Bauernsee (Grünheide)

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Bauernsee
Bauernsee Grünheide 04.jpg
The lake in May 2012, view from the south to the north shore
Geographical location Germany , Brandenburg
Tributaries Lichtenower Mühlenfließ
Drain Lichtenower Mühlenfließ with Liebenberger See → Löcknitz → Spree
Places on the shore Kagel
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 27 '38 "  N , 13 ° 55' 28"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 27 '38 "  N , 13 ° 55' 28"  E
Bauernsee (Grünheide) (Brandenburg)
Bauernsee (Grünheide)
Altitude above sea level 38.6  m above sea level NHN
surface 41 ha
length 2300 mdep1
width 820 mdep1
Maximum depth 3.5 m
Middle deep 2.5 m

The Bauernsee is a 41-  hectare body of water east of Kagel , a district of the Brandenburg municipality of Grünheide in the Oder-Spree district .

The lake, which is elongated from southwest to northeast, is part of a four-part chain of lakes, which flows through the Lichtenower Mühlenfließ , over which Löcknitz drains into the Spree . Like the entire chain of lakes, the Bauernsee was owned by the Zinna Monastery in the Middle Ages . Its name indicates that, unlike the other lakes, farmers were free to use the water.

Location and geomorphology

Bauernsee (Grünheide) (Barnim)
 
 
Löcknitz - Stöbber channel; Bauernsee with light blue stamp

The water is part of the chain of lakes (from southwest to northeast) Elsensee → Baberowsee → Bauernsee → Liebenberger See , which drains into the Löcknitz via its northernmost link, the Liebenberger See . The Löcknitz flows east parallel to the lakes and flows into the Spree in the Berlin glacial valley . The Löcknitz rises northeast of the chain of lakes in a pond near Forsthaus Bienenwerder and then flows through the Maxsee . The chain of lakes belongs to the Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz- Stobber -Rinne ), a glacial meltwater channel that formed in the last two phases of the Vistula Ice Age between the dead ice- filled Oderbruch and the Berlin glacial valley (today's Spreetal) Barnim plate separates from the Lebuser plate . This channel, which is around 30 kilometers long and two to six kilometers wide, drains from the Rotes Luch fen and headwaters area via the Stöbber to the northeast to the Oder and via Stöbberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree. The Grünheider chain of lakes from Möllensee , Peetzsee and Werlsee connects to the south and flows into the Neue Löcknitz (Löcknitz Canal).

The Bauernsee, like the neighboring lakes, is 38.6 meters above sea ​​level . Its area is 41 hectares. The mean depth is 2.5 meters, the maximum depth 3.5 meters. The body of water is around 2300 meters long and 820 meters wide.

Flora and fauna

In large parts of the water is surrounded by a dense belt of reeds . In the field after the coming bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV) in Germany specially protected liverwort ago. Perennial and herbaceous arrow herbs stand out among the marsh and aquatic plants . The flower of the year 1992, the round-leaved sundew , which is classified as endangered by the Brandenburg Red List, can be found on boggy ground . The lake is the kingfisher's hunting ground , twice bird of the year in Germany and 2006 bird of the year in Switzerland . According to Section 10, Paragraph 2, No. 5 and No. 11 of the BNatSchG, the bird is a strictly protected species in Germany . Gray herons also find their suitable habitat at the Bauernsee with shallow water zones and meadows.

In the 1990s, a fish ladder was built at the outflow of the neighboring Liebenberger See, which is directly connected to the Bauernsee , to make the access to the chain of lakes passable again for migrating fish species. These stairs at the Kienbaum Federal Training Center were rebuilt in 2010 by the Water and Landscape Management Association. Some of the new facility has floor slides and thirteen water basins and steps, on which the fish each climb ten centimeters. During the construction period, the fish are said to have "stood in line" in the stilling basin to get into the lakes. In the lakes there are eels , pikeperch and catfish that are declining in Brandenburg according to the Red List . In 2006, the following fish species were also detected on the fish ascent to Liebenberger See: roach , lead , hazel , tench , ruff , bleak , pike , bream , chub and gable .

history

Today the lake is completely under the administration of BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH , a company of the Federal Republic of Germany for the administration, leasing and sale of agricultural and forestry land in the new federal states .

First mentions and naming

View from the south bank to the northeast

As far as is known, the lake was first mentioned in writing in 1471 in the land register of the Cistercian monastery Zinna with the entry on the pauren see . In 1574 he was Erbregister of Rüdersdorf as The Bursehe recorded. While the neighboring Baberowsee has retained its name from the Slavic settlement period, the Slavic name of the Bauernsee is not known. According to the Brandenburg name book, the German naming of Bauernsee indicates the possession or use of farmers in contrast to manorial property .

