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[[Image:Dante exile.jpg|thumb|Dante in exile, by an anonymous artist.]]

'''Exile''' means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state or country) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return. It can be a form of punishment.<ref Name="Hobbes">{{cite book |last=Hobbes |first=Thomas |title=Leviathan; Or, The Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil |publisher=George Routledge and Sons |date=1886 |location= |pages=Page 145 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8-QtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Exile+can+be+a+form+of+punishment.&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1 | doi = |id= }}</ref>

It is common to distinguish between ''internal exile'', i.e., forced resettlement within the country of residence, and ''external exile'', [[deportation]] outside the country of residence. {{Fact|date=October 2007}}

Exile can also be a self-imposed departure from one's homeland. Self-exile is often practiced as form of protest or to avoid persecution.

==Personal exile==
[[Image:SurikovMenshikovBerezovo.jpg|thumb|[[Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov|Prince Menshikov]] in [[Beryozovo]], Siberia]]

Exile was used particularly for political opponents of those in power. The use of exile for political purposes can sometimes be useful for the government because it prevents the exilee from organizing in their native land or from becoming a [[martyr]]. People feared exile and banishment so much because it effectively meant that they were going to die. In European history, at a time prior to Roman invasion, people lived completely co-dependently in farm towns where everyone had a function. Exile represented a severe punishment, particularly for those, like [[Ovid]] or [[Du Fu]], exiled to strange or backward regions, cut off from all of the possibilities of life as well as their families and associates. [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] describes the pain of exile in ''[[The Divine Comedy]]'':

:«. . . Tu lascerai ogne cosa diletta
:più caramente; e questo è quello strale
:che l'arco de lo essilio pria saetta.
:Tu proverai sì come sa di sale
:lo pane altrui, e come è duro calle
:lo scendere e 'l salir per l'altrui scale . . .»

:". . . You will leave everything you love most:
:this is the arrow that the bow of exile
:shoots first. You will know how salty
:another's bread tastes and how hard it
:is to ascend and descend
:another's stairs . . ."

:Paradiso XVII: 55-60

Exile has been softened, to some extent, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as exiles have received welcome in other countries and have either created new communities within those countries or, less frequently, returned to their [[homeland]]s following the demise of the regime that exiled them.

==Government in exile==
{{main|Government in exile}}

During a foreign [[Military occupation|occupation]] or after a [[coup d'etat]], a ''government in exile'' of a such afflicted country may be established abroad. One of the most well-known instances of this is the [[Central Tibetan Administration]], a government in exile led by the [[Dalai Lama]] in [[India]], who claims to be the legitimate ruler of the historical [[Tibet]]‎.

==Nation in exile==
{{main|Diaspora|Refugee}}

When large groups, or occasionally a whole people or nation is exiled, it can be said that this nation is in ''exile'', or '''[[Diaspora]]'''. Nations that have been in exile for substantial periods include the [[Jew]]s, who were deported by [[Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon]] in 597 BC and again in the years following the destruction of the second [[Temple in Jerusalem]] in the year AD 70.
After the [[partitions of Poland]] in the late 18th century, and following the uprisings (like [[Kościuszko Uprising]], [[November Uprising]] and [[January Uprising]]) against the partitioning powers ([[Russian Empire]], [[Prussia]] and [[Austro-Hungary]]), many Poles have chosen - or been forced - to go into exile, forming large diasporas (known as [[Polonia]]), especially in France and the United States.The entire population of [[Crimean Tatars]] (200,000) that remained in their homeland [[Crimea]] was exiled on 18 May 1944 to Central Asia as a form of [[ethnic cleansing]] and [[collective punishment]] on false accusations. At [[Diego Garcia]], between 1967 and 1973 the British Government forcibly removed some 2,000 [[Chagossians|Chagossian]] resident islanders to make way for a [[military base]] today jointly operated by the US and UK.

==Tax exile==
{{main|Tax exile}}

A wealthy citizen who departs from a former abode for a lower tax jurisdiction (a "[[tax haven]]") in order to reduce his/her [[taxation|tax burden]] is termed a ''tax exile''.

