Oloví
| Oloví | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Sokolov | ||||
| Area : | 1904.8811 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 15 ' N , 12 ° 34' E | ||||
| Height: | 528 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,672 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 357 07 | ||||
| License plate : | K | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Sokolov - Kraslice | ||||
| Railway connection: | Sokolov – Klingenthal | ||||
| Next international airport : | Karlovy Vary Airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 4th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jiří Mikuláš (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Hory 42 357 07 Oloví |
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| Municipality number: | 560588 | ||||
| Website : | www.olovi.com | ||||
| Location of Oloví in the Sokolov district | |||||
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Oloví ( German pencil town ) is a town in Okres Sokolov in Karlovarský kraj in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in western Bohemia on a hill eleven kilometers northwest of Sokolov ( Falkenau an der Eger ) in the Ore Mountains . The location extends on the right bank of the Zwodau . The Sokolov – Klingenthal railway runs through the village .
Neighboring towns are Anenské Údoli in the north, Hory, Loučná and Jindřichovice in the northeast, Háj in the east, Nové Domy and Boučí in the southeast, Hřebeny in the south, Dolina, Krajková and Libnov in the southwest, Bernov in the west and Horní Studenec and Dolní Studenec in the northwest.
Neighboring communities
| Kraslice (Graslitz) | Rotava (Rothau) | |
.svg)
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Jindřichovice (Heinrichsgrün) | |
| Krajková (Gossengrün) | Dolní Nivy (sub-green) |
Community structure
The town consists of the districts Oloví Hory ( Horn ), Nové Domy ( Neuhaus ), Oloví ( Bleistadt ) and Studenec ( Prünles ). Basic settlement units are Dolní Oloví ( Lower Pencil Town ), Dolní Studenec ( Unterprünles ), Horní Studenec ( Upper Prünles ), Horní Oloví ( Upper Pencil Town), Hory, Lipec ( Lindenhammer ) and Nové Domy.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Hory u Oloví, Nové Domy, Oloví and Studenec u Oloví.
history
Evidence of lead mining in the area of the Zwodau valley has existed since the middle of the 14th century. During this time, the mountain settlement Altenberg was built on a plateau above the river valley . According to information on old town seals, the survey of the market in Pencil Town was carried out in 1519 by the owner of St. Joachimsthal , Stefan Schlick . This privilege from 1523 is documented. The oldest mountain book in lead town is one year younger .
In 1558, Emperor Ferdinand I granted the town, which was part of the Hartenberg rule, town rights and in the same year enacted mining regulations for lead town. The city received a city church on the market in the center. In 1561 Ferdinand Pencil City was elevated to the status of a royal free mountain town . After the city was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bohemia as a crown property in 1579, this privilege was renewed in 1581 by Emperor Rudolf II .
After the Thirty Years War, the city, which then consisted of 65 houses, grew rapidly and by 1850 more than 1,000 people were living here. When mining came to a standstill in the following years, a large part of the population emigrated; the local population decreased from 1100 (1880) to 911 (1890). At the end of the 19th century, lead mining was completely stopped.
The opening of the railway connection from Falkenau to Graslitz by the Buschtehrad railway company in 1876 did not lead to the establishment of flat glass production until 1892, which was initially founded as Luisen-Glashütte, shortly afterwards under the company Erste Böhmische Glasindustrie AG in the Zwodautal below the old town of lead town (Oberbleistadt) has been. Immediately after it was founded, the glass factory was the town's main employer. Around 1900, the glassworks initially had around 200 employees, with employment rising to 1,055 by 1926.
In addition, mother-of-pearl button manufacture (Gebr. Gerstner), musical instrument making (Lazar Stern), basket weaving (with the technical school for basket weaving founded in 1893) and lace making played a modest role.
In 1919, after the First World War , lead town was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia . Due to the Munich Agreement , the place came to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Falkenau an der Eger , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland until 1945 .
Most of the city's residents belonged to the German population. After the Germans were driven out , glass production was continued in Oloví after the Second World War; glassmakers from Slovakia were also settled here. After 1990 this tradition expired and the glassworks was shut down. The place lost its town charter in the 1950s; since January 23, 2007 Oloví is a city again.
