Lürwald

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The Lürwald (Luerwald, Lüerwald) was a large historical forest area in the County of Arnsberg and the Duchy of Westphalia in the Sauerland . The use of the term has narrowed to a forest area in the northern edge zone of the Sauerland between Neheim and Menden (Sauerland) . Most of these are the 1618 hectares of the Luerwald nature reserve (Arnsberg) and the 563 hectares of the Luerwald and Bieberbach (Menden) nature reserves . Most of the area is also part of the 2633 hectare FFH area and the 2637 hectare bird sanctuary in Luerwald and Bieberbach .

Path in the Vosswinkel wild forest belonging to the Lürwald

Historic forest

In the Middle Ages, the forest was owned by the Counts of Arnsberg. It was therefore later called the Arnsberg Forest. This was larger than today's Arnsberg Forest and ran through a large part of the County of Arnsberg. Like today's Arnsberg Forest, it was not only located on Möhne and north of the Ruhr , but - like today's Lürwald - also south of the Ruhr.

It was divided into five Ruhr brands ( Wennemer , Dinscheder , Uentroper , Niedereimer and Hüstener Mark), five Röhr brands ( Seidfelder , Linneper , Hachener , Müscheder , Herdringer Mark), five Möhn brands ( Allager , Syringer (=  Severinghausen ), Körbecker , Delecker and Günner -Mark) and four Wennemarken (Olper, Berger, Waldener and Hellefelder Mark). They are named after the rivers Ruhr, Röhr , Möhne and Wenne , which ran through or touched the historic forest.

The Lürwald belonged to the early possessions of the Counts of Arnsberg-Werl. It was an imperial fiefdom . The older view that there was originally an administration organized by the Reich has refuted more recent research. Earlier enfeoffments except one in favor of Count Wilhelm around 1300 have not been preserved. Ludwig the Bavarian enfeoffed Gottfried IV in 1338. The document says "silvam suam quae dicitur Lurewaldt"

The counts and the later sovereigns were not the only lords of the forest, but only owned separate parts - but (Sundern). In addition, they owned the wild forest, forest sovereignty and the related rights. The brands belonged to the sovereigns together with the brand heirs. Some farm owners acted as trademark judges.

With the deed of sale from 1368, in which Gottfried sold his county to the Archbishopric of Cologne , the Lürwald / Arnsberger Wald also fell to Cologne. The term Arnsberg Forest was first used in this document. At that time it was already smaller than the original Lürwald. Already Liupold of Werl had issued in 1102 on his part Lürwald to the Cologne archbishops.

The property became the basis of the electoral wild ban. The Osterwald bordering in the east between Rüthen and Brilon belonged to the archbishops probably since the 11th century. However, a large part of the sovereign rights there later passed to the neighboring cities. A knight dynasty named themselves after the forest Lürwald .

natural reserve

The forest, known today as the Lürwald, only describes a small part of the former forest and no longer has any direct connection with the area now known as the Arnsberg Forest. A large part of the forest has been under nature protection since 1997 (NSG Luerwald HSK-150 in Arnsberg). The Luerwald and Bieberbach nature reserve in Menden followed later, and the Luerwald and surrounding areas were designated as a FFH area, DE-4513-301, and as an EU bird sanctuary " Lürwald and Bieberbach " (DE-4513-401) within the scope of EU Natura 2000 -Areas designated.

The Lürwald lies between Lendringsen in the west and Neheim and Hüsten with Voßwinkel in the east. In the south he approached the valley of the Hönne . The average altitude is 200 to 300 m above sea level. Most of today's nature reserves are free of settlements and are hardly intersected by roads. The forest is crossed by numerous rivers such as the Bieberbach in the form of forest streams. There are sometimes narrow brook alder ( ash ) forests along the streams . Beech and oak mixed forests are predominant in the central Lürwald . Other tree species can also be found in other parts.

Entrance and catering area of ​​the Wildwald Voßwinkel on the northern edge of the Lürwald

The Lürwald accounts for around 625 hectares of the Arnsberg city forest. The Vosswinkel wild forest is also located in the Lürwald.

Lürwald is also the name of a natural spatial unit that the geographer Wilhelm Müller-Wille delimited from other areas according to geomorphological features . The natural spatial unit Lürwald is surrounded by the Arnsberger, Fröndenberger and Schwerter Ruhrtal, the Menden hill country, the Balver Platte and the Hachen mountain country.

fauna and Flora

The fauna includes black stork , common raven , woodcock , red kite and middle woodpecker . The middle woodpecker has one of its largest occurrences in North Rhine-Westphalia in the Luerwald.

Planning for the construction of the A 46 through the area

Originally, plans for the further construction of the A 46 also provided for cutting through the Lürwald. An FFH impact assessment with regard to the habitat of black storks and other species relevant to planning, in particular FFH Annex IV species, made it necessary to plan a different route. Critics also see the Lürwald threatened in the more recent plans, although later planning variants lead around the forest.

See also

literature

  • Johann Suibert Seibertz : The brands of the Arnsberg Forest . In: Ders .: Sources of Westphalian History. Volume 1, Arnsberg 1857, pp. 96-133.
  • Bernward Selter: Agriculture, forest use and forestry In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Volume 1: The Electorate of Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Aschendorff, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 , pp. 783f.
  • Ralf Günther: The Arnsberg Forest in the Middle Ages. Forest history as constitutional history . Munster 1994.
  • Reiner Feldmann : The Lüerwald . 21. Contribution to regional studies of the Hönnetal. Menden 1999, ISSN  0176-1986 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book for the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia. Volume 2. Arnsberg 1843, p. 302, no. 666.
  2. ^ Luerwald and Bieberbach. on: naturschutzinformationen-nrw.de
  3. ^ VSG Luerwald and Bieberbach. on: naturschutzinformationen-nrw.de
  4. ^ City of Arnsberg - forestry
  5. ^ Map based on Müller-Will, 1966 In: Günther Becker: The South Westphalia region from a historical and geographical point of view. Sauerland March 2013, p. 20.
  6. ^ "Lürwald" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 24, 2017.
  7. ↑ Michael Jöbges, Heinz König: Urwaldspecht in the oak forest. Breeding population, distribution and habitat use of the middle woodpecker in North Rhine-Westphalia . In: LÖBF-Mitteilungen. 2001/2, pp. 12-27.
  8. ↑ IHK Südostliches Westfalen: What will take a long time ..... - will it finally be good? The history of the A 46 in almost 50 years.
  9. ^ BUND: Autobahn A 46 Hemer-Neheim one of the twelve dumbest road construction projects in Germany.

Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ′ 25.1 ″  N , 7 ° 54 ′ 48.9 ″  E