Gamm (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family coat of arms of those of Gamm

Gamm , historically also de Faema , Gamme or Gammen , in Denmark also Gam , is the name of a Mecklenburg noble family . Branches of the family currently persist.

history

The native of Mecklenburg sex begins its regular series with the Wendish noble Gampa dapifer , which as at June 24, 1218 Heinricus de Gamma (son of Jaromir de Gamme ) dapifer curiae ( Hoftruchsess ) of Heinrich Borwin II. , A document appears first and later as castellanus de Guztrowe and nobilis slavicus . The form of the name changed between gamma, gamme, gambe, gamba (old Slavic gaba = trough ) and gamm . The sex is of one tribe with the extinct pit (also castellani de Guztrowe ) and the extinct Swartepape .

The von Gamms are the only Wendish masters in Mecklenburg that still flourish today together with the Princely House and are among the oldest noble families in Mecklenburg. The progenitor mentioned above played a significant role in the country's first establishment, and yet almost nothing is known about the oldest family residences. He first appears in a document from 1218–1226 at the court of Prince Borwin I of Mecklenburg and his sons as a follower and then from 1226–1231 as a member of the guardianship for the sons of Prince Heinrich Borwin II, who died prematurely, as court trustee or, according to more recent terms, as court marshal ( dapifer or dapifer curiae). After the first division of the country , he appeared in 1232–1240 as the oldest and first councilor at the court of Nicolaus I von Werle zu Güstrow , finally again as court trustee. In contrast to most of the Wendish greats, he did not oppose the inexorable knightly Germanization of Mecklenburg, but believed that he could better serve his tribesmen by classifying himself as a tribal member of the German knighthood in the colonial area and, in 1226, in Borwin's court, which was redesigned according to the German model I. took over the important office of the court dinner. From 1227 to 1229 he was a leading member of the Guardianship Council for Borwin's grandsons. In all likelihood he owned estates and castle fiefs near the town of Güstrow .

Since the 14th century the Gamm have been appearing with permanent property ownership on Alt Schwerin am Plauer See and Göhren-Lebbin am Fleesensee , both near Malchow , after which the two old main lines of the family were named.

In 1352 Johannes Gamme sealed the seal . The family owned the village of Glin , which sank early and whose field mark began in the immediate vicinity of the town of Güstrow and stretched along the Nebel to Lake Parumer . In 1375 the princes of Werle sold the village to the city of Güstrow after they had bought it from Heinrich Gamm , and the city made it a city field mark; The field of the Bülower Burg is probably wholly or partly a part of the former village of Glin, whose foggy meadows are famous in the country for their fatness. In the 13th century two other field marks, those of the villages of Glewin and Tebbezin, reached the gates of the city of Güstrow; these were also owned by knightly families, for example that of Geez auf Karcheez (Kark = Kirch-Geez).

The village of Glin was likely a farming village. The old knight residence of the Gamm family was the Bülow estate near Güstrow, which bordered on the west of the Feldmark of the village of Glin. In 1373 the citizens of the city Güstrow had the Veste Bulow broken and Bernd Gamm captured; For his liberation, he and his son Bernd had to swear a primal feud on September 11, 1373 .

Around this time, the Bülow manor gradually disappeared from the possession of a previously unknown and early extinct line of the Gamm family . According to unprinted documents, this happened as follows. On December 21, 1371, the wife of Henneke von der Böken , named Slaweke , a sister of Bernd Gamm on Bülow, pledged her brother Bernd and his wife Anneke , who was probably born by von Bülow , all of their properties in the village of Bülow, namely 3½ Bauernhufen, 1/2 Kathenland and 12 acres Herrenland, with the mad lease of nine years. On September 11, 1373, Bernd Gamm and his son Bernd swore the city of Güstrow Urfehde after the breach of his castle Bülow; The three relatives vouched for them: Danquard Axecow , Thydeke von Bulow on Gülzow and Heinrich Gamm on Schwerin . Since that time, the division and sale of Feldmark Bülow began. On February 2, 1402, Danquard Gamm , with the consent of his brother-in-law Hermann Steinbek , sold his properties in Bülow, including the property of 12 acres of Herrenland, as he had owned these properties on account of his father and mother, to Henning Barold ; Danquard Gamm was probably a son of Bernd Gamm the Younger and his mother was born from Bülow . On November 18, 1403, Hermann Steinbek and his wife Adelheid sold half a hoof and several leases and lifts from the village of Bülow to Henning Barold .