==Notable people who have been in exile==
* [[Holly Ann Collins]]‎ and her three children were the only Americans that were granted asylum in the Netherlands in 1997.
* [[Julia the Elder]], daughter of [[Augustus]] and exiled by him from Rome until her death (2 to 14 or 15).
* [[Seneca the Younger]], exiled from Rome 41-49 by [[Caligula]]
*[[Charlie Chaplin]], in exile from the United States 1952-1972.
*The 14th [[Dalai Lama]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] exiled to India from Tibet in 1959.
*[[Pablo Neruda]], 1948-1952.
*[[Bahadur Shah Zafar]], last [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] King exiled to Rangoon after 1857.
*[[Wajid Ali Shah]], last King of [[Awadh]] exiled to Calcutta.
*[[Abd el-Krim]], the [[Rif]]fian guerilla leader, exiled from [[Morocco]] to the island of [[Réunion]] (a French territory).
*[[Manuel Altolaguirre]], exiled from Spain, to [[Cuba]] and [[Mexico]].
*[[Michel Aoun]], exiled from [[Lebanon]], to France, returned in May 2005
*[[Reinaldo Arenas]] exiled from [[Cuba]], to United States
*[[Nawaz Sharif]] exiled from [[Pakistan]], to [[Saudi Arabia]] and then moved to [[England]] and some other countries.
*[[Muhammad]] exiled from Mecca in 622 to [[Medina]]. Returned to [[Mecca]] 8 years later.
*[[Mirza Tahir Ahmad]] 4th Caliph of the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]], exiled from [[Pakistan]] in 1984, died in London in 2003
*[[Shahbaz Sharif]] exiled from [[Pakistan]], to [[Saudi Arabia]].
*[[Aloysius Ambrozic]]
*Regent of Hungary, [[Miklós Horthy]] exiled [[Cascais]], [[Portugal]]
*[[Umberto II]], [[King of Italy]] exiled to [[Portugal]]
*[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]], exiled from [[Haiti]], to [[Venezuela]] and United States (1990-1994), and then to [[Central African Republic]] and [[South Africa]] (2004-present)
*[[Miguel Ángel Asturias]] exiled from [[Guatemala]] to France
*[[Francisco Ayala]], exiled from Spain to [[Argentina]]
*[[Michel Bakunin]], fled from Russia
*Emperor [[Bao Dai]] of Vietnam
*Crown Prince [[Bao Long]] of Vietnam
*Saint [[Thomas à Becket]], fled to France
*[[Gioconda Belli]], exiled from [[Nicaragua]], to [[Mexico]]
*[[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] exiled from France to [[Elba]] and, later, [[St Helena]]
*[[Napoleon III]] went into exile in England.
*[[King Kigeli V of Rwanda]] exiled from [[Rwanda]] to [[Uganda]] and, later, received political asylum to live in the United States
*[[Andrej Bajuk]]
*[[Willy Brandt]] exiled to [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], during the Nazi era
*[[Bertolt Brecht]]
*[[Breyten Breytenbach]]
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], exiled from [[Soviet Union]] to United States
*[[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]], exiled from United Kingdom, to Italy and [[Ottoman Empire]]
*[[Pau Casals]], self-exiled during the [[Spanish Civil War]], vowing not to return before democracy was restored in Spain. He died in exile, in 1973. [[Francisco Franco]] died in 1975, restoring the monarchy, which became constitutional by degrees.
*[[Alejo Carpentier]], exiled from [[Cuba]] to [[Haiti]] and [[Venezuela]]
*[[Frédéric Chopin]], exiled from [[Poland]] to France
*[[Marcus Tullius Cicero]], exiled in 58 BC in a political controversy that involved his [[Marcus Tullius Cicero#Exile and Return|execution]] of six members of a conspiracy to overthrow the [[Roman Republic]]. He was recalled a year later to cheering crowds.
*[[El Cid]], banned from [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], served other Iberian kings ending with the conquest of [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]]
* [[Dante Alighieri]], Medieval Itialian poet and author of the [[Divine Comedy]], Sentenced to two years of Exile and forced to pay a fine when the Black Guelfs took control of Florence. However Dante could not pay his fine because he was staying at Rome at the request of [[Pope Boniface VIII]] and was considered to be an absconder and sentenced to permanent exile.
*[[Nadia Comăneci]], famous Romanian gymnast, self-exiled to United States
*[[Lluís Companys]], exiled from [[Catalonia]], Spain to France in 1939 after the [[Spanish Civil War]]
*[[Gustave Courbet]], French painter, died in political exile from France
*[[Celia Cruz]], exiled from [[Cuba]] to United States
*[[Humberto Delgado]], exiled from [[Portugal]] to [[Brazil]] and [[Algeria]]
*[[Porfirio Díaz]], exiled from [[Mexico]] to France
*[[Ariel Dorfman]], exiled from [[Chile]], to United States
*[[Du Fu]]
*[[Jean-Claude Duvalier]], exiled form [[Haiti]] to France
*[[Albert Einstein]] self-exiled from Germany to the United States
*[[Farinelli]] self exiled from Italy to Spain
*[[Lion Feuchtwanger]],
*[[Sigmund Freud]] self exiled from [[Austria]] to United Kingdom
*[[Alberto Fujimori]], exiled from [[Peru]] to Japan
*[[Eduardo Galeano]], exiled from [[Uruguay]] to [[Argentine]] and Spain
*[[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]] exiled to South America
*[[Francisco de Goya]] exiled to [[Bordeaux]] as ''[[afrancesado]]''
*[[Jorge Guillén]]
*[[Heinrich Heine]]
