World speed records for rail vehicles

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Siemens ES64U4 1216 050, the fastest locomotive in the world (357 km / h, 2006)
OMEG "Kronprinz", with 137 km / h since 1914 the fastest 60 cm track vehicle.

The list of world speed records for rail vehicles includes the fastest rail-bound vehicles .

Definition problem

The determination of the fastest rail vehicle in the world or the recognition of a speed “record value” varies according to the criteria that are applied. On the one hand, in addition to the established classic wheel-rail system, there are also other track-based means of transport such as the magnetic rail system or hovercraft technology, as well as purely experimental high-speed tests, for example with unmanned vehicles and / or on pure test facilities. Different drive forms or types of trains within a system lead in individual cases to performance values ​​that are specifically only recognized or valid for the respective system variant.

To date, there is neither a standardized procedure nor regulations that define these parameters in order to determine world records - unlike, for example, for automobiles by the FIA or for aircraft by the FAI , the UIC or other comparable organizations have not issued any regulations in this direction. In the case of the world records listed here, the train lengths, the train weight, the inclination of the route or the length of the measuring route vary, among other things. Likewise, the applied measurement methods and the measurement instruments used differ in some cases considerably. In addition, there is no officially certified or incomplete documentation for a number of the speed records of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century .

Wheel-rail system

A speed record was the first truly efficient use locomotive , the Rocket of George Stephenson set h, km in 1830 to 48 /. In 1890 a French Crampton reached 144 km / h.

The 200-km / h mark was for the first time in October 1903 by two three-phase trial railcars Research Association for Electrical high-speed trains on the military railway Marienfelde-Zossen exceeded. On October 6, 1903, the three-phase motor car from Siemens & Halske drove a speed of 206 km / h. A few days later, on October 28, 1903, the AEG three-phase motor car even reached 210.2 km / h.

This world record lasted for 28 years. It was not until June 21, 1931 that the rail zeppelin designed by Franz Kruckenberg reached a top speed of 230.2 km / h.

Steam locomotives also traveled faster than 200 km / h : On May 11, 1936, the express locomotive 05 002 reached 200.4 km / h on the Berlin-Hamburg railway , a record that was only two years later the British LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard was broken at 202.6 km / h.

Badge on the BB 9004 for the record run on March 29, 1955

On March 29, 1955, the French locomotive CC 7107 broke through the 300 km / h mark for the first time at 326 km / h and a day later the BB 9004 with 331 km / h; a record that lasted 26 years. The next record holder was the TGV PSE 16, which reached 380 km / h on February 26, 1981 on the Paris – Lyon route . The 400 km / h mark was first exceeded on May 1, 1988 on the high-speed line Hanover – Würzburg with 406.9 km / h with the ICE-V . On May 18, 1990, the French TGV set a new record with 515.3 km / h. Even higher speeds failed due to the resilience of the overhead line .

Current record

The current record holder V150 of the wheel-rail technology at a speed of around 574 km / h (2007)

On April 3, 2007, the unit 4402, equipped with two TGV POS power units, set a new world record. On a specially developed section of the new LGV Est européenne line (Paris – Strasbourg), the test train reached a speed of 574.79 km / h and thus exceeded the previous official world record of 515.3 km / h from 1990 near the village of Passavant-en-Argonne , at around kilometer 191 of the new line. The world record run took place in an east-west direction.

The V150 -called train (150 m / s, which corresponds to h speeds of 540 km / h) consisted of two power cars of POS series and two end and a middle car of a TGV Duplex . The Jakobs bogies of the intermediate car were equipped with the drive technology of the AGV , so that the test train developed a total of 19.6  megawatts . Compared to a standard train, three of the four pantographs had been dismantled and the car transitions modified. The contact wire voltage was increased from 25 kilovolts to 31 kilovolts. In addition, the impellers had a diameter of 1092 millimeters compared to the usual impellers with a size of 920 millimeters.

Before the specially prepared TGV set the record, it had already surpassed the 515 km / h mark of 1990 several times in test runs in spring 2007.

After the TGV record run, the competitor Siemens suspected that the train was almost ready for scrap after such a test. The test train was used in normal operation after various modifications and dismantling .

