Arcore

Parish Church of Sant'Eustorgio

Arcore
Country	Italy
region	Lombardy
province	Monza and Brianza  (MB)
Local name	Árcur
Coordinates	45 ° 38 ′  N , 9 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 45 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  E
height	193  m slm
surface	9.33 km²
Residents	18,028 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	1,932 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	20862
prefix	039
ISTAT number	108004
Popular name	Arcoresi
Patron saint	Eustorgio of Milan ( September 18 )
Website	Arcore

Arcore is a municipality with 18,011 inhabitants (2017) in the province of Monza and Brianza in Lombardy . It also became known abroad through the former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi , who used the Villa San Martino in Arcore for official occasions and private parties and who also had his main residence there until 2013.

geography

The municipality is located 25 km northeast of the center of Milan and 7 km northeast of the provincial capital Monza , it extends over 9.33 km² between the rivers Lambro and Molgora in the Po Valley and includes the districts (fractions) Bernate , Cascina del Bruno , La Ca ' , Ca' Bianca and Buttafava . The neighboring municipalities are (clockwise): Biassono in the northwest, Lesmo , Camparada , Usmate Velate , Vimercate , Concorezzo and Villasanta .

climate

Arcore has a temperate climate with rainfall spread throughout the year. Summers are hot and humid, winters cold and humid. The January mean is +3.1 ° C; the hottest month is July with an average temperature of +24.6 °. The precipitation falls as rain, only very rarely as snow. The mean rainfall is 895 mm on an average of 81 rainy days, mostly in autumn.

history

Origins and Roman times

There are no written documents about the early period. A Roman foundation can only be derived from the name, although the etymology is controversial: "Arcore" could come from Arcus (bow), other Latinists suspect that the name was derived from Hercules / Ercole and a sanctuary for the demigod. In the 9th century, forms of names such as "vico Arcole" or "loco Arculi" are still handed down in deeds of donation, which indicates Hercules.

Cartography confirms the hypothesis of an ancient foundation. During the Roman settlement , the arable land was divided into centuries , which started from the intersecting streets of a center ( Cardo and Decumanus ). These right-angled property divisions can still be seen in traces from the boundaries drawn on maps from the 19th century. Today's main axis of Arcore (Via Gilera) lies on the line of the ancient connecting road from Mediolanum (Milan) via Modicia (Monza) to Leucum ( Lecco ), from where it led as an important Alpine transversal over the Splügen Pass.

A historically significant archaeological find attests to the settlement in Roman times: a marble slab with the inscription: IULIAE DRUSILLAE / GERMANICI CESARIS F. / C. CESARIS AUG. / GERMANI SOROR / DD

So it was dedicated to Iulia Drusilla , the daughter of Germanicus and sister Caligulas . It remains unknown whether it belonged to a statue, a temple, an arch or another building. Today the plate is in the Archaeological Museum of Milan.

Middle Ages and Modern Times

Anonymous: Villa Borromeo, oil on canvas, between the late 18th and early 19th centuries

The oldest documents date from the 9th century (see above). Arcore was part of the mother church of Vimercate . In the 14th century Goffredo da Bussero also mentions the church of Sant'Eustorgio in his "Liber Sanctorum", which was elevated to parish church by Charles Borromeo . In the 15th century, two monasteries are on record: the Benedictine monastery of St. Martin , where today's Villa San Martino stands, and the nunnery of the humiliates Sant'Apollinare .

In the middle of the 18th century, Arcore had 580 inhabitants. Extensions and renovations of the Church of Sant'Eustorgio were no longer sufficient for the number of believers. From 1759–1805, a new classical building was built in its place.

19th and 20th centuries

During the time of the Austrian rule, then the Kingdom of Sardinia and finally the Risorgimento , Arcore shared the fate of Monza and the other communities of the Brianza, the administration was modernized in view of the growing number of inhabitants (in 1869 already several thousand). The onset of industrialization contributed to the growth, in connection with the construction of the train station (1873) of the Milan-Lecco railway line and the Monza- Oggiono tram line in 1879 (closed in 1915).

Falck steel works, late sixties

Industry

At the end of the 19th century there was a strong industrialization push with iron processing companies (Falck, Morandi), the textile industry (Monti, Martini) and wood construction (Zerboni). In 1909 Giuseppe Gellera founded the most famous industrial company in Arcore , the Gilera motorcycle factory , which achieved European fame. The company was acquired by Piaggio in 1969 , Piaggio closed the production facility in Arcore in 1993 and moved it to Pontedera . After the war , in 1949, Giuseppe Perego founded Peg Perego , now a manufacturer of prams and similar accessories. The Dalmine SpA, named after the village near Bergamo , produced in Arcore pipes and vehicle components. She took over the factory halls of the Falck Group . The sausage factory of the same name, made famous by the Molteni racing stable and Eddy Merckx , was also based in Arcore .

Buildings

From the 11th and 13th centuries there are documents in which a "castrum" is mentioned, but nothing has survived from this fort except a field name.