*[[Victor Hugo]] exiled from France to the [[Channel Islands]]
*[[Juan Ramón Jiménez]], fled to United States, [[Cuba]], and finally to [[Puerto Rico]]
*[[Arthur Koestler]]
*[[Kim Dae-jung]]
*[[Idi Amin]], exiled to [[Libya]], and [[Saudi Arabia]] until his death.
*[[Konstantinos Karamanlis]]
*[[Ruhollah Khomeini]], exiled from Iran to [[Turkey]], then exiled from Turkey to [[Iraq]]. Later exiled from Iraq to France.
*[[Pavel Kohout]]
*[[Milan Komar]]
*[[Jan Amos Komenský]]
*[[Tadeusz Kościuszko]]
*[[Lajos Kossuth]]
*Prince [[Norodom Sihanouk]], exiled from [[Cambodia]] to China and [[North Korea]] twice.
*[[Peter Kropotkin]]
*[[Lenin]] self-exiled to [[Switzerland]]
*[[Lotte Lehmann]]
*Félix [[Lope de Vega]] y Carpio (Spain's equivalent to Shakespeare) exiled 8 years from Castille for slander.
*[[Fernão Lopez]] self-exile to [[Saint Helena]]
*[[La Lupe]], to [[Puerto Rico]] and United States
*[[Heinrich Mann]] self-exile to [[Switzerland]] and to the United States
*[[Thomas Mann]] self-exile to [[Switzerland]] and to the United States, moved back to Switzerland
*[[Ferdinand Marcos]] exiled from the [[Philippines]] to [[Hawaii]]
*[[Karl Marx]] self-exiled from Germany to Great Britain
*[[José Martí]]
*[[Giuseppe Mazzini]]
*[[Rigoberta Menchú]], exiled from [[Guatemala]], to [[Mexico]]
*[[Josef Mengele]], fled [[Nazi Germany]] after the war to South America
*[[Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov]]
*[[Ezekiel Mphahlele]], exiled from [[South Africa]] to [[Kenya]], [[Zambia]] and United States
*[[Adam Mickiewicz]]
*[[Mobutu Sese Seko]]
*[[Mireya Moscoso]], fled to Spain
*[[Kwame Nkrumah]] exiled from [[Ghana]] to [[Guinea]]
*[[Juan Carlos Onetti]] exiled from [[Uruguay]] to Spain until his death
*[[Ovid]]
*[[Shahrnush Parsipur]], exiled from [[Iran]] to the [[United States of America]]
*[[Víctor Paz Estenssoro]], exiled from [[Bolivia]] to [[Argentina]], [[Perú]]
*[[Carlos Andrés Pérez]], exiled from [[Venezuela]], to [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], and United States
*[[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]], exiled from [[Venezuela]] to United States and Spain
*[[Juan Perón]] exiled from [[Argentina]] to [[Paraguay]] and Spain
*[[Saint-John Perse]] exiled from [[Vichy France]] to United States
*[[Bob Powell]]
*[[Ferenc Puskás]] from Hungary to Spain
*[[Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre]], fled to [[Mexico]]
*[[Franc Rode]]
*[[Romain Rolland]], fled to [[Switzerland]]
*[[Wilhelm Röpke]] fled Germany during Nazi rule
*Prince [[Sauryavong Savang]], lives in exile in Paris, France
*Crown Prince [[Soulivong Savang]], lives in exile in Paris, France
*[[Jorge Semprún]], exiled from Spain, to France
*[[Costas Simitis]], exiled from [[Greece]], to Germany
*Prince [[Mangkra Souvannaphouma]], lives in exile in Paris, France
*Prince [[Nguyen Phuc Buu Chanh]] of [[Vietnam]], lives in exile in the United States
*Prince [[Hso Khan Pha]] lives in exile in Canada
*[[Fernando Savater]]
*[[Benjamin Sehene]]exiled from [[Rwanda]] to [[Uganda]] and, later,to Canada
*Emperor [[Amha Selassie I]], lived in exile in [[Switzerland]] and Great Britain and United States.
*Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] of Ethiopia
*[[Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie]] lived in exile in [[Djibouti]], [[Israel]], Great Britain, and United States
*[[Juliusz Slowacki]]
*[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] exiled from the [[Soviet Union]], returned after the fall of [[Communism]]
*[[Mário Soares]]
*[[Wole Soyinka]]
*[[Alfredo Stroessner]] exile from [[Paraguay]] to [[Brazil]]
*[[Sun Yat-sen]]
*[[Oliver Tambo]]
*[[Leon Trotsky]], exiled to [[Siberia]], and later to [[Turkey]], France, [[Norway]] and [[Mexico]]
*[[Xiao Qiang]], exiled from China, to United States
*[[Miguel de Unamuno]] confined to [[Fuerteventura]], fled to France.
*[[Clement Vallandigham]], exiled to the [[Confederate States of America]], to [[Bermuda]], then Canada
*[[Caetano Veloso]], exiled from [[Brazil]] to United Kingdom
*[[Bruno Walter]]
*[[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] of [[Prussia]] and Germany, exiled from Prussia and Germany to [[The Netherlands]]
*[[Mohammad Zaher Shah]] exile from [[Afghanistan]] to Italy
*[[Nicholas I of Montenegro]]
*[[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]] self-exiled to [[Ireland]]
*[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor]], by virtue of his marriage to [[Wallis Simpson]] and his falling-out with the [[British Royal Family|Royal Family]] and his brother [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]], to France
*[[John Calvin]], exiled from [[Switzerland]] to France, but later let back into Switzerland, due to change in government
*[[Hector Gramajo]], fled the United States to avoid facing charges filed under the [[Torture Victim Protection Act (1992)|Torture Victim Protection Act]]
*[[Cesar Vallejo]], fled from [[Peru]] to France in fear of further incarceration by the government. He would spend the rest of his life in France, mainly, Paris.
*[[Benazir Bhutto]], exiled from Pakistan to Dubai