The series of tests at very high speeds was a cooperation project between the SNCF , the rail infrastructure authority RFF and the Alstom group.

history

Steam drive

Rocket, preserved in the Science Museum, London (48 km / h, 1830)
km / h Locomotive country date Remarks
008th Richard Trevithick's first steam locomotive in the world Great Britain February 21, 1804
024 Locomotion No. 1 Great Britain 1825 Stockton and Darlington Railway
048 The Rocket Great Britain 1830
100 Brother Jonathan United States 1833 first locomotive with a leading bogie
100+ Sharp & Roberts locomotive Great Britain 1835
140 Locomotive from Praga Austria-Hungary 1890
144 Crampton No. 604 France 1890
154.5 Bavarian S 2/6 Royal Bavarian State Railways July 2, 1907 claimed the world record for himself
164 GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro Great Britain May 9, 1904 claimed to be the first steam locomotive in Europe to reach over 100 mph
166.6 MILW class F6 # 6402 United States July 20, 1934 first reliably verifiable trip over 100 mph
168.5 LNER class A3 No. 2750 papyrus Great Britain March 5, 1935 first trip over 100 mph with complete documentation
174 3.1174 France 1935
181 New York Central No. 999 United States May 10, 1893 claimed, first radgetriebenes vehicle over 100  mph to be
181.1 Milwaukee Road Class A # 2 United States May 15, 1935
182.4 DR 18 201 Germany October 11, 1972 Fastest operational steam locomotive by 2018, with 164 km / h the fastest steam locomotive of the 21st century to date (May 5, 2002); since the deadline expired at the end of 2018; the title of the currently fastest operational steam locomotive in the world has been vacant since then.
200.4 DR series 05 Germany May 11, 1936 200.4 km / h clearly documented; reached after multiple test drives at speeds of around 190 km / h
201.2 LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard Great Britain July 3, 1938 According to official information, 202.6 km / h were briefly reached on a slight gradient and 201.2 km / h over half a mile , but all figures are probably a bit too high. The locomotive was damaged by an overheated drive rod bearing while attempting to set the record.

Combustion drive

The rail zeppelin powered by an aircraft engine (230 km / h, 1931)
km / h vehicle drive country date Remarks
230.2 Rail zeppelin ( railcar ) Gasoline - aircraft engine Germany June 21, 1931 Propeller-driven experimental single vehicle, absolute rail world record for 24 years
205.0 SVT 137 233-234 , multiple unit Diesel-electric Germany February 17, 1936 three-part multiple unit, type "Leipzig"
222.0 ICE TD , multiple unit Diesel mechanically Germany January 13, 2000 fastest diesel multiple unit in Germany
230.4 HST , multiple unit Diesel-electric Great Britain June 12, 1973
238 HST, multiple unit Diesel-electric Great Britain November 1, 1987 recognized world record for diesel-powered rail vehicles
256.38 Talgo XXI , multiple unit Diesel hydraulic Spain July 12, 2002 unofficial world record for diesel-powered multiple units
271 ТЭП80 , locomotive Diesel-electric Russia December 1992 unofficial world record for diesel locomotives
318 TGV 001 Gas turbine -electric France December 8, 1972 Gas turbine with generator and electric traction motors

Electric railcars

AEG three-phase test multiple unit, drove 210.2 km / h on Oct. 28, 1903
km / h vehicle society date Vehicle type Status Remarks
206 Three-phase railcars St.ES / Siemens & Halske October 1903 Railcar Marienfelde - Zossen
210.2 Three-phase motor car St.ES / AEG October 28, 1903 Railcar Marienfelde-Zossen
243 CC 7121 SNCF February 21, 1954 locomotive
326 CC 7107 SNCF March 28, 1955 locomotive modified see world record runs in March 1955
330.9 BB 9004 SNCF March 29, 1955 locomotive modified see world record runs in March 1955
357.0 Siemens ES64U4 1216 050 Siemens
(former owner, on behalf of ÖBB ) 		September 2, 2006 locomotive standard High-speed line from Nuremberg to Ingolstadt

Electric multiple units with power cars

km / h vehicle society date Vehicle type Status Remarks
380 TGV SNCF February 26, 1981 Multiple unit ( power cars ) standard LGV Sud-Est
406.9 InterCityExperimental DB May 1, 1988 Multiple unit (power cars) experimental NBS Hanover – Würzburg
see world record run in May 1988
515.3 TGV SNCF May 18, 1990 Multiple unit (power cars) modified LGV Atlantique near Vendôme
see world record runs 1989/1990

