Auen-Blätterporling

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Auen-Blätterporling
Dried fruiting body of the floodplain (Lenzites warnieri), upper side

Dried fruiting body of the floodplain ( Lenzites warnieri ), upper side

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family : Stalk porling relatives (Polyporaceae)
Genre : Leaf spruce ( Lenzites )
Type : Auen-Blätterporling
Scientific name
Lenzites warnieri
Durieu & Mont.

The Auen-Blätterporling ( Lenzites warnieri ) or Auen-Blättling is a pore fungus from the family of the stem porling relatives (Polyporaceae). It has a corky, semicircular and plate-shaped fruit body without a stem and a lamellar fruit layer . The species is a white rot pathogen on living wood. Their fruiting body occurs on the trunk of various deciduous tree species along waters in a sub-Mediterranean humid climate. The Auen-Blätterporling develops fruiting bodies only once in its life, which release spores in spring and then become sterile.

Michel Durieu de Maisonneuve and Camille Montagne described Lenzites warnieri in 1860 using a find from northern Algeria . The species is closely related to various Trameten ( Trametes spp.) Used their exact taxonomic position is like that of all Blätterporlinge but so far unexplained.

features

Macroscopic features

Photo of a fruiting body from below
Dried fruiting body of the floodplain leaf tuber: underside with a typical lamellar, labyrinthine fruit layer. The fruit body shown is approx. 7.5 cm wide.

The fruiting body of the Auen-Blätterporlings is a flat half-plate-shaped, half-round hat or a hat divided into two "halves" by a smaller indentation. It grows resupinate , so it sits directly on the wood of the host tree without a stem. The hat measures 5–20 cm in width (very rarely up to 45 cm), from the base of the hat to the edge of the hat 3–8 cm and is 1–2 cm high. The surface of the fruiting body is velvety in young specimens, but with increasing age it quickly becomes bare and smooth and sometimes develops smaller bumps or warts. In terms of color, it varies from a light cream color in young fruiting bodies to a gray tint with age. The surface is also clearly zoned; the zone boundaries are furrowed and dark brown to black in color. The meat of the hat has a corky consistency, but is relatively thin and does not show a clearly defined transition to the lamellae. The lamellas themselves are ocher or parchment-colored, forked and relatively deep, up to 1 cm at the base. They run into each other like a labyrinth under the top of the hat.

Microscopic features

The mycelium (thread-like hyphae) of the fungus growing in the host wood is heterothallic and tetrapolar . The Auen-Blätterporling has a trimitic trama , i.e. a tissue of generative hyphae , connective hyphae and skeletal hyphae. While the generative hyphae ensure growth, the hardened skeletal and thick-walled connective hyphae ensure the stability of the fruiting body and give it its corky consistency. The generative hyphae are thin-walled, hyaline , measure 2-3 µm in diameter and have buckles . The connective hyphae are robust, winding and heavily branched. They measure 3–5 µm in diameter and change into skeletal hyphae of the same size. They protrude clearly into the fruit layer , which differentiates the floodplain leaf porling from the sympatric birch leaf porling ( L. betulinus ).

Cystidia have not yet been detected. Microscopic cell structures of the fungus, which are similar in shape to cystids, but are smaller and thinner, may represent cystidioles or not yet fully developed cystidia. The basidia of the floodplain are club-shaped and each have four sterigmata 4 µm in length where the spurs sit. The basidia have a buckle at their base. They are 15–25 × 5–6 µm in size. The hyaline spores of the species are regular or curved cylindrically shaped. They have thin walls, react negatively with Melzer's reagent, and measure 7–9 × 3–4 µm.

distribution

The Auen-Blätterporling is known from a wide area of ​​the Palearctic , but only from a few localities. Most of the time it was not possible to confirm earlier finds in later years. The finds so far all come from the temperate to sub-Mediterranean zone. The wide range of hosts of the floodplain leaf tuber indicates that the distribution area is not primarily determined by the occurrence of certain host plants, but by climatic conditions. The species area fades away relatively quickly to the north in southern Central Europe and, north of 48 ° N, includes  almost only exceptional finds in heat islands such as the Upper Rhine Rift . The crucial northern border is apparently the 18 ° C - Juliisotherme . The southern limit of distribution includes the Atlas and neighboring regions in Africa, and in Asia it runs approximately at the 36th parallel. While temperatures beyond the northern limit of the distribution area are likely to be too low for the species, the southern limit is probably determined by a climate that is too dry.

Map of Eurasia with the distribution of the Auen-Blätterporlings
Locations of the floodplain leaf pup. Recent spread green, fossil evidence orange.