==Fictional characters in exile==
{{fictionrefs}}
*[[Yoda]] went into self exile after the Great Jedi Purge in Episode III of Star Wars.
*In [[Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King]], after defeating Sir Leopold, the player's party are blamed by Captain Marcello for an attempted assassination of the Lord High Priest, causing High Priest Rolo and the player's party to be subsequently banished to [[Purgatory]] Island.
*In ''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]'', Kovu is banished from the Pride Lands after being accused of plotting to kill King Simba.
*In [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', Romeo is exiled to Mantua after killing Tybalt.
*[[Lord Voldemort]] goes to self exile in [[Albania]] after losing his physical form in Godric's Hollow in 1981.
*[[Ender Wiggin]] is exiled from Earth after winning the Bugger War in the [[Orson Scott Card]] book ''[[Ender's Game]]''.
*In the book ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]], [[Aragorn]] is the heir in exile to the throne of [[Gondor]].
*In the television series ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'', [[Zuko|Prince Zuko]] is exiled from the [[Fire Nation]] by his father, and tasked with finding the Avatar.
*[[Chancellor Sutler]] is in self-exile in the film ''[[V for Vendetta]]''.
*In the British sci-fi TV series ''[[Doctor Who]]'', The Doctor was exiled to Earth by his own people, the Time Lords for interfering in the affairs of other planets. He was also forced to [[regenerate]] in order to help conceal his identity. All this happened in the 1969 story [[The War Games]]. This was the last Doctor Who story to feature [[Patrick Troughton]] as the Doctor. He was eventually forgiven by his own people and allowed to roam the Universe again in the 1972-73 adventure [[The Three Doctors]], by this time starring [[Jon Pertwee]] as the Doctor.
*In the TV series [[24 (TV series)|24]], [[Jack Bauer]] went into self-exile, after being threatened with being extradited for torture in a Chinese prison camp following the events of Season 4.
*[[Oedipus]] went into self exile after finding out that he had killed his father and slept with his mother (Sophocles)
*[[Agave]] went into self exile after killing her son Pentheus (Euripedes)
*[[Thyestes]] was sent into exile after raping his brother's wife (Aeschylus)
*[[Orestes]] was sent into exile by his mother Clytaemnestra but returned to kill her in the garb of a stranger (Aeschylus)
* Emperor Mark II of the Vulgarian Empire to the United States