The married Adelheid Steinbek was a sister of Danquard Gamm , as it is expressly stated in a document from 1422, but where she is mistakenly called Anneke and confused with her mother. On October 16, 1422 Heinrich Barold , "Citizen of Güstrow", sold the Herrenland and a Kathenland in and near the village of Bülow to the brothers Claus von Restorff auf Bolz and Johann , Canon of Güstrow, 2½ Hufen, like his ancestors (olderen ) inherited this property and had she and Danquard Gamm and his sister, Steinbek's wife.

The Gottfried von Gamm family can be traced back to Denmark in 1444 and the family persisted there until at least the 18th century. Christoph Otto von Gamm (* 1721; † 1796) received the Danish indigenous community on July 10, 1776 .

Christoph Otto von Gamm (born 1721 - x 1796) - detail

Since then, the property of the village has become very changeable and dark. On March 2nd, Duke Heinrich dj pledged all of his rights to the village "Bülow, prove near Güstrow", namely Bede , Hundekorn , Burgdienst and the highest court, to his councilor Claus von Oldenburg on Gremmelin . With Danquard Gamm the line of Gamm on Bülow seems to have expired, at least they are never mentioned again; rather, the Gamm on Alt-Schwerin and Göhren appear at the beginning of the 16th century as feudal successors with rights to Bülow. In 1513 these two lines of the family got into a dispute before the court over the unilateral pledging of several leases from Bülow. The uplifts which the Gamm obtained from the village of Bülow in the sixteenth century were not significant; the possession of the village was almost entirely acquired by the sovereigns. On January 20, 1594, the Gamm, namely Moritz d. the other half to Alt-Schwerin, the three brothers Christoph , Dethlof and Otto to Alt-Schwerin to the quarter and the two brothers Joachim and Johann and Moritz dj to Göhren to the quarter, all justice, lease and all other splendors, like their ancestors they had so far in the village of Bülow, the amount of 31 guilders 4 ßl. Lease for 500 guilders to Joachim von Bülow on Karcheez.

Since Duke Ulrich did not want to give his consent to this sale, because he already had all other rights to the Güstrow Castle in the village of Bülow , Joachim von Bülow felt compelled to assign the purchase contract concluded with Gamm to the Duke in return for reimbursement of the purchase money.

The sex divided as early as 1300 s. o. in three main lines, of which the main line Byliewe (Slavic = white castle) with Dankwart , son of Berndts d. J. at Byliewe Castle (today Bülower Burg, near Güstrow), extinguished around 1400. Other tribes were Alt-Schwerin and Göhren-Gammenwerder. The Tribe Alt-Schwerin and Gammenwerder revived through the marriage of Christoph V. von Gamm adH Göhren with the heir daughter Ilsabe of the Tribe Alt Schwerin in 1587 and founded branches with considerable property in Denmark , Silesia and Russia in the next generation but one . At the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , the heads of both lineages were represented in the suite of the Mecklenburg dukes.

From 1614 to 1626 Catharina von Gammen was sub-priority in the Dobbertin monastery and in 1670 the virgin Eva Gottlieb von Gamm was accepted as a nun. Her father, Lieutenant Colonel von Gamm, paid 100 guilders. In the registered book of the noble women's monastery in Dobbertin monastery there are four more entries by daughters of the von Gamm ad H. Göhren and Kaeselow families from 1774 to 1826.

An epitaph from sandstone for Carolina Gustava of Gamm , born of Köppern (* 1705, † 1719) is located in the Church Rossin . She married in 1718 and died at the age of 14 after giving birth to twins. Above are the coats of arms of the von Köppern and von Gammen families . According to the inscription in the lower area, Clara Agnese vom Gamm had the epitaph made for her daughter.

The old Schwerin and Göhrener houses provided well-known high officers and diplomats, preferably from the Danish and Swedish crowns , including the Danish cavalry general Otto Friedrich von Gamm († 1698) of the Danish branch of Sandholt-Sobysogaard Castle and the Danish, then Mecklenburg minister Baron Christoph Otto von Gamm adH Göhren-Gammenwerder († 1796), whose genealogical-historical work became of regional historical importance. Both were knights of the Danebrog Order .

The total family received on May 27, 1858 kuk to the approval Freiherr title each will prevail to be allowed.

A sex association has existed since June 24, 1918, the 700th anniversary of the first documentary mention.

