Bischofsheim (Main Valley)

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Bischofsheim
City of Maintal
Coat of arms of the former community of Bischofsheim
Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ′ 56 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 18 ″  E
Height : 101 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.92 km²
Residents : 14,769  (Jun. 30, 2018)
Population density : 2.134 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 63477
Area code : 06109
Aerial photograph 2007
Aerial photograph 2007

Bischofsheim ( listen ? / I ) is a district of Maintal in the Main-Kinzig district in East Hesse . Audio file / audio sample

geography

location

Bischofsheim is located in the Rhine-Main area at an altitude of about 100 m above sea level. NN in a belt of reeds that extends from the east of Frankfurt between the Berger Hang and the Main Plain . The Enkheimer Ried , a former moor landscape , is located in an oxbow lake of the Main and is now a nature reserve . The city center of Frankfurt is approx. 11 kilometers to the west, the city center of Hanau is approx. 10 kilometers east of Bischofsheim.

Neighboring cities

View from the Berger slope over Bischofsheim

Bischofsheim bordered to the west by the Frankfurt districts of Bergen-Enkheim and Fechenheim , east to Hochstadt , in the south and southeast (see neighboring towns Dörnigheim) to Dörnigheim and in the north on the community Niederdorfelden .

history

prehistory

In the forest between Bischofsheim and Enkheim there is a larger burial field with almost 70 burial mounds from the Hallstatt period .

middle Ages

Bischofsheim was first mentioned in a document in 880. Historical forms of the name were Biscofesheim (880) and Bischovesheim (1222).

In 1255, Bischofsheim came largely from the Munzenberg inheritance to the Lords of Falkenstein . They acquired another quarter in 1283 from the Lords of Hohenfels .

Bischofsheim belonged to the Bornheimerberg Imperial Court, but in 1294 and 1366 the Lords of Falkenstein counted it as the Dreieichenhain office , i.e. one of the rights and possessions that Falkenstein had in the Dreieich Wildbann . In 1419, Bischofsheim came from the Falkensteiners to the County of Isenburg , which ceded it to the County of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1500 . There it belonged to the Bornheimerberg office .

Church conditions

As early as 880 there was a parish church with the patronage of St. Protus and St. Hyacinthus . The central church authority was the Archdiaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz , Landkapitel Roßdorf . The patronage of the church lay initially with the Salvatorkirche , then with its structural successor, the Bartholomäusstift in Frankfurt. In 1803 it was transferred to the city of Frankfurt, in 1806 to the community of Bischofsheim, which ceded it to the Electorate of Hesse in 1829 .

Modern times

In the middle of the 16th century, the Reformation took hold in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, initially in its Lutheran form. Bischofsheim was one of the most conservative places and in 1548 it was still completely Roman Catholic . In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the county was changed again: From 1597 Count Philip Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and enforced the Reformed Confession for the county - and thus also in bishop's home - as largely binding. The parish church of Bischofsheim now belonged to the parish of Bergen. 1636–1689 Bischofsheim and Hochstadt had a common pastor, which was due to the need of the Thirty Years' War .

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , 1736, Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and thus also the Bornheimerberg office with Bischofsheim on the basis of a contract from 1643.

During the Napoleonic period, the Principality of Hanau with its Bischofsheim was under French military administration from 1806 to 1810 and then from 1810 to 1813 it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to Hessen-Kassel, since 1803 the Electorate of Hessen . A fundamental administrative reform took place here in 1821: The Bergen Office (formerly Bornheimerberg Office) was added to the newly formed Hanau district.

As part of the municipal reform in Hesse on 1 July 1974, the communities Bischofsheim, were Hochstadt , Wachenbuchen and the city Dörnigheim the new city Maintal powerful state law together . At the same time, the Main-Kinzig district was formed, into which the old district of Hanau was merged.

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1576: 85 Hubener
• 1632: 71 families
• 1634: 72 house seats
• 1636: 133 inhabitants
• 1707: 176 families
• 1752: 98 households and 3 Jews
• 1812: 104 fireplaces, 647 souls
Bischofsheim: Population from 1752 to 2018
year     Residents
1752
  
 459
1812
  
 647
1834
  
 739
1840
  
 760
1846
  
 815
1852
  
 902
1858
  
 942
1864
  
 974
1871
  
 1,026
1875
  
 1,080
1885
  
 1,147
1895
  
 1,330
1905
  
 1,629
1910
  
 1.914
1925
  
 2.165
1939
  
 2,381
1946
  
 2,887
1950
  
 3,144
1956
  
 3,675
1961
  
 4,787
1967
  
 8,677
1970
  
 9,652
2006
  
 13,911
2012
  
 14,062
2015
  
 14,586
2018
  
 14,769
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; City of Maintal

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1885: 1088 Protestant (= 94.86%), 12 Catholic (= 1.05%), 47 Jewish (= 4.10%) residents
  • 1961: 3290 Protestant (= 68.73%), 1211 Catholic (= 25.30%) inhabitants

