Gérard Mourou

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Gérard Mourou (2015)

Gérard Albert Mourou (born June 22, 1944 in Albertville ) is a French physicist who deals with laser physics and nonlinear optics . In 2018 Mourou received the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Arthur Ashkin and Donna Strickland for "groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics".

biography

Mourou studied physics at the University of Grenoble , where he graduated with an intermediate diploma. In 1970 he moved to the University of Pierre and Marie Curie , where he received his doctorate in 1973. He was a post-graduate student at San Diego State University in California. From 1979 to 1988 he worked at the Laboratory for Laser Energy at the New York University of Rochester , where he was both group leader of picosecond physics and professor. From 1988 he was a professor at the University of Michigan , where he was founding director of the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science in 1990 . In 1995 he was appointed AD Moore Distinguished University Professor Emeritus there. He is Director of the Laboratory for Applied Optics (Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, LOA) of the École polytechnique , ParisTech and the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Palaiseau and Director of the International Center for Zetta-Exawatt Science and Technology (IZEST ) at the École Polytechnique.

He works with ultrashort laser pulses and, together with Donna Strickland (his doctoral student), is one of the inventors of CPA ( Chirped Pulse Amplification ) for generating very short, high-intensity laser pulses that reach into the petawatt range.

With Toshiki Tajima and Sergei Wladimirowitsch Bulanow he is pursuing ideas on ultra-relativistic optics and particle acceleration with laser plasmas. He also dealt with lasers for eye surgery.

In 1994 he was visiting professor at the Universities of Tokyo and Grenoble.

Awards and memberships

He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering . He is also an honorary doctor of the Laval University , where he worked temporarily while writing his dissertation, and the Romanian Polytechnic University in Bucharest (2014).

Fonts (selection)

Except for the articles cited in the references.

  • with HE Elsayed-Ali, TB Norris, MA Pessot: Time-resolved observation of electron-phonon relaxation in copper, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, 1987, p. 1212
  • with P. Maine, Donna Strickland , P. Bado, M. Pessot: Generation of ultrahigh peak power pulses by chirped pulse amplification, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume 24, 1988, pp 398-403
  • with D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, J. Squier: Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150 fs, Applied Physics Letters, volume 64, 1994, pp. 3071-3073
  • with MD Perry: Terawatt to petawatt subpicosecond lasers, Science, Volume 264, 1994, pp. 917-924
  • with A. Braun, G. Korn, X. Liu, D. Du, J. Squier: Self-channeling of high-peak-power femtosecond laser pulses in air, Optics Letters, Volume 20, 1995, pp. 73-75
  • with D. Umstadter, S. y. Chen, A. Maksimchuk, R. Wagner: Nonlinear optics in relativistic plasmas and laser wake field acceleration of electrons, Science, Volume 273, 1996, pp. 472-475
  • with X. Liu, D. Du: Laser ablation and micromachining with ultrashort laser pulses, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume 33, 1997, pp 1706-1716
  • with CP Barty, Michael Perry: Ultrahigh-intensity laser: physics of the extreme on a tabletop, Lawrence Livermore Lab 1997
  • with M. Lenzner, J. Krüger, S. Santania, Z. Cheng, C. Spielmann, Wolfgang Kautek, Ferenc Krausz : Femtosecond optical breakdown in dielectrics, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 80, 1998, p. 4076
  • with AC Tien, S. Backus, Henry Kapteyn , Margaret Murnane : Short-pulse laser damage in transparent materials as a function of pulse duration, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 82, 1999, p. 3883
  • with Tibor Juhasz, Frieder H. Loesel, Ron M. Kurtz, Christopher Horvath, Josef F. Bille,: Corneal refractive surgery with femtosecond lasers, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Volume 5, 1999, pp. 902-910
  • with T. Esirkepov, M. Borghesi, SV Bulanov, T. Tajima: Highly efficient relativistic-ion generation in the laser-piston regime, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 92, 2004, p. 175003
  • with T. Tajima, SV Bulanov: Optics in the relativistic regime, Reviews of Modern Physics, Volume 78, 2006, p. 309
  • with V. Yanovsky u. a .: Ultra-high intensity-300-TW laser at 0.1 Hz repetition rate, Optics Express, Volume 16, 2008, pp. 2109-2114

Web links

Commons : Gérard Mourou  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Date of birth according to IEEE Membership Directory 2001
  2. ↑ Press release from the Royal Science Academy in Stockholm on the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics
  3. ↑ Career data based on American Men and Women of Science , Thomson Gale 2004
  4. ↑ Described as a Bachelor's degree in the English entry in American Men and Women of Science
  5. ^ Mourou, Strickland Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses , Optics Communications 56, 1985, 219
  6. ↑ Michael Perry, G. Mourou Terawatt to Petawatt Subpicosecond Lasers , Science, Volume 264, 1994, p. 917
  7. ↑ Nobel laureate in physics Gérard Mourou receives an honorary doctorate from HHU. Retrieved June 14, 2019 .
  8. ^ Nobel laureate Stefan Hell, honorary doctor of the Timisoara Western University. Retrieved August 5, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Mourou, Gerard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mourou, Gérard Albert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1944
PLACE OF BIRTH Albertville