The southernmost sites are in the High Atlas and the coastal Algeria . Only two records from Barcelona and Guadalajara are available for the Iberian Peninsula . In France there are deposits in the south and south-east as well as from the Yonne department . There are two former occurrences on the German Upper Rhine , further to the northwest the species was found in Leudelange in Luxembourg . The most northerly finds so far (51 ° 59 ′ N) come from the Netherlands, where the Auen-Blätterporling was discovered in three locations in South Holland . In Italy, the occurrences are limited to the northeast of the country. On the opposite side of the Adriatic there is a belt of sites in the Croatian and Serbian Sava - Danube region . In the Pannonian Plain , which is mostly located in Hungary , the floodplain leaf spruce occurs almost completely. Further to the southwest, there are three sites on the Macedonian Vardar , another three in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes and on the Black Sea coast near Primorsko .

For the area of ​​the former USSR , finds are available in the Ukrainian Carpathians and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyj , as well as from the Georgian Gagra , the Armenian Ander and Turkmenistan . To the north of it there are unspecified find information for the northern Caucasus , the Russian Black Sea coast and the Urals. In today's Kazakhstan there are three sites from the Eastern Kazakhstan Oblast and the Transili- and the Djungarian Alatau . The easternmost find comes from Vyazemsky . In the warm periods of the Pleistocene , the distribution apparently extended to areas that today have a continental - temperate climate , as a fossil find from Thuringia ( Eem warm period ) shows. Fossil finds are also known from the French Clairvaux-les-Lacs ( Copper Age ).

ecology

Photo of a river bank with alluvial forest
Warm, humid alluvial forests like here in the Hungarian Visegrád are preferred habitats for the floodplain leaf porlings.

Willows ( Salix spp.), Elms ( Ulmus spp.), Poplars ( Populus spp.), Alders ( Alnus spp.) And other species with an affinity for heat and water are colonized as hosts by the floodplain leaf spp . The Auen-Blätterporling is usually found in alluvial forest communities, fens and comparable habitats. The mycelium of the species only grows in warm temperatures. The optimum for growth in culture is 37 ° C. The Auen-Blätterporling is relatively hardy, but is sensitive to temperature drops in summer. Probably for this reason it prefers to grow on the sunny side of the wood. The rarity of the species in more northern latitudes is probably due to these high demands.

The species always attacks living wood and causes white rot there . The lignin in the affected regions is broken down; the wood becomes fibrous, bleached and loses its strength. The spores of the floodplain leaf tuber are transported to the host tree by the wind in spring. Often there is only a single infected tree in close proximity to a group of uninfected trees of the same species. The mycelium of the fungus colonizes the host wood and forms numerous fruiting bodies in autumn. However, these are initially sterile and only sporulate in the following spring after they have overwintered. The fruiting bodies are annual and do not reproduce any further spores after the first sporulation. Apparently, no new fruiting bodies are formed after the first winter.

Systematics and research history

     

 remaining Trametes and relatives


   

 Zinnobertrameten ( Pycnoporus )


   

 T. ljubarskyi


   

 Auen-Blätterporling ( L. warnieri )


   


 Birch leaf spruce ( L. betulina )


   

 Humpback tramete ( T. gibbosa )



   

 Curry tramete ( T. hirsuta ) C&D 


   


 Anise tramete ( T. suaveolens )


   

 Juniper Tramete ( T. junipericola )



   

 Velvety Tramete ( T. pubescens )


   

 Butterfly Tramete  ( T. versicolor )


   

 Zonentramete ( T. multicolor )











Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style
Position of the floodplain leaves within the Tramete relatives according to Tomošovský et al. 2006 . Together with other Blattporlingen he stands in the middle of the large genus of Trametes .

The Auen-Blätterporling was first described in 1860 by Michel Durieu de Maisonneuve and Camille Montagne . The type specimen came from the Algerian Lac Alloula . Durieu and Montagne had picked it up on the grounds of the Ferme de Kandouri , the retirement home of the French doctor and politician Auguste Warnier . In his honor, the species received the epithet warnieri . The Annales de Sciences Naturelles (Botanique) are usually given as the publication of the first description . In fact, at Durieu's request, the description had previously appeared in the Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux .

Due to ambiguities in the identification and species delimitation, Lenzites reichardtii Schulz was considered. 1880 as a valid scientific name for the European finds of the Auen-Blätterporlings for a long time, because the type specimen for this name was smaller than the relatively large one from Durieu and Montagne. It was only towards the end of the 20th century that people began to consider both names as synonyms . A conspecificity with the oak tangle ( Daedalea quercina ) was discussed for a long time: Giacomo Bresadola regarded Lenzites warnieri as a synonym of Daedalea quercina ; a view that Albert Pilát followed in 1940 and the name Daedalea quercina f for the Auen- Blätterporling . introduced lenzitoidea . The tangled oak differs not only in its labyrinthine hymenophore, but is also, unlike the floodplain leaf porling, a brown rot pathogen and only affects oaks. Alix David was able to prove in 1967 based on hybridization studies that the floodplain leaf sporlet and the oak tangle are two different species.

