August Essenwein (architect)

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August Ottmar (Knight of) Essenwein (born November 2, 1831 in Karlsruhe ; † October 13, 1892 in Nuremberg ) was an architect , building historian and art writer; from 1866 he was director (first director) of the Germanisches Museum, which was later renamed the Germanisches Nationalmuseum .

Life

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Essen viticulture Nuremberg

From 1847 to 1852 August Essenwein attended the Polytechnic in Karlsruhe, today's Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , where he became a member of the Germania fraternity (now Teutonia ). He then made long study trips to Berlin, Cologne, Vienna and Paris. From 1853 to 1856 he worked as an architect in Karlsruhe. During this time, the work of North Germany's brick building in the Middle Ages, illustrated with 36 panels .

In 1856 he moved to Vienna and joined the state railroad. In addition, he devoted himself to art historical studies; he wrote several larger essays for the communications of the kk central commission etc. , made architectural designs of various kinds, in which he especially cultivated the Romanesque style, and was also active in the art industry. In 1864 he was elected to the municipal building officer in Graz and one year later appointed professor at the technical university there; here in 1867 he published, among other things, the volume The medieval art monuments of the city of Krakow .

Drawing of the Germanisches Museum

In 1866 he was appointed to Nuremberg as the first director of the Germanisches Museum (today Germanisches Nationalmuseum ), where he developed a very lively activity, as a result of which the institution was significantly expanded in a short time and gained a high reputation. He shifted the focus of the museum from a source repertory to an art and cultural history collection. He published, partly alone, partly with August von Eye , several small works on the museum, then special catalogs on some departments of the collection, with sources on the history of firearms and the woodcuts of the 14th and 15th centuries in the Germanic Museum, two large copper works, and many smaller essays in the gazette for customers of the German past . In addition, as a monument conservator, he made drafts for restoration work , e.g. B. the Bonn Minster , to wall paintings , glass paintings , organs (z. B. for the Church of St. Lorenz in Nuremberg), to the entire equipment of churches, z. B. Great St. Martin in Cologne, the execution of which he also monitored in every detail.

Furthermore, the expansion of the Carthusian monastery in Nuremberg , the seat of the Germanic Museum, is his work.

[This article is mainly based on the article from Meyer's Konversationslexikon from 1888/90.]

His grave is in the Nuremberg Johannisfriedhof .

Works

buildings

The Romanesque church in Lébény
  • Restoration of the church in Lébény ( West Hungary ), inside: 1862–1865, outside: 1872–1879
  • Various conversions and extensions for the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg
  • Restoration of the Frauenkirche in Nuremberg, since 1878
  • New town hall in Nuremberg ( Essenwein-Bau ) with town hall tower (Rathausgasse / Fünferplatz / Theresienstraße), 1885–1889 (destroyed 1944/45, remnants demolished in 1951 for altered reconstruction and redesign of the square)

Fonts (selection)

The coat of arms of the von Essenwein family in Wörth an der Donau

In addition to numerous articles in magazines and various catalogs, Essenwein wrote the following works:

  • North Germany's Back-Steinbau in the Middle Ages Karlsruhe undated (1855-1856) ( digitized version )
  • The development of the pillar and vault system in church architecture from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the end of the XIII. Century. In: Yearbook of the emperors. royal Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Architectural Monuments 3, 1859. 1–104.
  • The Chapel of Salvation. John the Baptist, called Capella Speciosa zu Klosterneuburg. In: Reports and Mittheilungen des Alterthums-Verein zu Wien 5, 1861, pp. 1-44.
  • The medieval art monuments of the city of Krakow , Nuremberg 1867
  • Sources on the history of firearms in Leipzig, 1872–1877 ( digitized images )
  • Art and cultural historical monuments of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Nuremberg 1877
  • The woodcuts of the 14th and 15th centuries in the Germanic Museum
  • Picture atlas on cultural history; Middle Ages , Leipzig 1884
  • Contributions to the architecture manual

literature

Web links

Wikisource: August Essenwein  - Sources and full texts
Commons : August Essenwein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files