Sub-Andean

• Panoan
• Shuar (Jívaro, Jibaro)

Western Amazon

• Amahuaca
• Bora People
• Candoshi
• Flecheiro
• Huaorani
• Kanamari
• Korubu
• Kugapakori-Nahua
• Kulina
• Machiguenga
• Marubo
• Mashco-Piro
• Matis
• Matses
• Mayoruna
• Sharpas
• Shipibo
• Tsohom Djapá
• Ticuna
• Tukanoan
• Witoto
• Yaminahua
• Yagua
• Yora

Central Amazon

• Kayapo
• Tapirape
• Tupian
• Yanomami

Eastern and Southern Amazon

• Chuncho
• Ge
  • Bororo
• Tupian
  • Guarani Paraguay

Gran Chaco

• Abipon (verdwenen)
• Angaite (Angate)
• Ayore (Morotoco, Moro, Zamuco)
• Chamacoco (Ishiro)
• Chané
• Chiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi)
• Chorote
  • Manjuy (Iyo'wujwa Chorote)
  • Iyojwa'ja Chorote
• Chulupí (Chulupe, Nivaclé, Ashluslay, Guentusé)
• Guana (Kaskihá)
• Guaraní
  • Bolivian Guarani
    • Chiriguano
    • Guarayo (East Bolivian Guarani)
  • Chiripá (Tsiripá, Ava)
  • Pai Tavytera (Pai, Montese, Ava)
  • Tapieté (Ñandeva)
  • Yuqui (Bia)
• Mbayá (Kadiweu, Caduveo, Guaycurú)
• Lengua (tribe) (Enxet)
  • North Lengua (Eenthlit)
  • South Lengua
• Lulé (Pelé, Tonocoté)
• Maca (Towolhi)
• Mocoví (Mocobí)
• Pilagá (Pilage Toba)
• Sanapana (Quiativis)
• Toba (Qom, Frentones)
• Vilela
• Wichí (Mataco)

Southern Cone

• Araucanian (Mapuche)
  • Huilliche (Huillice, Hlliche)
  • Lafquenche
  • Mapuche
  • Pehuenche
  • Picunche
  • Promaucae
• Chaná (extinct)
• Chandule (Chandri)
• Charrúa
• Chono (extinct)
• Comechingon (Henia-Camiare)
• Haush (Manek'enk, Mánekenk, Aush)
• Het (Querandí) (extinct)
  • Chechehet
  • Didiuhet
  • Taluhet
• Huarpe (Warpes) (extinct)
  • Allentiac (Alyentiyak)
  • Millcayac (Milykayak)
  • Oico
• Kaweshkar (Alacaluf, Halakwulup)
• Mbeguá (extinct)
• Minuane (extinct)
• Puelche (Guenaken, Pampa) (extinct)
• Tehuelche
  • Künün-a-Güna (Gennakenk, Gennaken, Noordelijke Tehuelche)
  • Küwach-a-Güna
  • Mecharnúekenk
  • Aónikenk (Zuidelijke Tehuelche)
• Selk'nam (Ona)
• Yamana or Yaghan
• Yaro (Jaro)

Languages

• For a general discussion, see Indigenous languages of the Americas
• For a grouping of languages by culture area, see Category:Indigenous languages of the Americas.

• Aridoamercan tribes by location: [1], in Spanish
• Mesoamercan tribes by location: [2], in Spanish