Evangelical Church of the Augsburg and Helvetic Confessions in Lesser Poland
The Evangelical Church of Augsburg and Helvetic Confession in Lesser Poland (Evangelical Church A. and H. B. in Lesser Poland , Polish Kościół Ewangelicki Augsburskiego i Helweckiego Wyznania w Małopolsce ) was a Protestant church mainly of the German population in Galicia in Poland from 1920 to 1939.
history
From 1919 Galicia belonged to the new Polish state . The mostly German-speaking Protestant residents formed an independent Evangelical Church A. and H. B. in Lesser Poland in 1920 as the successor to the Superintendentur Galicia of the Evangelical Church A. B. in Austria . The previous Galician superintendent Hermann Fritsche became chairman .
After tensions between the German-speaking and Polish-speaking church members, the mostly Polish-speaking Lutherans in the Kraków area and three German-speaking congregations in the Polish part of the Teschener Land ( Bielitz , Old Bielitz and Ober Kurzwald ) joined the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland with a consistory in Warsaw.
In 1923 Pastor Theodor Zöckler from Stanisławów was elected as the new head of the church. He became the leading representative of the German-speaking minority in Poland . The Evangelical Church A. and H. B. in Lesser Poland supported the establishment of the Ukrainian Evangelical Church A. B. as the first Evangelical Church of the Ukrainians in 1925.
In 1939 the church was dissolved after the occupation of Galicia by the Soviet Union. Most of the German-speaking Poles were resettled in the German Empire . Very few members of the church were resident within the German borders recognized by international law, most served the German Nazi occupiers as a means of their Germanization and anti-Polish population policy in the Warthegau, where they became refugees and expellees in 1945. Zöckler and other church representatives joined the Uniate Evangelical Church in the Wartheland , where they witnessed and often argued in Arthur Greiser's intensified church struggle in the Mustergau.
Structures
The majority of the church members were members of the German minority (90.3% in 1937) or partially Polonized descendants of the Galician Germans . There were three Lutheran and one Reformed seniorate in different regions.
In 1925 there were about 31,500 members, including about 27,500 Lutherans and about 4,000 Reformed . At the end of the 1930s there were 24 churches. The largest parishes were Lwów (3670 members), Stanisławów (1890) and Stryj (1662), the smallest Zaleszczyki (68), Raniżów (79) and Jarosław (90).
Seniorate | Confession | nationality | All in all | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Augsburgisch | Helvetic | Poland | German | Ukrainians | Other | ||
Western seniorate | 4,740 | 26th | 497 | 4,269 | - | - | 4,766 |
Middle seniorate | 11,095 | 558 | 1,236 | 10,362 | 23 | 32 | 11,653 |
Eastern seniorate | 10,345 | 569 | 93 | 10,188 | 633 | - | 10,914 |
Helvetic seniorate | 1,628 | 2,872 | - | 3,938 | 246 | - | 4,500 |
All in all | 27,808 | 4.025 | 1,826 | 28,750 | 1,137 | 32 | 31,833 |
Were church presidents