The Auen-Blätterporling is led today in the genus of the Blätterporlinge ( Lenzites ). A close relationship of this species to the Trameten ( Trametes ) has been suspected for a long time and also confirmed in DNA analysis. In fact, these investigations indicated that both the floodplain leaf porling and the sympatric birch leaf porling ( L. betulina ) are within the Trametes and that the leaf porlings are polyphyletic . The exact relationships between Lenzites and Trametes must therefore be clarified in further studies. As sister species of the floodplain leaf porling, both the birch leaf porling and Lenzites acuta from the tropics of the Old and New World come into question. DNA studies contradict the former, while genetic analyzes of the latter are lacking.

literature

  • C. Allard: Contribution à la Connaissance de Lenzites warnieri major. et Mont.apud Mont. (= L. reichardtii Schulz.). In: Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération Mycologique Dauphiné-Savoie 117, April 1990. pp. 13-15.
  • FD Calonge, F. Prieto-García, A. González: Lenzites warinieri (Polyporaceae), Segunda Cita Peninsular, Encontrado en Castillo-La Mancha. In: Boletin de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 32, 2008. pp. 81-84.
  • Alix David: Lenzites reichhartii Schulz. espèce nouvelle pour la flore française. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 36. pp. 155-163.
  • Felix Jungblut, Léopold Reichling: Le Polypore Lenzites warnieri major. et Mont. (= L. reichardtii S. Schulz.) au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. In: Lejeunia (Nouvelle série) 104, 1981. pp. 1-7.
  • Peter-Jan Keizer: Lenzites warnieri nieuw voor Nederland. In: Coolia 48 (3), 2005. pp. 165-166.
  • Hanns Kreisel: Lenzites warnieri (Basidiomycetes) in the Pleistocene of Thuringia. In: Fennes Repertorium 88 / No. 5-6, 1977. pp. 365-373.
  • German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
  • Maria Lacheva: A Study of Macromycetes in “Maglenishki Rid” Eastern Rhodopes Mts. I. In: Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 23, 2009. doi: 10.1080 / 13102818.2009.10818375 , pp. 100-103.
  • André Marchand : Champignons du Nord et du Midi. Tome 5: Bolétales et Aphyllophorales. Société Mycologique des Pyrénées Méditerranéennes , Perpignan 1975.
  • Camille Montagne: Neuvième Centurie de Plantes Cellulaires Nouvelles tant Indigènes et Exotiques, Décades I et II. In: Annales de Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. Quatrieme Series 14. pp. 167-186. ( Online )
  • Uwe Passauer: About a find of Daedalea quercina Fries f. lenzitoidea Bres. from Lower Austria. In: Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum Wien 80, 1976. pp. 87–91. ( Online ; PDF; 1.5 MB)
  • Leif Ryvarden, RL Gilbertson: European Polypores. Abortipore - Lindtneria . Fungiflora, Oslo 1993. ISBN 82-90724-12-8 .
  • Michal Tomšovský, Miroslav KolaÍík, Sylvie Pañoutová, Ladislav Homolka: Molecular phylogeny of European Trametes (Basidiomycetes, Polyporales) species based on LSU and ITS (nrDNA) sequences. In: Nova Hedwigia 82 (3-4), 2006. doi: 10.1127 / 0029-5035 / 2006 / 0082-0269 , pp. 269-280.
  • Milica Tortić: Lenzites reichhartii Schulzer. In: Acta Botanica Croatica 31, 1972. pp. 191-197.
  • Wulfard Winterhoff: On a find by L. warnieri Dur. et Mont. in the Upper Rhine Plain. In: Conference contributions. Series of publications by the Institute for Nature Conservation Darmstadt. Institute for Nature Conservation, Darmstadt 1986. pp. 3-11.

Web links

Commons : Auen-Blätterporling  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Montagne 1860 , p. 182.
  2. ↑ a b Krieglsteiner 2000 , p. 542.
  3. ↑ Kreisel 1977 , p. 367.
  4. ↑ Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993 , p. 379.
  5. ↑ a b c d Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993 , p. 381.
  6. ↑ Winterhoff 1986 , p. 5.
  7. ↑ Calonge et al. 2008 , pp. 83-84.
  8. ↑ Jungblut & Reichling 1981 , p. 5.
  9. ↑ Keizer 2005 , p. 165.
  10. ↑ Tortić 1971 , pp. 194–197.
  11. ↑ Lacheva 2009 , p. 102.
  12. ↑ a b Kreisel 1977 , p. 369.
  13. ↑ Allard 1990 , p. 15.
  14. ↑ Winterhoff 1986 , pp. 4-5.
  15. ↑ Allard 1990 , pp. 13-14.
  16. ↑ Passauer 1976 , pp. 90-91.
  17. ↑ Marchand 1975 , p. 200.
  18. ↑ Winterhoff 1986 , p. 4.
  19. ↑ David 1967 , p. 155.
  20. ↑ Tomošovský et al. 2006 , pp. 276-278.
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 18, 2012 in this version .