The company AGC (formerly Glaverbel) has been producing high-quality flat glass products in Olovi since 2003, especially fire protection glass (pyrobel), thus continuing the tradition of glass production and finishing of flat glass products in Olovi.
The lead town mining area
Lead city originated on rich lead ore deposits. Around 1500 it was acquired by Count Stefan Schlick , who probably had a mining town built here in 1519 in the style of the typical Saxon Renaissance Erzgebirge mining towns. At about the same time, the Schlick counts opened up Sankt Joachimsthal . A lot of lead was required for silver mining there. In the 16th century, most of the 40 to 50 ore veins in the local area were excavated. The area ranged from Kaltenberg (Studenec) via Pencil Town and Hartenberg (Hrebeny) to Robesgrün (Radvanov). The most productive pits were: Andreas, Jan, Trankstollen, Anna, Margareta, Maria Theresia and Peter. Dozens of other mines were also in operation. In 1561 Ferdinand I. elevated lead town to a royal mountain town . In the 16th century, 30,000 tons of lead were extracted here. After that, the production volume fell continuously. The mines were abandoned at the end of the 19th century. In the 20th century, the pits were briefly reopened in the 1940s due to the war. The later attempts (after 1945) to extract lead and uranium did not bring any great economic success. In the 20th century, exploratory tunnel No. 112 was driven in lead town. He cuts all medieval pits in the area of the Kaltenberg (Studenec). Since a number of pits are still accessible, a future use for mining tourism was considered. The exploratory tunnel 112 is supposed to be unique in the Czech Republic from a technical point of view.
Population development
Until 1945, Pencil Town was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1847 | 1,026 | in 170 houses |
| 1869 | 1,079 | |
| 1880 | 1.108 | |
| 1890 | 911 | |
| 1900 | 1,350 | German residents |
| 1910 | 1,874 | |
| 1921 | 1,570 | 1343 of them are Germans |
| 1930 | 1,752 | |
| 1939 | 1,726 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 1 | 1970 1 | 1980 1 | 1991 1 | 2001 1 | 2011 1 |
| Residents | 1,025 | 1,943 | 2,266 | 2.146 | 1,783 | 1,901 | 1,741 |
Culture and sights
- Church of St. Michael the Archangel, built as a pseudo-Gothic building in place of the town church from the early 16th century according to the plans of the architect Rudolf Vomáčka and consecrated in 1902 by Archbishop Leo Skrbenský of Hříště .
traffic
Oloví has a train station on the Sokolov – Klingenthal cross-border railway line . There are direct train connections with the VIAMONT trains to Sokolov , Karlovy Vary ( Karlsbad ) and Zwickau .
sons and daughters of the town
- Gerhard Fuchs (historian) (* 1928), historian.
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560588/Olovi
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/560588/Obec-Olovi
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560588/Obec-Olovi
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560588/Obec-Olovi
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 173-174 .
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 3, Leipzig and Vienna 1905, p. 49.
- ^ Eißner Lois: Pencil town, once royal free mining town 1523-1973, Schwandorf 1973, p. 98 ff.
- ↑ Paths of Cultural Heritage: A travel guide through the important mining monuments of the western Ore Mountains (The Path of Mining Monuments), Olovi (Pencil Town) p. 49–52, Karlovarsky Kraj, Polypress Karlovy Vary 2013, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-80-87104- 73-6
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, pp. 55–57.
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Falkenau (Czech. Sokolow, formerly Falknov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 14, 2016 (Czech).
literature
- Wenzel R. Zartner: The lead mining in the westernmost Bohemian Ore Mountains, lead town. In: Scientific journal Lotos. 76, 1928, pp. 79-98, ( digitized ).
- Eißner Lois: Lead town, once a royal free mountain town 1523–1973. Schwandorf 1973.
- Kaspar Maria von Sternberg : Outlines of the history of the Bohemian mines . Volume 1, Prague, 1836, pp. 429-435.
