Liebenberger See

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Liebenberger See
Liebenberger See 01.jpg
The lake in April 2011, view from the northeast bank to the southwest
Geographical location Germany , Brandenburg
Tributaries Bauernsee
Drain Mühlenfließ → LöcknitzSpree
Places on the shore Kienbaum
Location close to the shore Müncheberg
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 27 '55 "  N , 13 ° 56' 46"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 27 '55 "  N , 13 ° 56' 46"  E
Liebenberger See (Brandenburg)
Liebenberger See
Altitude above sea level 38.6  m above sea level NHN
surface 51 ha
length 1684 mdep1
width 400 mdep1
volume 2.58 million m³dep1
Maximum depth 8.0 m
Catchment area 9691 hadep1

The Liebenberger See is a 51  hectare lake west of Kienbaum , a district of the Brandenburg community Grünheide in the Oder-Spree district .

The lake is located in the southern part of the glacial Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber -Rinne ) between the plateaus of Barnim and Lebuser Land . In this channel it forms the northernmost link of a four-part chain of lakes and drains the entire chain via its Mühlenfließ outflow into the Löcknitz, a tributary of the Spree . In 2004, the profile according to the EC Water Framework Directive (EC WFD) characterized Lake Liebenberger See, a maximum of eight meters deep, as a lime-rich, unstratified lake with a relatively large catchment area and rated its overall ecological and chemical condition as good (level two out of five). The Kienbaum Federal Performance Center of the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) is located on its south-eastern bank . The eponymous village of Liebenberg , located on the lake and risen in the neighboring village of Kienbaum, was of comparatively high importance in the Middle Ages due to its location on a pass on the trade route Berlin - Frankfurt / Oder .

Location and geomorphology

Liebenberger See (Barnim)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liebengerger See (light blue stamp) and Löcknitz (green stamp)

The body of water lies in the southern part of a glacial meltwater channel that formed in the last two phases of the Vistula Ice Age between the dead ice- filled Oderbruch and the Berlin glacial valley (today's Spreetal) and separates the Barnimplatte from the Lebuser Platte . This approximately 30 kilometers long and two to six kilometers wide Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz-Stöbber-Rinne ) drains from the low moor and source area Rotes Luch via the Stöbber to the northeast to the Oder and via Stöbberbach / Löcknitz to the southwest to the Spree . To the west of the Löcknitzlauf, two chains of lakes are lined up from northeast to southwest in the meltwater channel. The southern chain of Möllensee , Peetzsee and Werlsee drains south over the Neue Löcknitz into the Löcknitz. The upper four-part chain, consisting of Elsensee , Baberowsee and Bauernsee and Liebenberger See, is located in the lower reaches of the Lichtenower Mühlenfließ . Almost in the opposite direction to the other directions of flow, the water flows eastwards and only after leaving the Liebenberger See makes a short hook to the south into the Löcknitz - which in turn flows to the south-west.

The Löcknitz arises in a small, elongated pond near the Bienenwerder forester's house and then flows through the Maxsee . The 30-kilometer Loecknitz flows from Kienbaum to green Heider district Fangschleuse free meandering and has more than 20 kilometers, especially in the nature reserve Löcknitztal keep natural bank structures. In the Dämeritzsee it flows into the Spree , so that it drains into the North Sea via the Havel and Elbe .

Topography and hydrology

Morphometric, ecological and chemical data

According to an inventory in 2017, the profile according to the EC Water Framework Directive (EC WFD) for Lake Liebenberger See (water body no. 8000158278479) indicates an area of ​​51 and a catchment area of 97 km². The volume of the lake is 3 million m³. The maximum depth is 8 meters, the greatest length of the stretch of water from northeast to southwest is 1684 and the greatest width is 400 meters. The ecological as well as the chemical status are indicated on a five-point scale with 3 (= environmental target of the WFD is just missed (moderate status) ), whereby the ecological status in 2009 was still 1 (= environmental target "very good status" of the WFD will be achieved ). The quality component phytoplankton also received a 3. No values ​​are given for the two quality components macrophytes and diatoms . The LAWA trophic index was 3.6 ( polytrophic ). The body of water is characterized as a lime-rich, unstratified lake with a relatively large catchment area ( residence time > 30d) . (Note on the trophic system : The trophic index according to LAWA (1999) combines four trophic parameters (TP during full spring circulation and the vegetation means of chlorophyll a , visibility depth and TP ) in one number. The individual parameters are weighted differently. )