Monastery property and Kageler lake pass

How was all green Heider lakes and areas also Bauernsee from the mid-13th century to the secularization in possession of at Jüterbog located Zinna Abbey . Kagel made the Cistercian monks a kind of base and built a so-called field monastery on the banks of the Baberowsee. With their large-scale water management and hydraulic engineering measures, which included the construction of numerous water mills on the rivers and lake drains, the monks made a significant contribution to the development and settlement of the Mark during the German settlement in the east . The trade route from Berlin to Lebus and Frankfurt / Oder ran over the so-called Kageler “Seenpass” between the Baberow and Bauernsee lakes and over the “Löcknitzpass” in Liebenberg .

Kahlbaum Hunting Lodge and today's surroundings

At the Bauernsee, the chemical manufacturer and councilor Johannes Kahlbaum built a hunting lodge for himself and his family in 1902 . Kahlbaum (born July 24, 1851 in Berlin, † August 15, 1909 in Adlershof ) was the owner of the Berlin chemical factory CAF Kahlbaum , which emerged in 1859 from the fuel cleaning company and liqueur factory founded by Carl August Ferdinand Kahlbaum and later the fuel cleaning company CAF Kahlbaum GmbH and in 1927 merged with Schering . During the construction, the last giant field stones of the Kagel monastery are said to have found their place in an artificial grotto in the park of the castle. After the First World War , the Kahlbaum heirs sold the castle to the wholesaler Heinrichs. After the Second World War , the castle was released for demolition. Only the farm building remained and was used as a children's holiday camp by VEB Messelektronik Berlin (founded in 1990 as MEB Messelektronik Berlin GmbH) during the GDR era . After the fall of the Wall in 1990 , the building remained unused and was damaged by vandalism.

The lake is almost undeveloped, only at the southwest end a settlement of Kagels extends almost to the shore. There are some dachas and a small beach on the south-west bank . Otherwise, the lake is surrounded by open terrain, in the north-western area by a small forest line and in part by agricultural areas of the Kranichsberger Agrargesellschaft. The company based in Kagel has extensive grounds on the north-west bank and primarily farms cattle and dairy cattle .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Bauernsee  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Landtag Brandenburg, printed matter 5/3497 (PDF; 371 kB) 5th electoral period. Answer of the state government to the major question No. 10 of the parliamentary group of the FDP, printed matter 5/2832, fishing and fish farming in Brandenburg. July 2011.
  2. ↑ a b Bathing lakes in Germany: Bauernsee .
  3. ↑ a b Eva Driescher: The Löcknitz and its catchment area […]. P. 13.
  4. ^ Eva Driescher: The Löcknitz and its catchment area [...]. P. 7, 12.
  5. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  6. ^ LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
  7. ↑ Brandenburg-Viewer, digital topographic maps 1: 10,000 (click on the menu)
  8. ^ Eva Driescher: The Löcknitz and its catchment area [...]. P. 13.
  9. ↑ Living at the Bauernsee in Kagel near Berlin: the place Kagel .
  10. ^ Rüdiger Prasse, Michael Ristow: List of wild growing vascular plants of the state of Berlin with red list. (PDF; 10.2 MB) The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (Ed.). Kulturbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 19 ISBN 3-88961-137-0 . Note: The list of Berlin also contains the classifications in Brandenburg.
  11. ↑ Jörg Gelbrecht, Gerhard Ziebarth: The NSG "Löcknitztal" . ...
  12. ↑ Manja Wilde: Fish now climb stairs. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , October 13, 2010.
  13. ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
  14. ^ Frank Friedrich: Fish fauna and ecological continuity in small rivers. Lebus, April 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.7 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mugv.brandenburg.de  
  15. ↑ Brandenburg name book. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg . ..., 1996, p. 27.
  16. ↑ a b community Grünheide: Kagel
  17. ^ German Water History Society e. V., Communications No. 15, September 2010, p. 38f (PDF; 9.9 MB)
  18. ^ Märkische country seats of the Berlin bourgeoisie. Dictionary. See entry under "K".
  19. ^ Regine Zott: The conversion of traditional trades into science-based branches of industry: the example of the chemical industry - the example of Schering. In: Science Studies. Yearbook 1996–97 . Siegfried Greif, Hubert Laitko, Heinrich Parthey (eds.). Society for Science Research, Berlin 2010 (special edition), pp. 80, 82. ISBN 978-3-934682-54-2