World speed records for rail vehicles
The list of world speed records for rail vehicles includes the fastest rail-bound vehicles .
Definition problem
The determination of the fastest rail vehicle in the world or the recognition of a speed “record value” varies according to the criteria that are applied. On the one hand, in addition to the established classic wheel-rail system, there are also other track-based means of transport such as the magnetic rail system or hovercraft technology, as well as purely experimental high-speed tests, for example with unmanned vehicles and / or on pure test facilities. Different drive forms or types of trains within a system lead in individual cases to performance values that are specifically only recognized or valid for the respective system variant.
To date, there is neither a standardized procedure nor regulations that define these parameters in order to determine world records - unlike, for example, for automobiles by the FIA or for aircraft by the FAI , the UIC or other comparable organizations have not issued any regulations in this direction. In the case of the world records listed here, the train lengths, the train weight, the inclination of the route or the length of the measuring route vary, among other things. Likewise, the applied measurement methods and the measurement instruments used differ in some cases considerably. In addition, there is no officially certified or incomplete documentation for a number of the speed records of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century .
Wheel-rail system
A speed record was the first truly efficient use locomotive , the Rocket of George Stephenson set h, km in 1830 to 48 /. In 1890 a French Crampton reached 144 km / h.
The 200-km / h mark was for the first time in October 1903 by two three-phase trial railcars Research Association for Electrical high-speed trains on the military railway Marienfelde-Zossen exceeded. On October 6, 1903, the three-phase motor car from Siemens & Halske drove a speed of 206 km / h. A few days later, on October 28, 1903, the AEG three-phase motor car even reached 210.2 km / h.
This world record lasted for 28 years. It was not until June 21, 1931 that the rail zeppelin designed by Franz Kruckenberg reached a top speed of 230.2 km / h.
Steam locomotives also traveled faster than 200 km / h : On May 11, 1936, the express locomotive 05 002 reached 200.4 km / h on the Berlin-Hamburg railway , a record that was only two years later the British LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard was broken at 202.6 km / h.
On March 29, 1955, the French locomotive CC 7107 broke through the 300 km / h mark for the first time at 326 km / h and a day later the BB 9004 with 331 km / h; a record that lasted 26 years. The next record holder was the TGV PSE 16, which reached 380 km / h on February 26, 1981 on the Paris – Lyon route . The 400 km / h mark was first exceeded on May 1, 1988 on the high-speed line Hanover – Würzburg with 406.9 km / h with the ICE-V . On May 18, 1990, the French TGV set a new record with 515.3 km / h. Even higher speeds failed due to the resilience of the overhead line .
Current record
On April 3, 2007, the unit 4402, equipped with two TGV POS power units, set a new world record. On a specially developed section of the new LGV Est européenne line (Paris – Strasbourg), the test train reached a speed of 574.79 km / h and thus exceeded the previous official world record of 515.3 km / h from 1990 near the village of Passavant-en-Argonne , at around kilometer 191 of the new line. The world record run took place in an east-west direction.
The V150 -called train (150 m / s, which corresponds to h speeds of 540 km / h) consisted of two power cars of POS series and two end and a middle car of a TGV Duplex . The Jakobs bogies of the intermediate car were equipped with the drive technology of the AGV , so that the test train developed a total of 19.6 megawatts . Compared to a standard train, three of the four pantographs had been dismantled and the car transitions modified. The contact wire voltage was increased from 25 kilovolts to 31 kilovolts. In addition, the impellers had a diameter of 1092 millimeters compared to the usual impellers with a size of 920 millimeters.
Before the specially prepared TGV set the record, it had already surpassed the 515 km / h mark of 1990 several times in test runs in spring 2007.
After the TGV record run, the competitor Siemens suspected that the train was almost ready for scrap after such a test. The test train was used in normal operation after various modifications and dismantling .
The series of tests at very high speeds was a cooperation project between the SNCF , the rail infrastructure authority RFF and the Alstom group.