Lake runoff

Fish pass from 2010 at the lake outlet
European catfish , according to the Red List declining occurrence in Brandenburg

Hydrological measurements showed that the Liebenberger See with the Stobberbach makes the largest contribution to the discharge of the Löcknitz near Kienbaum. The annual mean 1979 to 1994 resulted in the following contributions from the three Löcknitz "sources":

  • Mühlenfließ, Liebenberger See discharge level: 0.17 m³ / s (see also: Lichtenower Mühlenfließ )
  • Stobberbach, Heidekrug level: 0.17 m³ / s (Heidekrug is a part of Müncheberg southwest of the city )
  • Mühlenfließ, outflow of the Maxsee, gauge Neue Mühle: 0.15 m³ / s.

The Liebenberger See and in particular the Maxsee carry large amounts of phytoplankton or plankton- borne Seston into the Löcknitz (Seston is defined as the particulate organic material of the water column ). However, the phytoplankton introduced is already effectively eliminated after 1.8 kilometers of flow. In 1994 the Seston concentration decreased by 89% during the weeks of dense and vital macrophyte colonization; In the months before the growth of the macrophytes or after the decline of the macrophytes during the hot spell, the seston retention on this flow path was around 50%.

Fish pass and fish

In the 1990s, a fish ladder was built at the outflow of the Liebenberger See to make the access to the chain of lakes passable again for migratory fish species. These stairs led through the administration building of the Kienbaum Federal Training Center. As part of the new construction of the building, the Water and Landscape Management Association built a new fish ladder in 2010 that leads past the building. Some of the new facility has floor slides and thirteen water basins and steps, on which the fish each climb ten centimeters. During the construction period, the fish are said to have “stood in line” in the stilling basin to get into the lake. A flood relief system runs parallel to the fish ladder . The pipe with a diameter of one meter was a requirement of the Upper Water Authority. If the level rises in Liebenberger See, it is also opened. The Lower Nature Conservation Authority set the fish ladder as a condition for the new construction of the building. According to the Red List in Brandenburg , eels , pikeperch and catfish are found in the lake . In 2006, the following fish species were also detected on the ascent to the lake: roach , lead , hazel , tench , ruff , bleak , pike , bream , chub and gable .

The Federal Training Center takes up almost half of the northwestern shore area. The remaining bank areas determine forest, meadow and agricultural areas.

history

Today the lake is completely under the administration of BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH , a company of the Federal Republic of Germany for the administration, leasing and sale of agricultural and forestry land in the new federal states . In the German East Settlement , Liebenberg, located on the northeastern bank, shaped the history of the lake - according to the community of Grünheide, however, the old town of Liebenberg [...] has sunk into the darkness of history.

First mentions and etymology

As far as is known, the lake was first mentioned in writing in 1471 in the land register of the Cistercian monastery Zinna with the entry on the Lyvenberchschen see . Liebenberg (at that time, however, very likely already desolate ) was recorded in documents as Oppidum Levenberch in the register of Lehnin monastery as early as 1247 . In the entry, the Lehniner abbot Siger testifies as a witness in Spandau that the jointly ruling Margraves Johann I and Otto III. have transferred the possessions around the town of Liebenberg to the Zinna monastery. In a further document from this time, the property of Barnem (Barnim) of the monastery, among others, Closterstorp, Levenberg and Revelde ( Klosterdorf , Liebenberg, Rehfelde ) is noted. The land book of Charles IV already lists the name Liebenberg in 1375 . Similar to the many names with the defining word -schön , the choice of name was typical for the German Ostsiedlung. According to Reinhard E. Fischer , the village on a lovely mountain should express something beautiful in order to win over settlers for the new territories of the Mark Brandenburg, founded in 1157 . The lake and the surrounding villages remained in the possession of the Zinna monastery until secularization in the middle of the 16th century.