- Superintendent Hermann Fritsche (1920–1924)
- Superintendent Theodor Zöckler (1924–1939)
Communities
Parish | founding year | Denomination | Seniorate | Number of members (1937) | Subsidiary communities and localities | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandrów (Bandrow) | 1788 | FROM | Middle | 445 + 217 ( Makowa ), 202 ( Siegenthal ), 149 ( Steinfels ), 91 ( Obersdorf ) |
Jałowe L., Prinzenthal L., Makowa Fg., Siegenthal Fg., Obersdorf Fg. |
|
Biała Krakowska (Biala) | 1781 | FROM | Western | 1148 + 700 ( Lipnik ) |
Żywiec L., Lipnik Fg. |
|
Brygielin (Brigidau) | 1786 | FROM | Eastern | 985 + 326 ( Gassendorf ), 150 ( Neudorf ), 133 ( Borysław ), 165 ( Stebnik ), 127 ( Drohobycz ) |
Gassendorf Fg., Neudorf Fg., Borysław Fg., Stebnik Fg., Drohobycz Fg., Duliby Fg. |
|
Dornfeld | 1786 | FROM | Eastern | 875 + 12 ( Nowe Chrusno ), 187 ( Reichenbach ), 135 ( Lindenfeld ), 194 ( Falkenstein ), 115 ( Einsiedel ), 47 ( Rosenberg ) | Mikołajewo L., Szczerce L., Nowe Chrusno L., Reichenbach (Krasów) Fg., Lindenfeld Fg., Falkenstein Fg., Einsiedel Fg., Rosenberg (Rożankowo) Fg. |
|
Gelsendorf | 1785/1812 | FROM | Eastern | 535 + 710 ( Bolechow ), 144 ( Nowe Oleksice ) |
Bolechow Fg., Nowe Oleksice Fg. |
|
Hartfeld | 1780s | FROM | Middle | 304 + 249 ( Neu-Burschitz ), 227 ( Neu-Kupnowitz ), 144 ( Rottenhan ), 62 ( Neuhof ), 145 ( Schumlau ), 55 ( Berdikau (Moosberg) ) |
Neu-Burschitz Fg., Neu-Kupnowitz Fg., Rottenhan Fg., Neuhof Fg., Schumlau Fg., Berdikau (Moosberg) Fg. |
|
Czermin (Hohenbach) | 1783/1784 (until 1867 parish seat in Reichsheim ) | FROM | Western | 342 + 162 ( Reichsheim ), 127 ( Padew Kol. ) + 59 ( Goleszów ) |
Reichsheim Fg., Padew Kol. Fg., Goleszów Fg. |
|
Jarosław (Jarosław) | around 1775 | FROM | Middle | 90 + 116 ( Przemyśl ) | Przemyśl Fg. | |
Jozefów (Josefow) | 1786/1805 | HB | Middle | 518 + 170 ( Stanin ), 84 ( Hanunin ), 113 ( Mirów ), 61 ( Romanówka ), 142 ( Heinrichsdorf ), 127 ( Zboiska ), 339 ( Sapieżanka ), 139 ( Karolówka ) |
Stanin Fg., Hanunin Fg., Mirów Fg., Romanówka Fg., Heinrichsdorf Fg., Zboiska Fg., Sapieżanka Fg., Karolówka Fg. |
|
Kołomyja (Kolomea) - Baginsberg | HB | Helvetic | 970 + 330 ( Augustdorf ), 342 ( Siedliska-Bredtheim ), 92 ( Konstantynówka ), 202 ( Mikulsdorf ), 53 ( Mogiła ), 113 ( Nowa Wieś ), 195 ( Sitanerówka ), 94 (Sewerynówka), 128 (Sławce) |
Augustdorf Fg., Siedliska-Bredtheim Fg., Konstantynówka Fg., Mikulsdorf (Mikulczyn) Fg., Mogiła Fg., Nowa Wieś (Neudorf) Fg., Sitanerówka Fg., Sewerynówka Fg., Sławce Fg. |
||
Korośnica (Josefsberg) | 1783 | HB | Helvetic | 1034 + 178 ( Ugartsberg ), 178 ( Krynica ), 94 ( Letnia ), 73 ( Horucko ) |
Ugartsberg Fg., Krynica Fg., Letnia Fg., Horucko L. |
|
Koenigsberg | 1783/1801 | HB | Helvetic | 149 | Leżajsk L. | |
Kraków (Krakow) | 1816 | FROM | Western | 300 | ||
Lwów (Lviv) | 1775 | FROM | Middle | 3670 + 225 ( Schönthal ), 114 ( Bronisławówka ), 188 ( Theodorshof ), 94 ( Kazimierówka ), 157 ( cold water ), 220 (Weinlengen), 65 ( Unterbergen ) |
Brody L., Tołszczów L., Schönthal Fg., Bronisławówka Fg., Theodorshof Fg., Kazimierówka Fg., Kaltwasser Fg., Weinlengen Fg., Unterbergen Fg. |
