Alexisbad
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Alexisbad
Harzgerode city
Coordinates: 51 ° 38 ′ 58 ″ N , 11 ° 7 ′ 1 ″ E
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| Height : | 325 (310-345) m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 42 | |
| Incorporation : | August 1, 2009 | |
| Postal code : | 06493 | |
| Area code : | 039484 | |
Location of Alexisbad in Saxony-Anhalt |
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.jpg) Former rest home of the Deutsche Reichsbahn
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Alexisbad in the Harz low mountain range is a district of the town of Harzgerode in the Harz district in Saxony-Anhalt . The district has 42 inhabitants, it is mainly used as an excursion and holiday destination.
geography
location
Alexisbad is located in the Lower Harz in the Harz / Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park . It is located around 2 km west-northwest of the core town of Harzgerode at around 310 to 345 m above sea level. NN in the Selketal , on the west bank of the Selke . Immediately above Alexisbad the Schwefelbach flows into the Selke, into which the Friedenstalbach flows below the village at the Klostermühle . The federal highway 185 , which runs through Alexisbad, branches off directly to the southwest from the federal highway 242 . The north-northeastern neighboring town is the Harzgeroder district of Mägdesprung .
Districts
The districts of Alexisbad are Hänichen , Klostermühle and Schneidemühle .
history
At the location of today's Alexisbad, in 983 the location Hagananroth (Hagenrode) was named as the property of the Nienburg Benedictine monastery . It was one of the oldest settlements in the Lower Harz. According to a legend recorded in the 13th century, it was founded by Abbot Hagano after the Benedictine monastery was moved from Thankmarsfelde to Nienburg in 975. 993 received Hagenrode from King Otto III. granted market, coin and customs rights, which the abbot exercised in neighboring Hasacanroth ( Harzgerode ). Hagenrode as the administrative center of the Nienburger possessions in and around the resin was on May 24, 1179 as provost of the Benedictines under the protection of Pope Alexander III. posed and confirmed in his possessions. After a brief period of prosperity, the Nienburg branch monastery experienced a long period of decline and finally fell victim to looting in the Peasants' War in 1525, now abandoned by the conventuals . With the secularization of the Nienburg monastery, the property of the provost also passed to the sovereigns and former guardians, the princes of Anhalt .
For centuries, two water mills, the monastery mill and the Konrod mill located slightly above, worked continuously on the Alexisbad site . Mining began early in the Selke Valley. Opposite the monastery on the right Selkehang the Dreifaltigkeits- or Drusengangzug , which supplied ores containing lead, silver and zinc, opened up through the Katharinenstollen. Material containing sulfur, lead, copper and arsenic, on the other hand, was contained in the kingdom of David's passage , which extends a few 100 meters above in the Selketal , and was developed through the David's or sulfur tunnel. A first indication of the use of the gangways comes from 1495. In the tunnels, which also served to dissolve the water in the pits in the Harzgerode mining area, mining was carried out sporadically with varying degrees of success and ended in the middle of the 18th century. The mineral resources were sometimes processed on site, for example in an ironworks in the area of the former monastery that was used until the beginning of the Thirty Years War and in a sulfur hut near the David's tunnel.
In 1766, the personal physician Prince Friedrich Albrechts von Anhalt-Bernburg examined the brownish-colored water flowing from the mouth of the abandoned Davidsstollen. During the analysis he found mainly iron, Epsom salt and calcareous material (lime earth) and classified it as healing water . It was used for therapeutic cures for gouty and nervous patients in the Konrodsmühle bought by the prince, which was now called bathing mill. Under Duke Alexius Friedrich Christian von Anhalt-Bernburg, the water in the tunnel was examined again in 1809 by Carl Ferdinand Graefe (1787–1840) and recommended because of its iodine , fluorine and iron content . In the following period it was characterized as an acidic, arsenic-bearing iron sulphate and vitriol source . The revived spa business led to the establishment of a fountain management, the construction of several buildings, including a bathhouse, a casino and thus the creation of Alexisbad, named after the ruling duke. The local healing factors were the water obtained from the sulfur tunnel for baths, the carbonic acid water with a high manganese and iron content for drinking cures and the water flowing from another abandoned tunnel to the left of the Selke, the source of beauty , from the former Katharinen tunnel . In addition, the water obtained from Suderode from a chlorine-calcium source was used.
The first story of Alexisbad can be found in the essay by CF v. Graefe, retrospectives on Alexisbad (JCA XV (1831), pp. 1–18). Architecture and local planning go back to the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841). The most famous spa guest of the nationally known spa, bathing and recreation area was Carl Maria von Weber in 1820 . On May 12, 1856, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) was founded in Alexisbad on the occasion of an excursion by the Berlin Academic Association . In the park in front of the spa hotel, the VDI memorial erected in 1993 commemorates this event. A memorial originally erected in 1931 has been at the headquarters of the VDI in Düsseldorf since 1981 .
According to Schinkel's design, the Schweizerhaus , which was intended for the private use of the ducal family, was built in 1822 in a corresponding style . Badly damaged by US artillery fire in May 1945, the ruins had to be demolished.