Sacred buildings

Church of Santa Maria Nascente and San Giacomo

• Parish Church of Sant'Eustorgio, dedicated to Saint Eustorgius of Milan. The current classical building was erected in the years 1759-1805. The predecessor building, which has been expanded again and again, dates back to the 13th century.
• Cappella della Peste (plague chapel), built after 1630 in memory of the victims of the two plague epidemics in 1576 and 1630.
• Cappella Vela in the Villa Borromeo d'Adda, named after the Italian-Swiss sculptor Vincenzo Vela , who created the sculptural decorations for the grave of the wife of the owner Giovanni d'Adda around 1850. The building design comes from Giuseppe Balzaretto .
• Church and convent of Sant'Apollinare, built in the 10th century. Only the chapel has been preserved, all other buildings are more recent.
• Parish church of Bernate Santa Maria Nascente and San Giacomo, built in the 16th century as a private chapel of Count Durini.

Villas

From the 16th century, the Milanese aristocrats began to build their rural summer residences ("Ville di delizia") in Brianza , some of them are in Arcore:

Villa Borromeo d'Adda

Villa Borromeo d'Adda

It is located on a hill, several buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries, standardized by the architect Giuseppe Balzaretto around 1850 in a neoclassical style. Since 1980 it has been owned by the municipality as Villa Comunale, with a large publicly accessible park (approx. 30 hectares); the chapel with grave sculptures by Vincenzo Vela (1820–1891) can be visited.

Villa Vittadini "La Cazzola"

16th century hunting lodge and villa with large park in the north-west of the city. It is the oldest of the Arcores villas, built by Pellegrino Tibaldi for the Durini family, rebuilt in 1812 by Carlo Amati.

Villa San Martino, until 2013 the residence of Silvio Berlusconi

Villa San Martino

The most famous Arcore villa, notorious for having two owners. In 1970 the aristocrat Camillo Casati-Stampa di Soncino, owner of the villa, murdered his wife, whose erotic encounters he had organized himself, and their current lover, then killed himself. That happened in Rome, but it had consequences for the property structure the villa. The documentary Teresa Fiumanòs became the subject of a television film

The second scandal - Silvio Berlusconi's bunga-bunga parties , the Ruby affair and the subsequent criminal trials - hit the international press in 2011.

The villa was built in the 18th century as a conversion from the former Benedictine monastery of the 15th century for the Giulini Della Porta family in the form of an open U with a courtyard and an access avenue that begins on the forecourt of Villa Borromeo d'Adda and as a perspective axis Aiming through the villa towards the Lambro River .

In the first half of the 19th century, the property passed to the Casati-Stampa di Soncino through the marriage of Anna Giulini Della Porta and Camillo Casati. Count Alessandro Casati (1881–1955) enlarged the library and often housed his friend Benedetto Croce here . After Camillo Casati's suicide, Anna Maria Casati Stampa di Soncino, his daughter from his first marriage, inherited the property. Since she was a minor at the time, a guardian and a deputy guardian were appointed: Giorgio Bergamasco, appointed Minister of the then Andreotti II government in 1972 , and Cesare Previti , later Silvio Berlusconi's lawyer and later one of his ministers. Anna Maria Casati Stampa, now of legal age and married, turned to Previti to sell the villa because she had to pay her father's tax debts. In 1974 an opaque sale took place: Berlusconi acquired the villa from Previti for 500 million lire (approx. 250,000 euros) - on the other hand, the estimated value of the property was 100 billion lire (approx. 50 million euros). In 2013, Berlusconi settled in Rome, but the villa is still guarded by Carabinieri patrols around the clock .

The Italian garden of Villa Ravizza

Villa Ravizza

The privately owned villa from the 18th century is famous primarily for its Italian garden, which rises steeply on the other side of a narrow alley and is connected to the villa by a bridge that spans the street. The design comes from Lodovico Barbiano di Belgiojoso, who founded the architecture studio BBPR with Ernesto Nathan Rogers , Enrico Peressutti and Luigi Banfi .

Palazzo Durini in Bernate

Villa Buttafava

built at the end of the 18th century.

Palazzo Durini

The building from the 16th century is located in the Bernate district: the center of five courtyards, which are an example of a historical "cascina" where the rural population lived. From the original palace, rebuilt in 1922, only a few components and frescoes have survived.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ^ Luigi Beretta: Brianza Romana: Arcore. Associazione storico-culturale S. Agostino, accessed June 25, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Gianni Buonomo: Arcore, un popolo la sua chiesa il suo territorio , Gruppo Culturale Sant'Eustorgio., 1994
4. ↑ Nel salone del triangolo a luci rosse (In the salon of the red light triangle). LaStampa.it, December 9, 2012, accessed June 26, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Mariateresa Fiumano: La marchesa Casati , Edizioni Anordest, Lancenigo 2010
6. ↑ anonymous: 40 anni dopo sugli schermi il delitto Casati (After 40 years, the Casati offense hits the screens). Libero-news, accessed June 26, 2018 . 
7. ^ Rossana Bossaglia, L'arte dal manierismo al primo Novecento - Storia di Monza e della Brianza , Il Profilo editore, Milano, 1971
8. ↑ Marco Travaglio and Elio Veltri : L'odore dei soldi (The Smell of Money), Editori Riuniti 2001, available on the Internet as an Italian PDF document [1]
9. ^ Adriano Botta: A proposito di case - è questa? - I lati oscuri dell'acquisto di villa San Martino (The dark side of the acquisition of the Villa San Martino). Weekly magazine L'Espresso, August 9, 2010, accessed June 26, 2018 . 

literature

• Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, p. 131.
• Lombardia - Touring club italiano, Touring Editore (1999), ISBN 88-365-1325-5 , Arcore Online

Web links

Commons : Arcore  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website