|
Nowy Gawłów (New Gawlow) | 1785/1790 | FROM | Western | 254 (Nowy Gawłów + Majkowice ) | ||
Nowy Sącz (New Sandez) | 1802 (previously to Stadło ) | FROM | Western | 1042 |
Zakopane L., Glinik L., Krosno L. |
|
Raniżów (Ranischau) | 1782 | FROM | Western | 79 + 41 ( Steinau ) | Steinau Fg. | |
Rychnowa (Reichau) | 1787 | FROM | Middle | 166 + 341 ( Einsingen ), 84 ( Smolin Niemiecki ), 94 ( Rawa Ruska ) |
Einsingen Fg., Smolin Niemiecki Fg., Rawa Ruska L. |
|
Stadło (Stadlau) | 1786 | FROM | Western | 312 + 200 ( Gołkowice Niemieckie ) | Gołkowice Niemieckie Fg. | |
Stanisławów (Stanisław) | 1890 | FROM | Eastern | 1890 + 278 ( Horocholina ), 152 ( Sołotwina ), 80 ( Nadworna ), 120 ( Bohorodczany Stare ), 35 ( Niewoczyn ), 25 ( Krechowce ), 35 ( Mykietyńce ), 85 (Kamienna), 100 ( Pałahicze ) |
Horocholina Fg., Sołotwina Fg., Nadworna Fg., Bohorodczany Stare Fg., Niewoczyn Fg., Krechowce Fg., Mykietyńce Fg., Kamienna Fg., Pałahicze Fg. |
|
Stryi (Stryi) | FROM | Eastern | 1662 + 289 ( Grabowiec Stryjski ), 100 (Uhersko), 197 ( Duliby ), 59 ( Zawadów ) |
Grabowiec Stryjski Fg., Uhersko Fg., Duliby Fg., Zawadów Fg. |
||
Unterwalden | 1884 (previously in Lemberg) | FROM | Eastern | 336 |
Uszkowice L., Heinrichshof L., Dobrzanica Fg. |
|
Ugartsthal | 1784 | FROM | Middle | 437 + 604 ( Dolina – Broczków ), 189 (Debelówka), 300 ( Diamantheim ), 206 ( Engelsberg ), 214 ( Landestreu ), 111 ( Wygoda ), 94 ( Broszniów ) |
Dolina – Broczków Fg., Debelówka Fg., Engelsberg Fg., Landestreu Fg., Wygoda Fg., Broszniów L. |
|
Zaleszczyki | 1759 | FROM | Eastern | 68 + 94 ( Połowce ), 59 ( Konopkówka ), 40 ( Tarnopol ), 36 ( Wierzchowce ), 80 ( Peramiłów ) |
Połowce Fg., Konopkówka Fg., Tarnopol L., Wierzchowce L., Peramiłów L. |
literature
- Alfred Kleindienst, Oskar Wagner: Protestantism in the Republic of Poland 1918/19 to 1939 in the field of tension between nationality politics and state church law. JG Herder Institute, Marburg 1985.
- Stefan Grelewski: Wyznania protestanckie i sekty religijne w Polsce współczesnej . Lublin 1937, p. 259-281 (Polish, online ).
Web links
- Małgorzata Kośka, Dorota Lewandowska: Księgi metrykalne gmin ewangelicko-augsburskiego i helweckiego wyznania 1764–1939. Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie, accessed on January 22, 2017 (Polish).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Małgorzata Kośka, Dorota Lewandowska: Księgi metrykalne gmin ewangelicko-augsburskiego i helweckiego wyznania 1764-1939. Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie, accessed on January 22, 2017 (Polish).
- ↑ Małgorzata Kośka: Akta Gmin Kościoła Ewangelickiego Augsburskiego i Helweckiego Wyznania 1786-1939. On: Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie (AGAD, Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw) , accessed on April 2, 2012
- ↑ S. Gralewski, 1937, p. 275
- ^ Eduard Kneifel: History of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland. Self-published, Niedermarschacht 1964, p. 17.
- ↑ Grelewski, 1937, p. 281
- ↑ Stefan Grelewski: wyznania protestanckie i sekty religijne w Polsce współczesnej . Lublin 1937, p. 276-281 (Polish, online ).