Historical property

In Mecklenburg the von Gamm have pledged the goods Carow bei Güstrow (1706–1748 as a pledge, 1761–1825 hereditary) Friedrichsdorf bei Stargard (1832–1846), Glin bei Güstrow (until 1375), Göhren-Lebbin (1590–1794, since 1750) ), Jettchenshof (1843–1856) and Alt Schwerin (1590 to the end of the 17th century).

In Denmark, the von Gamm first lived on Ærø in Ærøskøbing , Otto Frederik von Gamm and Christoffer Ottesen von Gamm owned the store Grundet farm 2 km north of Vejle one after the other from 1679 to 1701 . Søbysøgaard was (1722–1730) owned by Paul Otto Gamm .

In Silesia there was real estate in the districts of Grünberg and Freystadt until the middle of the 19th century .

coat of arms

  • Coat of arms seal of the same knight Heinrich Grube (1218)

  • Coat of arms as it was used from the 17th century to 1918

The original coat of arms shows three red stars arranged diagonally in silver . On the helmet with red-silver covers, a red star with peacock mirrors on the tips , originally attached to it in the lengthwise diameter of the helmet.

Later the coat of arms was often (incorrectly) shown in the basic colors red-blue or blue-gold. The two blue standards on the helmet are not, as in a few cases - e.g. B. von Meding - presumed to have been added as early as the 15th, but not earlier than the 16th, if not the 17th century. Latomus did not yet know such.

The star of the crest - the knight Johann Gamm was only sealed with this image in 1352, with eight rays and three peacock feathers at each tip - was occasionally replaced in the 17th century by six peacock feathers joined together in a star shape, and in 1677 even by a peacock plume in a seal.

Relatives

Older trunk line

  • Heinrich von Gamm; † 1235, lord of Byliewe Castle, nobilis slavicus, castellanus de Guztrowe (= Güstrow) June 24, 1218 dapifer curiae (court clerk) with Heinrich Borwin I of Mecklenburg 1226, 1232 first councilor of Nikolaus I of Werle-Güstrow
  • Heinrich II., 1244/48 at Byliewe Castle, court vestry with Heinrich Borwin II. Of Rostock
  • Conrad, * 1285/86, knight and first councilor of Nikolaus II von Werle-Güstrow
  • Gotmar; † Wangelin 1335, co-commander of Lipen Castle, Wangelin, Goldewin and Glin, squire in Werle
  • Johann, * 1346/47, Herr auf Göhren with Laschendorf and Lebbin, studied at the University of Erfurt 1392/94 (sealed with an octagonal star, the tips of which are each decorated with a peacock feather), ⚭ Anna von Flotow
  • Christoph, * 1360, gentleman on Göhren etc. and shares from Alt-Schwerin ⚭ NN von Wagel
  • Otto, * 1420, Herr auf Göhren etc. and shares from Alt-Schwerin ⚭ with Anna von Lützow adH Goldenbow
  • Christoph, * 1480; † 1510, Herr auf Göhren etc. and shares of Alt-Schwerin; ⚭ with Sophie von Mortin ad H. Burg Ludorff and Kelle
  • Ulrich, Herr auf Göhren etc. and part of Alt-Schwerin ⚭ with Anna von Hagenow adH Dargelütz
  • Carsten, * 1459, Herr auf Göhren etc. and shares from Alt-Schwerin, participates in the Diet of Augsburg in 1530; ⚭ with Elisabeth von Preen adH Dummerstorff

literature

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. No. 242 Directory of virgins from 1600.

Web links

Commons : Gamm family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume IV, Adelslexikon, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg (Lahn) 1978, p. 29
  2. ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster Dobbertin Directory of virgins from 1600 . No. 242.
  3. ^ F. von Meyenn: An account book of the Dobbertin monastery , p. 208.
  4. ↑ a b Friedrich Crull : The coats of arms of the races of the team that existed in today's Meklenburg borders until 1360 , p. 52
  5. ^ A b Christian Friedrich August von Meding : Nachrichten von adelichen Wapen , Volume 1, Hamburg 1786, pp. 168–171, no. 525
  6. ^ J. Siebmacher's great and general book of arms , III. Volume, 6th Division; The flourishing nobility of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg; Author: OT von Hefner ; Publication: Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe, 1858
  7. ^ Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft (Ed.): Yearbook of the German Adels , Volume 1, 1896, published by WT Bruer, p. 101
  8. ↑ Brief CV