In the early 19th century there was a casino that was only open on Sundays , and with its minimum stake of 8 groschen it was mainly frequented by ordinary people. The operation was stopped after the gambling ban by the St. Paul's Church Assembly (in force since May 1, 1849).
The stones of the old monastery were used in 1870 to build the Hotel Klostermühle , which from 1912 also supplied electricity for Alexisbad. In the GDR the facilities of the place served as vacation homes. The Deutsche Reichsbahn , the Magdeburg Construction Combine, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of State Security (directly opposite the train station) each run their own holiday homes and bed houses in Alexisbad, and the Halle district management of the SED a guest house. Today's Hotel Morada was u. a. the vacation quarters for members of the People's Police and their families. The former holiday home of the Ministry for State Security has been operating as the Hotel Habichtstein since the early 1990s, expanded by extensions . The former vacation home of the Ministry of the Interior is now part of the Morada hotel chain. In addition, there are two privately run catering establishments in the Alexisbad district of Harzgeröder, which is still much visited. Two former homes of the Deutsche Reichsbahn could not be used so far.
Buildings
A tea house belonging to the former duchess from 1815, which is still preserved today, was used for church services as early as the 19th century. In 1933 it could be bought by the Landeskirche Anhalt with the belfry next to it. During a festive church service at Easter 2008, the old pavilion was given the name Petruskapelle. The cultural monuments of the place are registered in the local register of monuments, whereby the location between the train station Alexisbad in the south to the Café Elysium in the north is registered as a monument area . The sculpture standing deer in front of the Vitalhotel from the mid-19th century is also noteworthy .
railway station
Alexisbad station has been the operating center of the narrow-gauge Selketalbahn since 1887 . This is where the routes from Gernrode , Harzgerode and Hasselfelde meet .
In contrast to the Harzquerbahn, the Harzer Schmalspurbahnen (HSB) mostly no longer use class 99.23-24 steam locomotives , but rather various loners. Alexisbad is known for the double exit of two steam trains on the branching routes at the southern head of the station. In the current timetable, however, this only takes place for special trains.
The reception building and goods shed are no longer in use and are closed. Train operations are now managed from Nordhausen.
In front of the train station there is a small bus station with four bus stops, from which the Harzer Verkehrsbetriebe makes the larger towns and cities Ballenstedt, Quedlinburg, Harzgerode and Güntersberge accessible.
tourism
The economy of the place is shaped by tourism . There are several hotels, pensions and restaurants in the village. Hiking trails lead into the closer scenic surroundings. Typical destinations are the engagement urn , the Luis temple , the birch house , the Schönsicht that Friedensdenkmal and the refuge Köthener cabin .
Personalities
The Duchess of Anhalt-Bernburg Friederike von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1811–1902) died in Alexisbad . The German doctor Carl Wilhelm Adolph Richter (1808–1877) worked for a time in Alexisbad.
The writer Walter Kempowski described Alexisbad in the chapter Harzreise of his novel Tadellöser & Wolff , but called the place "Sophienbad". He described his childhood experiences during the summer vacation in 1939 in Alexisbad, where the Kempowski family lived as holiday guests in the "officers' house". This "officers' home" has been preserved and integrated into a hotel complex.
literature
- Bernhard Kintscher: Alexisbad. Festschrift for the centenary, 1910.
- Falko Grubitzsch: Alexisbad - the only health resort in the Harz Mountains. History, Change and Endangerment. In: Monument Preservation in Saxony-Anhalt, 2000, Issue 10.
- Sigrid Elstermann / Thomas Nürnberg: Insights into the history of the health resort Alexisbad. 2008.
- Karl-Heinz Börner : 200 years of Alexisbad. Mägdesprunger Hefte No. 4 , 2010.
- Wolfdieter Ludwig: Alexisbad - home of the VDI. Special issue of the Mägdesprunger Hefte, 2014.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saxony-Anhalt Viewer
- ↑ The saline iron source in Selkenthale am Harz , Leipzig 1809
- ^ Birk Karsten Ecke: Alexisbad and the Association of German Engineers - VDI. In: harz-saale.de , accessed on May 24, 2013.
- ↑ Dr. v. Blaha: Chabert, Benazet and the Blanc brothers, or the secrets of the game of roulette and the German casinos; Grimma and Leipzig [circa 1850]
- ↑ Rita Kunze: Alexisbad wants to develop into a tourist center In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung , July 27, 2004, accessed on April 4, 2018.
- ↑ Short question and answer Olaf Meister (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen), Prof. Dr. Claudia Dalbert (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen), Ministry of Culture March 19, 2015 Printed matter 6/3905 (KA 6/8670) List of monuments Saxony-Anhalt , page 1847
Alexisbad with Hänichen and Klostermühle | Dankerode | City of Güntersberge with Bärenrode and Friedrichshöhe | Harzgerode | Koenigerode | Mägdesprung | Neudorf | Squint | Silberhütte | Siptenfelde | Straßberg with Lindenberg