history
Steam drive
km / h | Locomotive | country | date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
8th | Richard Trevithick's first steam locomotive in the world | Great Britain | February 21, 1804 | |
24 | Locomotion No. 1 | Great Britain | 1825 | Stockton and Darlington Railway |
48 | The Rocket | Great Britain | 1830 | |
100 | Brother Jonathan | United States | 1833 | first locomotive with a leading bogie |
100+ | Sharp & Roberts locomotive | Great Britain | 1835 | |
140 | Locomotive from Praga | Austria-Hungary | 1890 | |
144 | Crampton No. 604 | France | 1890 | |
154.5 | Bavarian S 2/6 | Royal Bavarian State Railways | July 2, 1907 | claimed the world record for himself |
164 | GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro | Great Britain | May 9, 1904 | claimed to be the first steam locomotive in Europe to reach over 100 mph |
166.6 | MILW class F6 # 6402 | United States | July 20, 1934 | first reliably verifiable trip over 100 mph |
168.5 | LNER class A3 No. 2750 papyrus | Great Britain | March 5, 1935 | first trip over 100 mph with complete documentation |
174 | 3.1174 | France | 1935 | |
181 | New York Central No. 999 | United States | May 10, 1893 | claimed, first radgetriebenes vehicle over 100 mph to be |
181.1 | Milwaukee Road Class A # 2 | United States | May 15, 1935 | |
182.4 | DR 18 201 | Germany | October 11, 1972 | Fastest operational steam locomotive by 2018, with 164 km / h the fastest steam locomotive of the 21st century to date (May 5, 2002); since the deadline expired at the end of 2018; the title of the currently fastest operational steam locomotive in the world has been vacant since then. |
200.4 | DR series 05 | Germany | May 11, 1936 | 200.4 km / h clearly documented; reached after multiple test drives at speeds of around 190 km / h |
201.2 | LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard | Great Britain | July 3, 1938 | According to official information, 202.6 km / h were briefly reached on a slight gradient and 201.2 km / h over half a mile , but all figures are probably a bit too high. The locomotive was damaged by an overheated drive rod bearing while attempting to set the record. |
Combustion drive
km / h | vehicle | drive | country | date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
230.2 | Rail zeppelin ( railcar ) | Gasoline - aircraft engine | Germany | June 21, 1931 | Propeller-driven experimental single vehicle, absolute rail world record for 24 years |
205.0 | SVT 137 233-234 , multiple unit | Diesel-electric | Germany | February 17, 1936 | three-part multiple unit, type "Leipzig" |
222.0 | ICE TD , multiple unit | Diesel mechanically | Germany | January 13, 2000 | fastest diesel multiple unit in Germany |
230.4 | HST , multiple unit | Diesel-electric | Great Britain | June 12, 1973 | |
238 | HST, multiple unit | Diesel-electric | Great Britain | November 1, 1987 | recognized world record for diesel-powered rail vehicles |
256.38 | Talgo XXI , multiple unit | Diesel hydraulic | Spain | July 12, 2002 | unofficial world record for diesel-powered multiple units |
271 | ТЭП80 , locomotive | Diesel-electric | Russia | December 1992 | unofficial world record for diesel locomotives |
318 | TGV 001 | Gas turbine -electric | France | December 8, 1972 | Gas turbine with generator and electric traction motors |
Electric railcars
km / h | vehicle | society | date | Vehicle type | Status | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
206 | Three-phase railcars | St.ES / Siemens & Halske | October 1903 | Railcar | Marienfelde - Zossen | |
210.2 | Three-phase motor car | St.ES / AEG | October 28, 1903 | Railcar | Marienfelde-Zossen | |
243 | CC 7121 | SNCF | February 21, 1954 | locomotive | ||
326 | CC 7107 | SNCF | March 28, 1955 | locomotive | modified | see world record runs in March 1955 |
330.9 | BB 9004 | SNCF | March 29, 1955 | locomotive | modified | see world record runs in March 1955 |
357.0 | Siemens ES64U4 1216 050 |
Siemens (former owner, on behalf of ÖBB ) |
September 2, 2006 | locomotive | standard | High-speed line from Nuremberg to Ingolstadt |
Electric multiple units with power cars
km / h | vehicle | society | date | Vehicle type | Status | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
380 | TGV | SNCF | February 26, 1981 | Multiple unit ( power cars ) | standard | LGV Sud-Est |
406.9 | InterCityExperimental | DB | May 1, 1988 | Multiple unit (power cars) | experimental |
NBS Hanover – Würzburg see world record run in May 1988 |
515.3 | TGV | SNCF | May 18, 1990 | Multiple unit (power cars) | modified |
LGV Atlantique near Vendôme see world record runs 1989/1990 |
Electric multiple units with distributed drive
km / h | vehicle | society | date | Vehicle type | Status | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
201 | ETR 200 | FS | December 6, 1937 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | experimental | Railway line Rome-Formia-Naples |
256 | Shinkansen - Series 1000 | JNR | March 30, 1963 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | experimental | Test route (later Tōkaidō Shinkansen ) |
286 | Shinkansen | JNR | February 24, 1972 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | experimental | San'yō Shinkansen Aioi- Himeji |
319 | Shinkansen | JNR | 7th December 1979 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | experimental | Test route (later Tōhoku Shinkansen ) |
368 | ICE 3 | DB | 2000 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | standard | SFS Hanover – Berlin |
403.7 | Siemens Velaro ( Velaro E ) | AVE | July 17, 2006 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | standard | SFS Madrid – Barcelona |
486.1 | CSR CRH 380A | CRH | December 3, 2010 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | standard | SFS Beijing – Shanghai (record for series vehicles) |
487.3 | Siemens Velaro ( Velaro CN ) CRH380BL | CRH | January 9, 2011 | Multiple unit (distributed drive) | standard | Xuzhou and Bengbu (record for production vehicles) |
Electric multiple units with powered end cars and additionally distributed drive
km / h | vehicle | society | date | Vehicle type | Status | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
574.8 | V150 | SNCF | April 3, 2007 | Multiple unit with powered bogies of the intermediate car | modified | LGV Est européenne The multiple unit was dismantled after the test. |
Monorail systems
In addition to the classic wheel-rail system with two rails, various monorail systems have been developed that are based on magnetic levitation technology or hovercraft technology. These technologies allow significantly higher speeds due to the lower friction between the route and the vehicle.