Liebenberg

Information sign about Liebenberg on site. The Stobberbach is recorded with its old name Köpernitz .

The Cistercian monks contributed considerably to the development of the region with their extensive water management and hydraulic engineering measures, which included the construction of numerous water mills on the rivers and lake drains. For their Molendinum in Lyebenberg , also mentioned in 1247 , the old mill in Liebenberg, they very probably created the outflow of the lake, the Mühlenfließ. In the land book of Charles IV in 1375 another mill is mentioned, which was on the Löcknitz. Remnants of the wall from the Mühlgraben were found on today's residential property.

The center of Liebenberg was on a sandy island-like hill between the north-eastern shore of the lake, the lake drain, the Stobberbach and the Löcknitz (see map on the right). Finds of broken glass and large urns show that this place was already inhabited by the Slavic period at the latest . In the first half of the 13th century, a German hilltop castle is said to have stood here. The height at the so-called Liebenberger Löcknitzpass most likely played an important strategic function as a connection to the Roten Luch. In the centuries that followed, the pass retained its importance. It was located in the border area between the sphere of influence of the Zinna monastery and the diocese of Lebus - the north-west Maxsee with the village of Hoppegarten belonged to the town of Müncheberg , which was owned by Lebus. In 1375 the Liebenberg customs are occupied, around 1890 the customs house was still standing on today's meadow . In 1759 Frederick the Great stopped in the Zollkrug mentioned in 1405 . The building, which was made a jug after the elector's visit and has since been demolished, still existed in 1934 as a community council house. There was a customs administrator in Liebenberg until 1800. The trade route from Berlin ran over the Löcknitzpass and across the Kagel “Seenpass” (between Baberow and Bauernsee) via Lebus to Frankfurt / Oder. In addition, there was a post office on Poststrasse on this oldest transport connection between Berlin and Frankfurt , which led via Erkner , Hangelsberg and Fürstenwalde . Around 1694 a stagecoach and once a week a mail rider passed the station on today's dirt road. In 1471, the area of ​​the Liebenberg, which had long since risen up in the previously insignificant neighboring town of Kienbaum, was still mentioned as the "old town". The sand hill of the so-called Liebenberger Schlossberg is largely excavated today. On the sandy hill there are remaining holes from gravel pits and a partially renatured garbage dump. The small settlement of one- and two-family houses to the west of the Löcknitzbrücke is still shown on some current maps as Liebenberg and belongs to Kienbaum as a residential area.

Sewer planning 1877/79 and federal performance center

Administration building of the Kienbaum Federal Training Center in 2012

To connect the Oder and Spree there were extensive plans in 1877/79 as a major water management and hydraulic engineering project. In the so-called Müncheberger variant, the Löcknitz-Stobber-Rinne - including the Liebenberger See - should be used for routing. At the exit of the Möllensee there was a boat lift and in the northern part of Kagel a port-like facility. The cross profile of the canal should have a slope of 1: 2 at 2 m water depth, 14 m floor width, 22 m water level width. It was designed for ships with a deadweight of 270 t and a draft of 1.5 m, a width of 6 m and a length of 45 m. The project was not implemented; instead, it was decided in 1888 to build what is now the Oder-Spree Canal .