Electric multiple units with distributed drive

km / h vehicle society date Vehicle type Status Remarks
201 ETR 200 FS December 6, 1937 Multiple unit (distributed drive) experimental Railway line Rome-Formia-Naples
256 Shinkansen - Series 1000 JNR March 30, 1963 Multiple unit (distributed drive) experimental Test route (later Tōkaidō Shinkansen )
286 Shinkansen JNR February 24, 1972 Multiple unit (distributed drive) experimental San'yō Shinkansen Aioi- Himeji
319 Shinkansen JNR 7th December 1979 Multiple unit (distributed drive) experimental Test route (later Tōhoku Shinkansen )
368 ICE 3 DB 2000 Multiple unit (distributed drive) standard SFS Hanover – Berlin
403.7 Siemens Velaro ( Velaro E ) AVE July 17, 2006 Multiple unit (distributed drive) standard SFS Madrid – Barcelona
486.1 CSR CRH 380A CRH December 3, 2010 Multiple unit (distributed drive) standard SFS Beijing – Shanghai (record for series vehicles)
487.3 Siemens Velaro ( Velaro CN ) CRH380BL CRH January 9, 2011 Multiple unit (distributed drive) standard Xuzhou and Bengbu (record for production vehicles)

Electric multiple units with powered end cars and additionally distributed drive

km / h vehicle society date Vehicle type Status Remarks
574.8 V150 SNCF April 3, 2007 Multiple unit with powered bogies of the intermediate car modified LGV Est européenne The multiple unit was dismantled after the test.

Monorail systems

In addition to the classic wheel-rail system with two rails, various monorail systems have been developed that are based on magnetic levitation technology or hovercraft technology. These technologies allow significantly higher speeds due to the lower friction between the route and the vehicle.

km / h train Vehicle system country date Remarks
401.3 COMET Magnetic levitation train Germany 1975
412.6 Transrapid 06 Magnetic levitation train Germany 1988
430 Aerotrain Air cushion suspension railway , recoil drive France March 5th 1974 Top speed: 430 km / h, average speed: 417.6 km / h
450 Transrapid 07 Magnetic levitation train Germany 17th June 1993
501.5 Transrapid 08 Magnetic levitation train China November 12, 2003
517 JR Maglev ML500 Magnetic levitation train Japan December 21, 1979 unmanned, limited by the length of the test track (7 km)
581 JR-Maglev MLX01 Magnetic levitation train Japan December 2, 2003 experimental, 18 km test track
603 Shinkansen L0 Magnetic levitation train Japan April 21, 2015 Production vehicle on the 43 km test track

Rocket sled

Rocket sled at Holloman Air Force Base
km / h country date Remarks
04972 New Mexico (USA) 1959 on the SNORT ("Supersonic Naval Ordnance Track")
09845 Holloman Air Force Base (USA) October 1982 unmanned; Rocket engine brought a 25  pound heavy charge to a speed of 6119 mph
10430 Holloman Air Force Base (USA) April 30, 2003 unmanned; last stage of a 4-part rocket sled

Regularly running trains of the wheel-rail system according to the timetable

Top speed

v max [km / h] Ø-v [km / h] train drive country of to Distance [km] year
210 162.8 Hikari Shinkansen electric Japan Tokyo Shin-Osaka 515.4 1964
260 159.4 TGV electric France Paris Lyon- Part-Dieu 425 1981
270 212.5 TGV electric France Paris Lyon-Part-Dieu 425 1983
300 222.9 TGV electric France Paris Le Mans 208 1989
300 232.9 TGV electric France Paris Tours 217.4 1991
300 242.5 Shinkansen Series 500 (Nozomi) electric Japan Shin-Ōsaka Hakata 644.0 1997
320 263.3 TGV electric France Lyon St Exupery Aix-en-Provence 289.6 2001
350 266.2 as of December 2017 CRH2 C / CRH3 C electric China Zhengzhou Guangzhou 1442 2012