km / h | train | Vehicle system | country | date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
401.3 | COMET | Magnetic levitation train | Germany | 1975 | |
412.6 | Transrapid 06 | Magnetic levitation train | Germany | 1988 | |
430 | Aerotrain | Air cushion suspension railway , recoil drive | France | March 5th 1974 | Top speed: 430 km / h, average speed: 417.6 km / h |
450 | Transrapid 07 | Magnetic levitation train | Germany | 17th June 1993 | |
501.5 | Transrapid 08 | Magnetic levitation train | China | November 12, 2003 | |
517 | JR Maglev ML500 | Magnetic levitation train | Japan | December 21, 1979 | unmanned, limited by the length of the test track (7 km) |
581 | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Magnetic levitation train | Japan | December 2, 2003 | experimental, 18 km test track |
603 | Shinkansen L0 | Magnetic levitation train | Japan | April 21, 2015 | Production vehicle on the 43 km test track |
Rocket sled
km / h | country | date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
4972 | New Mexico (USA) | 1959 | on the SNORT ("Supersonic Naval Ordnance Track") |
9845 | Holloman Air Force Base (USA) | October 1982 | unmanned; Rocket engine brought a 25 pound heavy charge to a speed of 6119 mph |
10430 | Holloman Air Force Base (USA) | April 30, 2003 | unmanned; last stage of a 4-part rocket sled |
Regularly running trains of the wheel-rail system according to the timetable
Top speed
v max [km / h] | Ø-v [km / h] | train | drive | country | of | to | Distance [km] | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
210 | 162.8 | Hikari Shinkansen | electric | Japan | Tokyo | Shin-Osaka | 515.4 | 1964 |
260 | 159.4 | TGV | electric | France | Paris | Lyon- Part-Dieu | 425 | 1981 |
270 | 212.5 | TGV | electric | France | Paris | Lyon-Part-Dieu | 425 | 1983 |
300 | 222.9 | TGV | electric | France | Paris | Le Mans | 208 | 1989 |
300 | 232.9 | TGV | electric | France | Paris | Tours | 217.4 | 1991 |
300 | 242.5 | Shinkansen Series 500 (Nozomi) | electric | Japan | Shin-Ōsaka | Hakata | 644.0 | 1997 |
320 | 263.3 | TGV | electric | France | Lyon St Exupery | Aix-en-Provence | 289.6 | 2001 |
350 | 266.2 as of December 2017 | CRH2 C / CRH3 C | electric | China | Zhengzhou | Guangzhou | 1442 | 2012 |
Highest average speeds
Ø-v [km / h] | v max [km / h] | train | drive | country | of | to | Distance [km] | Travel time [h: min] | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
124 | 160 | Flying hamburger | diesel-electric | Germany | Berlin | Hamburg | 286.0 | 2:18 | 1933 |
130 | ? | Twin Cities Hiawatha ( MILW Class F7 ) | steam | United States | Portage | Sparta | 136.8 | 1:03 | 1939 |
131.8 | 160 | mistral | electric | France | Paris | Dijon | 314.2 | 2:23 | 1964 |
162.8 | 210 | Shinkansen Class 0 (Hikari) | electric | Japan | Tokyo | Shin- Osaka | 515.4 | 3:10 | 1965 |
189.8 | 230 | ICE T | electric | Germany | Berlin | Hamburg | 284.7 | 1:30 | 2006 |
232.4 | 300 | ICE 3 | electric | Germany | Frankfurt Airport | Siegburg / Bonn | 143.3 | 0:37 | 2006 |
235.8 | 300 | AVE S-103 | electric | Spain | Madrid-Atocha | Barcelona sants | 620.9 | 2:38 | 2008 |
261.8 | 300 | Shinkansen Series 500 (Nozomi) | electric | Japan | Hiroshima | Kokura | 192.0 | 0:44 | 1997 |
262.0 | 320 | TGV duplex | electric | France | Paris-Montparnasse | Bordeaux Saint-Jean | 537.1 | 2:03 (as of July 2018) | 2018 |
271.8 | 320 | TGV duplex | electric | France | Lorraine TGV | Champagne-Ardenne TGV | 167.6 | 0:37 | 2007 |
290 | 350 | CRH2 C / CRH3 C | electric | China | Wuhan | Guangzhou South | 1068 | 3:41 | 2019 |
303 | 350 | CR400 | electric | China | Beijing South | Shanghai Hongqiao | 1302.9 | 4:18 | 2020 |
See also