==See also==
* [[Ban (law)|Ban]]
* [[Ostracism]]
* [[Penal transportation]]
* [[Refugee]]
* [[Right of asylum]] (political asylum)
* [[Scouts-in-Exile]]

==References==
{{commonscat|Exiles}}
{{wiktionary|exile}}
{{refs}}

{{Template group
|list =
{{Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights}}
{{Human rights}}
}}

[[Category:Exile| ]]

[[ar:منفى]]
[[cs:Exil]]
[[da:Eksil]]
[[de:Exil]]
[[et:Eksiil]]
[[el:Εξορία]]
[[es:Exilio]]
[[eo:Ekzilo]]
[[fr:Exil]]
[[gl:Exilio]]
[[ko:유배]]
[[it:Esilio]]
[[nl:Ballingschap]]
[[ja:流罪]]
[[no:Eksil]]
[[nn:Eksil]]
[[oc:Exili]]
[[pl:Banicja]]
[[pt:Exílio]]
[[ro:Exil]]
[[ru:Изгнание]]
[[sk:Exil]]
[[sv:Exil]]
[[uk:Вигнання]]
[[zh:流亡]]

Revision as of 13:23, 10 October 2008

For other uses, see Exile (disambiguation).
Dante in exile, by an anonymous artist.

Exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state or country) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return. It can be a form of punishment.[1]

It is common to distinguish between internal exile, i.e., forced resettlement within the country of residence, and external exile, deportation outside the country of residence. [citation needed]

Exile can also be a self-imposed departure from one's homeland. Self-exile is often practiced as form of protest or to avoid persecution.

Personal exile

Prince Menshikov in Beryozovo, Siberia

Exile was used particularly for political opponents of those in power. The use of exile for political purposes can sometimes be useful for the government because it prevents the exilee from organizing in their native land or from becoming a martyr. People feared exile and banishment so much because it effectively meant that they were going to die. In European history, at a time prior to Roman invasion, people lived completely co-dependently in farm towns where everyone had a function. Exile represented a severe punishment, particularly for those, like Ovid or Du Fu, exiled to strange or backward regions, cut off from all of the possibilities of life as well as their families and associates. Dante describes the pain of exile in The Divine Comedy:

«. . . Tu lascerai ogne cosa diletta
più caramente; e questo è quello strale
che l'arco de lo essilio pria saetta.
Tu proverai sì come sa di sale
lo pane altrui, e come è duro calle
lo scendere e 'l salir per l'altrui scale . . .»
". . . You will leave everything you love most:
this is the arrow that the bow of exile
shoots first. You will know how salty
another's bread tastes and how hard it
is to ascend and descend
another's stairs . . ."
Paradiso XVII: 55-60

Exile has been softened, to some extent, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as exiles have received welcome in other countries and have either created new communities within those countries or, less frequently, returned to their homelands following the demise of the regime that exiled them.