Highest average speeds

Ø-v [km / h] v max [km / h] train drive country of to Distance [km] Travel time [h: min] year
124 160 Flying hamburger diesel-electric Germany Berlin Hamburg 286.0 2:18 1933
130 ? Twin Cities Hiawatha ( MILW Class F7 ) steam United States Portage Sparta 136.8 1:03 1939
131.8 160 mistral electric France Paris Dijon 314.2 2:23 1964
162.8 210 Shinkansen Class 0 (Hikari) electric Japan Tokyo Shin- Osaka 515.4 3:10 1965
189.8 230 ICE T electric Germany Berlin Hamburg 284.7 1:30 2006
232.4 300 ICE 3 electric Germany Frankfurt Airport Siegburg / Bonn 143.3 0:37 2006
235.8 300 AVE S-103 electric Spain Madrid-Atocha Barcelona sants 620.9 2:38 2008
261.8 300 Shinkansen Series 500 (Nozomi) electric Japan Hiroshima Kokura 192.0 0:44 1997
262.0 320 TGV duplex electric France Paris-Montparnasse Bordeaux Saint-Jean 537.1 2:03 (as of July 2018) 2018
271.8 320 TGV duplex electric France Lorraine TGV Champagne-Ardenne TGV 167.6 0:37 2007
290 350 CRH2 C / CRH3 C electric China Wuhan Guangzhou South 1068 3:41 2019
303 350 CR400 electric China Beijing South Shanghai Hongqiao 1302.9 4:18 2020

See also

literature

  • Colin J Tylor: TGV Est lifts the record . In: Reed Business (ed.): Railway Gazette International . Issue 9, September 2007, ISSN  0373-5346 , p. 553–558 (English, railwaygazette.com ( Memento from March 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 304 kB ; accessed on November 10, 2019] with an overview of former record runs).
  • Rainer Kratochwille: For the benefit of switchable roll dampers in routing elements with variable track curvature . 2004, DNB  975086472 , urn : nbn: de: gbv: 089-4799395195 (Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2004; introduction to the physical and technical problems of controlling high speeds in the wheel / rail system).

Web links

Commons : World speed records for rail vehicles  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Shaw, 1958, p. 47.
  2. ↑ 9th year . In: Siemens magazine . No. October 10 , 1929, p. 643 .
  3. ↑ a b New world record - 574.8 km / h . In: Today's railways Europe . No. 137 , May 2007, ISSN  1354-2753 , p. 6th f .
  4. ^ Jürgen Hörstel, Marcus Niedt: ICE - New trains for new routes . Orell-Füssli-Verlag, Zurich / Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-280-01994-X , p. 105 .
  5. ↑ a b c TGV sets world record. Alstom, April 3, 2007, accessed April 3, 2007 (press release).
  6. ↑ a b c For the record… In: Today's railways Europe . No. 140 , August 2007, ISSN  1354-2753 , p. 7 .
  7. ↑ railpictures.net.
  8. ↑ dailymotion.com.
  9. ↑ Flying on rails. In: Tagesspiegel . April 4, 2007, accessed December 16, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Original artwork: John Swatsley: Brother Jonathan Locomotive. In: unicover.com. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
  11. ↑ a b Comparative evaluation of the documentation of the record runs of 05 002 and Mallard (English).
  12. ↑ Peter Jauch: The SVT "Leipzig" 137 234/183 251-8. (No longer available online.) In: svt-leipzig.de. January 9, 2008, archived from the original on November 15, 2016 ; accessed on November 10, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Eurailspeed 2002 in Madrid . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 12, December 2002, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 573 .
  14. ↑ Talgo speed record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 10, October 2002, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 469 .
  15. ↑ Jörg Schurig: European locomotive ES64U4 sets a world record with 357 km / h. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Hamburger Blätter. Eisenbahnfreunde Hamburg, March 2007, archived from the original on October 21, 2007 ; Retrieved December 7, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fde-hamburg.de
  16. ↑ Picture of the record run.
  17. ↑ Dagli ETR.200 all'ETR.232 “Polifemo”. Fondazione FS, accessed May 2, 2021 (Italian).
  18. ↑ a b c プ ロ ト タ イ プ の 世界 - Prototype World . Kotsu Shimbunsha, Japan December 2005.
  19. ↑ Chinese train breaks speed record. In: Handelsblatt .
  20. ↑ Picture of the record run on April 3, 2007.
  21. ↑ Flying on rails. In: Der Tagesspiegel. April 4, 2007, accessed December 7, 2017 .
  22. ↑ New world record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 1/2, January 1998, ISSN  1421-2811 , pp. 47 .
  23. ↑ Maglev world record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 1, January 2004, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 32 .
  24. ↑ http://www.china-train-ticket.com/
  25. ↑ Jim Scribbins: The Hiawatha Story . University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis / London 2007, ISBN 978-0-8166-5003-3 (originally published by Kalmbach Publishing, Milwaukee 1970).
  26. ↑ persoenlicherfahrplan.bahn.de (PDF).
  27. ↑ https://www.china-train-ticket.com/show.php?s=WHN&a=GZQ&tm=2019-04-12