literature
- Colin J Tylor: TGV Est lifts the record . In: Reed Business (ed.): Railway Gazette International . Issue 9, September 2007, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 553–558 (English, railwaygazette.com ( Memento from March 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 304 kB ; accessed on November 10, 2019] with an overview of former record runs).
- Rainer Kratochwille: For the benefit of switchable roll dampers in routing elements with variable track curvature . 2004, DNB 975086472 , urn : nbn: de: gbv: 089-4799395195 (Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2004; introduction to the physical and technical problems of controlling high speeds in the wheel / rail system).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Shaw, 1958, p. 47.
- ↑ 9th year . In: Siemens magazine . No. October 10 , 1929, p. 643 .
- ↑ a b New world record - 574.8 km / h . In: Today's railways Europe . No. 137 , May 2007, ISSN 1354-2753 , p. 6th f .
- ^ Jürgen Hörstel, Marcus Niedt: ICE - New trains for new routes . Orell-Füssli-Verlag, Zurich / Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-280-01994-X , p. 105 .
- ↑ a b c TGV sets world record. Alstom, April 3, 2007, accessed April 3, 2007 (press release).
- ↑ a b c For the record… In: Today's railways Europe . No. 140 , August 2007, ISSN 1354-2753 , p. 7 .
- ↑ railpictures.net.
- ↑ dailymotion.com.
- ↑ Flying on rails. In: Tagesspiegel . April 4, 2007, accessed December 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Original artwork: John Swatsley: Brother Jonathan Locomotive. In: unicover.com. Retrieved May 26, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Comparative evaluation of the documentation of the record runs of 05 002 and Mallard (English).
- ↑ Peter Jauch: The SVT "Leipzig" 137 234/183 251-8. (No longer available online.) In: svt-leipzig.de. January 9, 2008, archived from the original on November 15, 2016 ; accessed on November 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Eurailspeed 2002 in Madrid . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 12, December 2002, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 573 .
- ↑ Talgo speed record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 10, October 2002, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 469 .
- ↑ Jörg Schurig: European locomotive ES64U4 sets a world record with 357 km / h. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Hamburger Blätter. Eisenbahnfreunde Hamburg, March 2007, archived from the original on October 21, 2007 ; Retrieved December 7, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Picture of the record run.
- ↑ Dagli ETR.200 all'ETR.232 “Polifemo”. Fondazione FS, accessed May 2, 2021 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c プ ロ ト タ イ プ の 世界 - Prototype World . Kotsu Shimbunsha, Japan December 2005.
- ↑ Chinese train breaks speed record. In: Handelsblatt .
- ↑ Picture of the record run on April 3, 2007.
- ↑ Flying on rails. In: Der Tagesspiegel. April 4, 2007, accessed December 7, 2017 .
- ↑ New world record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 1/2, January 1998, ISSN 1421-2811 , pp. 47 .
- ↑ Maglev world record . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 1, January 2004, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 32 .
- ↑ http://www.china-train-ticket.com/
- ↑ Jim Scribbins: The Hiawatha Story . University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis / London 2007, ISBN 978-0-8166-5003-3 (originally published by Kalmbach Publishing, Milwaukee 1970).
- ↑ persoenlicherfahrplan.bahn.de (PDF).
- ↑ https://www.china-train-ticket.com/show.php?s=WHN&a=GZQ&tm=2019-04-12