Heyden (Pomeranian noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those von Heyden

The Lords of Heyden and their branch line of Heyden-Linden are a Pomeranian noble family . The family owned estates in Western Pomerania , Mecklenburg and in the Uckermark until 1945 .

history

Heyden

The Heyden probably immigrated from the Münsterland via Mecklenburg to Pomerania in the first half of the 13th century . For the first time the family appears in a document in 1226 with Tiedericus Paganus and the family line begins with Konrad Heyden (1233–1289). In 1278, a Heinricus Heyden entered a document from Duke Barnim III. as a witness. In the period that followed, the name Heyden and its Latinized form Paganus often appeared in Pomeranian documents.

Probably in the 13th century, at the latest in the 14th century, the family with the ancestral seat Kartlow and the villages Toitin , Below and Kadow was enfeoffed as a whole . Different lines developed that inherited from each other.

After the Thirty Years War , the family estates came under Swedish sovereignty, from 1720 they belonged to Prussia. In the 18th and especially in the 19th century, the family was able to increase their land holdings significantly.

Wichard Wilhelm von Heyden (1782–1836), heir to Kartlow, acquired the Leistenow (1756–1945), Buschmühl, Plötz , Bredenfelde and 1831 Groß Below estates . He had five sons.

Kartlow Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

The eldest, Woldemar von Heyden (1809–1871), General Councilor of Pomerania, married a wealthy Warsaw entrepreneur's daughter in 1837 and quadrupled the ownership of Kartlow through acquisitions between 1840 and 1860. In 1840 he bought the Müssentin , Kronsberg and Klein Toitin estates . In 1846 he acquired the Heyden family estate Groß Toitin from Helmuth von Heyden-Linden. In 1855 he bought the Maltzahn Gutskomplex Schmarsow and in 1860 the Sarow estate . In 1861 the property covered an area of ​​4500 hectares, on which 1446 people lived. In addition, the goods Alexanderhof and Wittenhof near Prenzlau were added in 1854 and Damitzow with Keesow in 1863. He had the desire to organize his property in the manner of an English county. Between 1853 and 1859 the new mansion in Kartlow was built in Tudor style according to plans by Schinkel's student Friedrich Hitzig . Woldemar also invested in milling operations and founded a bank. A Fideikommiss was set up in Kartlow in 1864 according to the minor council principle , so the youngest son inherited the property. Associated with this was the title of "Count of Cartlow" for the head of the entails since 1870. The eldest son was resigned from the Alexanderhof estate.

The second son of Wichard Wilhelm, Hermann von Heyden (1810-1851), member of the Prussian House of Representatives and District Administrator of the Demmin district, received the goods Leistenow with Gatschow and Cadow (today Kadow). In Leistenow he had a new manor house built and a landscape park designed by Peter Joseph Lenné . In 1850 he bought the neighboring estates of Buschmühl and Flemmendorf from his brother Karl . His son Ernst von Heyden (1837-1917) was landscape director of Western Pomerania, the son Wilhelm von Heyden (1839-1920) became the Prussian Minister of State for Agriculture.

Bredenfelde Castle

Wichard Wilhelm's third son, Ernst von Heyden (1817-1859), had Bredenfelde Castle built from 1852 to 1854 according to plans by Friedrich Hitzig . Like the parks in Kartlow and Leistenow, the plan of the landscape park , which was drawn up in 1840, was also designed by Peter Joseph Lenné .

The youngest son, Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Wichard von Heyden (1823–1882) inherited Plötz and had the manor house built in Tudor style in 1866.

Several members of the family held the office of district administrator in the Demmin district and were members of various Prussian parliaments.

In northern Western Pomerania, Ernst von Heyden was a squire on Breechen in the Greifswald district. There he was also a member of the estates district assembly, his coat of arms hung with those of the 24 landlords and the 3 cities in the coat of arms frieze of the district house . In 1927, however, he went bankrupt and the estate was relocated.

In the registration book of the Dobbertin monastery there are three entries by daughters of the von Heyden family from Bredenfelde from 1855–1890 for inclusion in the aristocratic women's monastery . The grave crosses of the conventuals Alexandra (No. 1386) and Charlotte (No. 1387) von Heyden are still in the Dobbertin monastery cemetery . At the request of Frau Domina Auguste von Pressentin , Ernst Werner von Heyden (436) was also buried next to his sister in the monastery cemetery in 1932; his grave cross is still preserved.

After the Second World War , all of the von Heyden and Heyden-Linden properties in the Soviet Zone were expropriated as part of the land reform . Most of the family members moved to West Germany .

Heyden-Linden

Manor Tützpatz
Wolde Manor (around 1860), demolished in 1945

The Heyden-Linden line comes from Georg Christian Friedrich von Heyden , who inherited the fortune of the von Linden family, who died out in 1785 , and at the age of 13 received permission from King Friedrich II to combine his name and coat of arms with that of von Linden. The headquarters of Heyden-Linden were in Tützpatz , and other houses were founded in Lindenhof and Gehmkow. On October 15, 1840, this line was given the hereditary dignity of an hereditary cupbearer from Old Western Pomerania by the Prussian crown. In 1865, the Tützpatzer Zweig also acquired Gut Wolde with the ruins of the old Wolde Castle and the Wolde manor house built by Bogislav Helmut von Maltzahn in 1797, which was demolished in 1945.

A Catholic line of the family, based in Marienloh near Paderborn , descends from Bogislav von Heyden-Linden , who married Countess Elisabeth von Westphalen zu Fürstenberg in 1892 .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of those von Heyden in the district building in Greifswald

The family coat of arms shows a four times tinned black bar (piece of wall) in silver. On the helmet grows a red-clad maiden with flying hair, a silver collar and tucked-up sleeves. Adorned on her head with three silver ostrich feathers on a black and silver bead, she wears three green haiden or oak leaves in each hand.

The Heyden-Linden line combines the coats of arms of the von Heyden and von Linden families in one shield.

Well-known namesake

Hereditary funeral of the Heyden family in Plötz

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The question arises of a family relationship with the Westphalian noble family Heiden or Hompesch- Heyden, resident on Bruch , Kliff , Rhade , Schönrath , Hovestadt , Krudenburg , Schwarzenstein etc.
  2. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold : Documented history together with documents of the noble gentlemen von Heyden. Greifswald 1857, page 35
  3. ^ Statute of the von Heyden-Cartlow family Fideikommiß. Stettin 1869 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b Harald von Heyden: Constantly changing. Reports from six generations of the von Heyden family, pp. 276–278.
  5. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Nels, Volume AA XIII, Page 228, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg, 1975

literature

Web links

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