Government in exile

Main article: Government in exile

During a foreign occupation or after a coup d'etat, a government in exile of a such afflicted country may be established abroad. One of the most well-known instances of this is the Central Tibetan Administration, a government in exile led by the Dalai Lama in India, who claims to be the legitimate ruler of the historical Tibet‎.

Nation in exile

Main articles: Diaspora and Refugee

When large groups, or occasionally a whole people or nation is exiled, it can be said that this nation is in exile, or Diaspora. Nations that have been in exile for substantial periods include the Jews, who were deported by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon in 597 BC and again in the years following the destruction of the second Temple in Jerusalem in the year AD 70. After the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, and following the uprisings (like Kościuszko Uprising, November Uprising and January Uprising) against the partitioning powers (Russian Empire, Prussia and Austro-Hungary), many Poles have chosen - or been forced - to go into exile, forming large diasporas (known as Polonia), especially in France and the United States.The entire population of Crimean Tatars (200,000) that remained in their homeland Crimea was exiled on 18 May 1944 to Central Asia as a form of ethnic cleansing and collective punishment on false accusations. At Diego Garcia, between 1967 and 1973 the British Government forcibly removed some 2,000 Chagossian resident islanders to make way for a military base today jointly operated by the US and UK.

Tax exile

Main article: Tax exile

A wealthy citizen who departs from a former abode for a lower tax jurisdiction (a "tax haven") in order to reduce his/her tax burden is termed a tax exile.

Notable people who have been in exile

Fictional characters in exile

  • Yoda went into self exile after the Great Jedi Purge in Episode III of Star Wars.
  • In Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King, after defeating Sir Leopold, the player's party are blamed by Captain Marcello for an attempted assassination of the Lord High Priest, causing High Priest Rolo and the player's party to be subsequently banished to Purgatory Island.
  • In The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Kovu is banished from the Pride Lands after being accused of plotting to kill King Simba.
  • In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is exiled to Mantua after killing Tybalt.
  • Lord Voldemort goes to self exile in Albania after losing his physical form in Godric's Hollow in 1981.
  • Ender Wiggin is exiled from Earth after winning the Bugger War in the Orson Scott Card book Ender's Game.
  • In the book The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, Aragorn is the heir in exile to the throne of Gondor.
  • In the television series Avatar: The Last Airbender, Prince Zuko is exiled from the Fire Nation by his father, and tasked with finding the Avatar.
  • Chancellor Sutler is in self-exile in the film V for Vendetta.
  • In the British sci-fi TV series Doctor Who, The Doctor was exiled to Earth by his own people, the Time Lords for interfering in the affairs of other planets. He was also forced to regenerate in order to help conceal his identity. All this happened in the 1969 story The War Games. This was the last Doctor Who story to feature Patrick Troughton as the Doctor. He was eventually forgiven by his own people and allowed to roam the Universe again in the 1972-73 adventure The Three Doctors, by this time starring Jon Pertwee as the Doctor.
  • In the TV series 24, Jack Bauer went into self-exile, after being threatened with being extradited for torture in a Chinese prison camp following the events of Season 4.
  • Oedipus went into self exile after finding out that he had killed his father and slept with his mother (Sophocles)
  • Agave went into self exile after killing her son Pentheus (Euripedes)
  • Thyestes was sent into exile after raping his brother's wife (Aeschylus)
  • Orestes was sent into exile by his mother Clytaemnestra but returned to kill her in the garb of a stranger (Aeschylus)
  • Emperor Mark II of the Vulgarian Empire to the United States

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exiles.
Look up exile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  1. ^ Hobbes, Thomas (1886). Leviathan; Or, The Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil. George Routledge and Sons. pp. Page 145.
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