The extensive federal training center Kienbaum is located on the north-west bank on the site of the former Liebenberger Mühle at the lake outlet. At the beginning of the 20th century, a sawmill was built here, but it was only in operation for a short time and its buildings were then inhabited by the poor of the village. In both world wars, the buildings served as an ammunition factory for the manufacture of grenades . After the machines were dismantled in 1945, the buildings were empty until 1948. In September 1949 a newly built rest home was opened, which was primarily available to artists, scientists and state officials of the GDR . In 1955 the facility became the competitive sports school of the German Gymnastics and Sports Association (DTSB). In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, the facility was extensively expanded to include accommodation, sports halls, sports fields and supply facilities. After reunification , the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) took over the facility as a federal performance center . Since then, various renovations and extensions have taken place in various construction steps. German top athletes are trained for the Olympic Games and the Paralympics in sports such as athletics , gymnastics , ball games , judo , boxing , cycling , triathlon , archery , speed skating , bobsleigh and table tennis . The Liebenberger See is used, among other things, for performance-oriented sailing and surfing and since 2008 for canoeing .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Liebenberger See  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g Brandenburg State Environment Agency. Profile of the lakes EC water framework directive: Liebenberger See . (PDF; 201 kB) In addition: Reading aid and explanation of the parameters.
  2. Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe area - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river areas . (PDF; 2.9 MB) In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  3. Natural area Märkische Schweiz . LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V.
  4. a b Jörg Gelbrecht, Gerhard Ziebarth: The NSG "Löcknitztal" . ...
  5. Michael Bergemann: Complete list of flowing waters in the Elbe catchment area . Authority for Environment and Energy, Hamburg July 1, 2015 ( PDF; 802 kB [accessed on November 29, 2015]).
  6. Page no longer available , search in web archives: Brandenburg-Viewer: Digital topographic maps 1: 10,000: Liebenberger See with the confluence of the Lichtenower Mühlenfließ into the Löcknitz@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / bb-viewer.geobasis-bb.de
  7. Jacqueline Rücker: 10 years of water research in the Scharmützelsee area - trophic and phytoplankton development from 1994 to 2003 ( Memento from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 883 kB) Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, BTU Current Series 3/2004, p. 11
  8. Eva Driescher: The Löcknitz and their catchment area ... , p. 12.
  9. Michael Böhme: oxygen balance, seston retention and [...] , pp. 60, 66
  10. Manja Wilde: Fish now climb stairs. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , October 13, 2010.
  11. ↑ Entire species list and red list of fish and lampreys (Pisces et Cyclostomata) from Berlin: p. 87 – p. 91 in Fish in Berlin - Balance of Species Diversity ", published by the Fisheries Office Berlin
  12. ^ Frank Friedrich: Fish fauna and ecological continuity in small rivers.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.7 MB) Lebus, April 2011.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mugv.brandenburg.de  
  13. Landtag Brandenburg, printed matter 5/3497 (PDF; 371 kB) 5th electoral period. Answer of the state government to the major question No. 10 of the parliamentary group of the FDP, printed matter 5/2832, fishing and fish farming in Brandenburg. July 2011.
  14. a b c Kienbaum community Grünheide
  15. Brandenburg name book. Part 10. The names of the waters of Brandenburg . Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert, edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for History and Culture of East Central Europe. V. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , p. 168
  16. ^ Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542. Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Vol. 12.1. Freie Universität Berlin, Diss. 1999. Lukas, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 , pp. 337, 399
  17. ^ Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542. Register directory. Vol 12.2., ISBN 3-931836-46-0 , entry no.91
  18. ^ Märkische Schweiz: Chronicle of Klosterdorf .
  19. Reinhard E. Fischer: The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , p. 104 , ISSN  1860-2436 .
  20. a b German Water History Society e. V., Communications No. 15, September 2010, p. 38f (PDF; 9.9 MB)
  21. a b On-site information board from 2004
  22. Loecknitz-Grundschule Berlin (after: M. Weiß, M. Rehberg (ed.): Between Schorfheide and Spree . Berlin 1940): The history of our school name ( Memento from April 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  23. Short chronicle. Federal Training Center Kienbaum.