Land use

 Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1885 (hectare): 697, of which 510 arable fields (= 73.17%), 69 meadows (= 9.90%), 83 logs (= 11.91%)
  • 1961 (hectare): 692, of which 70 forest (= 10.12%)

badges and flags

Banner Bischofsheim (Maintal) .svg

coat of arms

Coat of arms Maintal-Bischofsheim.svg

Blazon : “Shield split 3: 1; in front two interlocking silver gear rings one above the other; behind in silver a green reed stem with green leaves and black cob. "

The coat of arms was approved for the community of Bischofsheim in what was then the Hanau district on August 21, 1968 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior . It was designed by the Bad Nauheim heraldist Heinz Ritt

The reeds are intended to show the marshland that used to exist around Bischofsheim, i.e. the nature in the place. The cogwheels are intended to symbolize the new industrial area at the train station at the time the coat of arms was created , and thus the industry.

flag

The flag was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior on October 9, 1968 and is described as follows:

"Between narrow red side stripes a wide silver central strip, in the upper third covered with the municipal coat of arms."

Natural spaces

On the Bischofsheimer side of the Enkheimer Ried there is a remarkable old oak population on the south-eastern edge of the Gänseweiher between Gänseweiherweg and the stadium of FSV 07 Bischofsheim. The oldest tree there probably germinated around 1710. Its circumference is almost 4 meters.

  • Approx. 300 year old oak on the goose pond with a circumference of almost 4 meters.

  • Old oak south-east of the goose pond

  • Old oak at the Gänseweiher rest area

The population is part of a larger collection of remarkable oaks in the Enkheimer Wald and in the Enkheimer Ried nature reserve. The Enkheim old oaks stand on the southern edge of the Enkheimer Ried nature reserve of the Frankfurt city forest and Frankfurt green belt . With a trunk circumference of 3 to 4.74 meters, an age between 250 and 380 years and heights between 25 and 35 meters, they are among the oldest and best preserved tree populations in Frankfurt. A total of 30 individual specimens have been documented, which are mainly concentrated in four places in the approximately 23.3 hectare Enkheim Forest, of which the nature reserve takes up approx. 8.9 hectares.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic structure

Until the end of the Second World War, the place lived from agriculture and small businesses, but also from the employment opportunities of the chemical industry in the east of Frankfurt. Only after 1945 did the development of today's district begin. Many skyscrapers were built to withstand the rapidly increasing population.

Due to its location in the Rhine-Main area and its direct proximity to Frankfurt am Main , Bischofsheim has a good infrastructure. To the south of Bischofsheim is the Maintal-West industrial park, in which the Federal Technical School for Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and more is located.

traffic

The Maintal West stop (formerly: Bischofsheim-Rumpenheim ) is located in the south of the district on the Frankfurt – Hanau railway line . Regional trains on the route Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof –Maintal– Hanau Hauptbahnhof (- Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof ) stop here. The motorway separates Bischofsheim from the Maintal-West industrial park.

The A 66 also runs through the district and has a junction here. The B 8 and B 40 run south of the industrial park . The other districts of Maintal and Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim can be reached in a few minutes via country roads.

education

In the district, several independent organizations offer care for kindergarten and elementary school children. The parents' association Bischofsheim eV runs the private Montessori kindergarten .

In Bischofsheim there are two primary schools, a comprehensive school and a grammar school. The two primary schools are the forest school and Villa-Kunterbunt-Schule . The comprehensive school Erich-Kästner -Schule is the largest school in Bischofsheim in terms of area, followed by the Albert-Einstein-Gymnasium . The Albert-Einstein-Gymnasium is the only gymnasium in Maintal, which is noticeable in the high number of students from all parts of the city.

literature

  • Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986, part 1 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 107f.
  • Herbert Lippert: Chronicle of the community Bischofsheim, district Hanau . [Ed .: Municipality of Bischofsheim, district of Hanau]. Maintal, 1975.
  • Heinrich Reimer : Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen . Marburg 1926, p. 50.
  • Robert Kinkel: Bischem-today and then - Maintal-Bischofsheim . Maintal 2010, ISBN 978-3-8391-8041-9 .
  • Literature about Bischofsheim in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Bischofsheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population figures . In: Internet presence. City of Maintal, archived from the original on October 28, 2018 ; accessed on October 28, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Ulrich Fischer : Barrows in the Bergen Forest, City of Frankfurt a. M. and Main-Kinzig-Kreis. In: Find reports from Hessen 22/23 (1982/83), p. 227 ff.
  3. ↑ Aschkewitz, p. 108.
  4. ↑ Aschkewitz, p. 107.
  5. ↑ Aschkewitz, p. 108.
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 2 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .
  8. ↑ a b c Bischofsheim, Main-Kinzig-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  9. ↑ In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. The figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area. 2011, OCLC 1073465042 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff.) (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45)
  10. ↑ Lippert, p. 79.
  11. ^ Historical local dictionary: Extended search: LAGIS Hessen. Accessed January 30, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Bischofsheim, district Hanau, administrative district Darmstadt from August 21, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 38 , p. 1423 , point 1080 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.0 MB ]).
  13. ^ Approval of a flag for the community of Bischofsheim in the district of Hanau, administrative district of Darmstadt from October 9, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 44 , p. 1626 , point 1253 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.0 MB ]).